【Django】【四】测试

【Testing in Django】

通过参数可控制Django项目不同级别的测试。

1. 运行sign应用下所有的测试用例：

\\guest\python manage.py test sign

2. 运行sign应用下的tests.py测试文件

\\guest\python manage.py test sign.tests

3. 运行sign应用tests.py测试文件下的ModelTest测试类

\\guest\python manage.py test sign.tests.ModelTest

4. 运行sign应用tests.py测试文件下的ModelTest测试类下面的test_event_models测试方法（用例）

\\guest\python manage.py test sign.tests.ModelTest.test_event_models

Creating test database for alias 'default'...
.-
---------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 1 test in 0.226s
OK
Destroying test database for alias 'default'...

5. 除此之外，还可以使用-p （或--pattern）参数模糊匹配测试文件

\\guest\python manage.py test -p test*.py

【The test views】

用Django自带的TestCase执行测试用例时，要将视图函数中@login_required标签去掉，因为个函数依赖于登录，然而， Client()所提供的 get()和 post()方法并没有验
证登录的参数。

【代码】

tests.py

from django.test import TestCase
from sign.models import Event,Guest


class ModelTest(TestCase):
    def setUp(self):
        Event.objects.create(id=10,name='oneplus 3 event',status=True,limit=2000,address='shenzhen',start_time='2017-12-12 02:00:56')
        Guest.objects.create(id=10,event_id=10,realname='alen',phone='13711001101',email='alen@mail.com',sign=True)

    def test_event_models(self):
        result = Event.objects.get(name='oneplus 3 event')
        self.assertEqual(result.address,'shenzhen')
        self.assertTrue(result.status)

    def test_guest_models(self):
        result = Guest.objects.get(phone='13711001101')
        self.assertEqual(result.realname,'alen')
        self.assertTrue(result.sign)

class IndexPageTest(TestCase):
    '''测试index登录首页'''

    def test_index_page_renders_index_template(self):
        response = self.client.get('/')
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code,200)
        self.assertTemplateUsed(response,'index.html')


from django.contrib.auth.models import User
from django.test import Client
class LoginActionTest(TestCase):
    '''测试登录函数'''
    def setUp(self):
        User.objects.create_user('wxue', 'admin@mail.com', 'admin123456')  #创建登录用户，不过不好用，第三个case总是不过，具体原因不明
        self.c = Client()

    def test_login_action_username_password_null(self):
        '''用户名密码为空'''
        test_data = {'username':'','password':''}
        response = self.c.post('/login_action/',data=test_data)
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code,200)
        self.assertIn(b'username or password error',response.content)

    def test_login_action_username_password_error(self):
        '''用户名密码错误'''
        test_data = {'username':'abc','password':'123'}
        response = self.c.post('/login_action/',data=test_data)
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code,200)
        self.assertIn(b'username or password error',response.content)

    def test_login_action_success(self):
        '''登录成功'''
        test_data = {'username':'wxue','password':'admin123456'}
        response = self.c.post('/login_action/',data=test_data)
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code,302)

from sign.models import Event,Guest
from django.test import Client

class EventManageTest(TestCase):
    #此 用 例 要 想 运 行 通 过 ， 需 要 在 views.py 视 图 文 件 中 将 event_manage() 和 search_name() 函 数 的@login_required 装饰器去掉， 因为这两个函数依赖于登录， 然而， Client()所提供的 get()和 post()方法并没有验证登录的参数。
    '''发布会管理'''
    def setUp(self):
        Event.objects.create(id=10,name='xiaomi5',limit=2000,status=True,address='beijing',start_time='2017-12-12 12:00:01')
        self.c = Client()

    def test_event_manage_success(self):
        '''测试发布会：xiaomi5'''
        response = self.c.post('/event_manage/')
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code,200)
        self.assertIn(b'xiaomi5',response.content)
        self.assertIn(b'beijing',response.content)

    def test_event_manage_search_success(self):
        '''测试发布会搜索'''
        response = self.c.get('/search_name/',{'name':'xiaomi5'})
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code,200)
        self.assertIn(b'xiaomi5',response.content)
        self.assertIn(b'beijing',response.content)


class GuestManageTest(TestCase): #views.py 视图文件中将 sign_index_action()函数的@login_required 装饰器去掉， 原因同上
    '''嘉宾管理'''
    def setUp(self):
        Event.objects.create(id=10,name='xiaomi5',limit=2000,address='beijing',status=1,start_time='2017-12-12 12:00:02')
        Guest.objects.create(realname='alen',phone=18611001100,email='alen@mail.com',sign=0,event_id=10)
        self.c = Client()

    def test_guest_manage_success(self):
        '''测试嘉宾信息：alen'''
        response = self.c.post('/guest_manage/')
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code,200)
        self.assertIn(b'alen',response.content)
        self.assertIn(b'18611001100',response.content)

    def test_guest_manage_search_success(self):
        '''测试嘉宾搜索'''
        response = self.c.get('/search_phone',{'phone':18611001100})
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code,200)
        self.assertIn(b'alen',response.content)
        self.assertIn(b'18611001100',response.content)

class SignIndexActionTest(TestCase):
    '''发布会签到'''

    def setUp(self):
        Event.objects.create(id=1,name='xiaomi5',limit=2000,address='beijing',status=1,start_time='2017-12-12 12:12:00')
        Event.objects.create(id=2,name='oneplus4',limit=2000,address='shenzhen',status=1,start_time='2017-12-13 12:56:56')
        Guest.objects.create(realname='alen',phone=18611001100,email='alen@mail.com',sign=0,event_id=1)
        Guest.objects.create(realname='una',phone=18611001101,email='una@mail.com',sign=1,event_id=2)
        self.c = Client()

    def test_sign_index_action_phone_null(self):
        '''手机号为kong'''
        response = self.c.post('/sign_index_action/1/',{'phone':''})
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code,200)
        self.assertIn(b'phone error',response.content)

    def test_sign_index_action_phone_or_event_id_error(self):
        '''手机号或发布会id错误'''
        response = self.c.post('/sign_index_action/2/',{'phone':'18611001100'})
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code,200)
        self.assertIn(b'event id or phone error',response.content)

    def test_sign_index_action_user_sign_has(self):
        '''用户已经签到'''
        response = self.c.post('/sign_index_action/2/',{'phone':'18611001101'})
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code,200)
        self.assertIn(b'user has sign in',response.content)

    def test_sign_index_action_sign_success(self):
        '''签到成功'''
        response = self.c.post('/sign_index_action/1/',{'phone':'18611001100'})
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code,200)
        self.assertIn(b'sign in success',response.content)





-------------------------------------------------以下都是前期练习------------------------------------------------
6.1 unittest 单元测试框架

6.1.1 单元测试框架

单元测试 unittest
HTTP 接口自动化测试： unittest + Requests
Web UI 自动化测试： unittest + Selenium
移动自动化测试 ： unittest + Appium

6.1.2 编写单元测试用例
开发一个简单的计算器，用于计算两个数的加、减、乘、除 

module.py


class Calculator():
    '''实现两个数的加、减、乘、除'''

    def __init__(self, a, b):
        self.a = int(a)
        self.b = int(b)

    # 加
    def add(self):
        return self.a + self.b

    # 减
    def sub(self):
        return self.a - self.b

    # 乘
    def mul(self):
        return self.a * self.b

    # 除
    def div(self):
        return self.a / self.b
    

同级创建 test.py


import unittest
from module import Calculator

class ModuleTest(unittest.TestCase):

    def setUp(self):
        self.cal = Calculator(8, 4)

    def tearDown(self):
        pass

    def test_add(self):
        result = self.cal.add()
        self.assertEqual(result, 12)

    def test_sub(self):
        result = self.cal.sub()
        self.assertEqual(result, 4)

    def test_mul(self):
        result = self.cal.mul()
        self.assertEqual(result, 32)

    def test_div(self):
        result = self.cal.div()
        self.assertEqual(result, 2)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    # unittest.main()
    # 构造测试集
    suite = unittest.TestSuite()
    suite.addTest(ModuleTest('test_add'))
    suite.addTest(ModuleTest('test_sub'))
    suite.addTest(ModuleTest('test_mul'))
    suite.addTest(ModuleTest('test_div'))
    #执行测试
    runner = unittest.TextTestRunner()
    runner.run(suite)


cmd.exe

从执行结果可以看到，点号"."用来表示一条运行通过的用例，总共运行4条测试用例，用时0.000秒

6.2 Django测试

Django的单元测试类django.test.TestCase 从unittest.TestCase继承而来。

6.2.1 一个简单的例子

在创建Django应用时，默认已经生成了tests.py，打开sign应用下的此文件

from django.test import TestCase
from sign.models import Event, Guest

# Create your tests here.
class ModelTest(TestCase):

    def setUp(self):
        Event.objects.create(id=1, name='oneplus 3 event', status=True,
                             limit=2000, address='shenzhen', start_time='2016-08-31 02:18:22')
        Guest.objects.create(id=1, event_id=1, realname='alen',
                             phone='13711001101', email='alen@mail.com',
                             sign=False)

    def test_event_models(self):
        result = Event.objects.get(name='oneplus 3 event')
        self.assertEqual(result.address, 'shenzhen')
        self.assertTrue(result.status)

    def test_guest_models(self):
        result = Guest.objects.get(phone=13711001101)
        self.assertEqual(result.realname, 'alen')
        self.assertFalse(result.sign)


千万不要单独执行tests.py Django专门提供了'test'命令来运行测试。
cmd.exe. 【备注】忽略掉3135 3090 两个 warning 下面的例子我都会删掉

B0178RQ2019070018:guest wangxue$ python3 manage.py test
Creating test database for alias 'default'...
/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pymysql/cursors.py:166: Warning: (3135, "'NO_ZERO_DATE', 'NO_ZERO_IN_DATE' and 'ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO' sql modes should be used with strict mode. They will be merged with strict mode in a future release.")
result = self._query(query)
/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pymysql/cursors.py:166: Warning: (3090, "Changing sql mode 'NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER' is deprecated. It will be removed in a future release.")
result = self._query(query)
System check identified no issues (0 silenced).
..
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 2 tests in 0.006s

OK
Destroying test database for alias 'default'...
/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pymysql/cursors.py:166: Warning: (3135, "'NO_ZERO_DATE', 'NO_ZERO_IN_DATE' and 'ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO' sql modes should be used with strict mode. They will be merged with strict mode in a future release.")
result = self._query(query)
/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pymysql/cursors.py:166: Warning: (3090, "Changing sql mode 'NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER' is deprecated. It will be removed in a future release.")
result = self._query(query)

当Django在执行setUp()部分的操作时候，并不会真的向数据库表中插入数据。所以，不用关心产生测试数据之后的清理工作。

修改用例中的预期结果，把断言结果由‘shenzhen’改成‘beijing', 使测试执行失败

B0178RQ2019070018:guest wangxue$ python3 manage.py test
Creating test database for alias 'default'...
F.
======================================================================
FAIL: test_event_models (sign.tests.ModelTest)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Users/wangxue/Library/Python/3.7/bin/guest/sign/tests.py", line 16, in test_event_models
self.assertEqual(result.address, 'beijing')
AssertionError: 'shenzhen' != 'beijing'
- shenzhen
+ beijing

----------------------------------------------------------------------

Ran 2 tests in 0.006s

FAILED (failures=1)
Destroying test database for alias 'default'...

6.2.2 运行测试用例

随着测试用例越来越多，测试时间也会变得越来越长；并不是每一次都希望执行全部用例有时只想执行某个某一条或某一个模块的测试用例。‘test’命令提供了可以控制用例执行的级别。

运行sign应用下所有的测试用例

B0178RQ2019070018:guest wangxue$ python3 manage.py test sign
Creating test database for alias 'default'...
..
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 2 tests in 0.006s