JWT
1、工作原理
"""
1) jwt = base64(头部).base(载荷).hash256(base64(头部).base(载荷).密钥)
2) base64是可逆的算法、hash256是不可逆的算法
3) 密钥是固定的字符串，保存在服务器
"""
2、drf-jwt
官网
http://getblimp.github.io/django-rest-framework-jwt/
安装子：虚拟环境
pip install djangorestframework-jwt
使用：user/urls.py
from django.urls import path
from rest_framework_jwt.views import obtain_jwt_token
urlpatterns = [
path('login/', obtain_jwt_token),
]
测试接口：post请求
"""
postman发生post请求
接口：http://api.luffy.cn:8000/user/login/
数据：
{
"username":"admin",
"password":"admin"
}
"""
3、drf-jwt开发
配置信息：JWT_AUTH到dev.py中
import datetime
JWT_AUTH = {
# 过期时间
'JWT_EXPIRATION_DELTA': datetime.timedelta(days=1),
# 自定义认证结果：见下方序列化user和自定义response
'JWT_RESPONSE_PAYLOAD_HANDLER': 'user.utils.jwt_response_payload_handler',
}
序列化user：user/serializers.py(自己创建)
from rest_framework import serializers
from . import models
class UserModelSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = models.User
fields = ['username']
自定义response：user/utils.py
from .serializers import UserModelSerializers
def jwt_response_payload_handler(token, user=None, request=None):
return {
'status': 0,
'msg': 'ok',
'data': {
'token': token,
'user': UserModelSerializers(user).data
}
}
基于drf-jwt的全局认证：user/authentications.py(自己创建)
import jwt
from rest_framework.exceptions import AuthenticationFailed
from rest_framework_jwt.authentication import jwt_decode_handler
from rest_framework_jwt.authentication import get_authorization_header
from rest_framework_jwt.authentication import BaseJSONWebTokenAuthentication
class JSONWebTokenAuthentication(BaseJSONWebTokenAuthentication):
def authenticate(self, request):
jwt_value = get_authorization_header(request)
if not jwt_value:
raise AuthenticationFailed('Authorization 字段是必须的')
try:
payload = jwt_decode_handler(jwt_value)
except jwt.ExpiredSignature:
raise AuthenticationFailed('签名过期')
except jwt.InvalidTokenError:
raise AuthenticationFailed('非法用户')
user = self.authenticate_credentials(payload)
return user, jwt_value
全局启用：settings/dev.py
REST_FRAMEWORK = {
# 认证模块
'DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES': (
'user.authentications.JSONWebTokenAuthentication',
),
}
局部启用禁用：任何一个cbv类首行
# 局部禁用
authentication_classes = []
# 局部启用
from user.authentications import JSONWebTokenAuthentication
authentication_classes = [JSONWebTokenAuthentication]
多方式登录：user/utils.py
import re
from .models import User
from django.contrib.auth.backends import ModelBackend
class JWTModelBackend(ModelBackend):
def authenticate(self, request, username=None, password=None, **kwargs):
try:
if re.match(r'^1[3-9]\d{9}$', username):
user = User.objects.get(mobile=username)
else:
user = User.objects.get(username=username)
except User.DoesNotExist:
return None
if user.check_password(password) and self.user_can_authenticate(user):
return user
配置多方式登录：settings/dev.py
AUTHENTICATION_BACKENDS = ['user.utils.JWTModelBackend']
手动签发JWT：了解 - 可以拥有原生登录基于Model类user对象签发JWT
from rest_framework_jwt.settings import api_settings
jwt_payload_handler = api_settings.JWT_PAYLOAD_HANDLER
jwt_encode_handler = api_settings.JWT_ENCODE_HANDLER
payload = jwt_payload_handler(user)
token = jwt_encode_handler(payload)
