C++ 作用域内枚举
——传统的枚举存在一些问题,其中之一是两个枚举类型定义中的枚举量可能发生冲突。
enum egg {Small, Medium, Large, Jumbo}; enum t_shirt {Small, Medium, Large, Xlarge};
这将无法通过编译(egg Small和t_shirt Small发生冲突)
解决办法(新枚举):
C++11提供了一种新枚举,其枚举量的作用域为类:
enum class egg {Small, Medium, Large, Jumbo}; eum class t_shirt {Small, Medium, Large, Xlarge};
- 可使用关键字struct代替class
- 使用时需使用枚举名来限定枚举量:
egg choice = egg::Large; // the Large enumerator of the egg enum t_shirt Floyd = t_shirt::Large; // the Large enumerator of the t_shirt enum
- C++11提高了作用域内枚举的类型安全:
- 有时,常规枚举将自动转换为整型,如将其赋给int变量或用于比较表达式时,但作用域内枚举不能隐式地转换为整型:
enum egg_old {Small, Medium, Large, Jumbo}; // unscoped enum class t_shirt {Small, Medium, Large, Xlarge}; // scoped egg_old one = Medium; // unscoped t_shirt rolf = t_shirt::Large; // scoped int king = one; // implicit type conversion ofr unscoped int ring = rolf; // not allowed, no implicit type conversion if (king < Jumbo) // allowed std::cout<<"Jumbo converted to int before comparison.\n"; if (king < t_shirt::Medium) // not allowed std::cout<<"Not allowed: < not defined for scoped enum.\n";
但在必要时,可显示类型转换:
int Frodo = int(t_shirt::Small); // Frodo set to 0
- 有时,常规枚举将自动转换为整型,如将其赋给int变量或用于比较表达式时,但作用域内枚举不能隐式地转换为整型: