python基础-18元组内置方法
元组类型内置方法
元组是不可变的列表,即元组的值不可更改,因此元组一般只用于只存不取的需求。也因此元组可以被列表取代掉,所以元组相比较列表使用的很少。元组相比较列表的优点为:列表的值修改后,列表的结构将会发生改变,而元组只需要存储,因此列表在某种程度上而言需要占用更多的内存。但是目前工业上内存已经不是问题了,所以工业上元组一般不会使用。
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1.用途:多个装备、多个爱好、多门课程,甚至是多个女朋友
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2.定义:在()内可以有多个任意类型的值,逗号分隔元素
# my_girl_friend = tuple(('dilireba','liuyifei','yangmi'))
my_girl_friend = ('dilireba','liuyifei','yangmi')
print(f"my_girl_friend: {my_girl_friend}")
my_girl_friend: ('dilireba','liuyifei','yangmi')
name_str = ('nash') # ()只是普通包含的意思
name_tuple = ('nash',)
print(f"type(name_str): {type(name_str)}")
print(f"type(name_tuple): {type(name_tuple)}")
type(name_str): <class 'str'> type(name_tuple): <class 'tuple'>
- 3.常用操作+内置方法:常用操作和内置方法:
优先掌握(*****)
1.索引取值
2.切片(顾头不顾尾,步长)
3.长度len
4.成员运算in和not in
5.循环
6.count
7.index
1.索引取值
# tuple之索引取值
name_tuple = ('nash', 'langyigang', 'fujiachen', 'jinyi')
# name_tuple[0] = 'nick handsom' # 报错
print(f"name_tuple[0]: {name_tuple[0]}")
name_tuple[0]: nash
2.切片(顾头不顾尾,步长)
# tuple之切片
name_tuple = ('nash', 'langyigang', 'fujiacheng', 'jinyi')
print(f"name_tuple[1:3:2]: {name_tuple[1:3:2]}")
name_tuple[1:3:2]: ('langyigang',)
3.长度
# tuple之长度
name_tuple = ('nash', 'langyigang', 'fujiachen', 'jinyi')
print(f"name_tuple: {len(name_tuple)}")
name_tuple: 4
4.成员运算
# tuple之成员运算
name_tuple = ('nash', 'langyigang', 'fujiachen', 'jinyi')
print(f"'nash' in name_tuple: {'nash' in name_tuple}")
'nash' in name_tuple: True
5.循环
# tuple之循环
name_tuple = ('nash', 'langyigang', 'fujiachen', 'jinyi')
for name in name_tuple:
print(name)
nash langyigang fujiachen jinyi
6.count()
# tuple之count()
name_tuple = ('nash', 'langyigang', 'fujiachen', 'jinyi')
print(f"name_tuple.count('nash'): {name_tuple.count('nash')}")
name_tuple.count('nash'): 1
7.index()
# tuple之index()
name_tuple = ('nash', 'langyigang', 'fujiachen', 'jinyi')
print(f"name_tuple.index('nash'): {name_tuple.index('nash')}")
name_tuple.index('nash'): 0
存一个值or多个值:
一个值
有序or无序:
有序
name_tuple = ('nash',)
print(f'first:{id(name_tuple)}')
first:4394454152
可变or不可变:
不可变数据类型
元组和列表的区别
l = ['a', 'b', 'c']
print(f"id(l[0]): {id(l[0])}")
l[0] = 'A'
print(f"id(l[0]): {id(l[0])}")
id(l[0]): 4357367208 id(l[0]): 4357775176
列表可变的原因是:索引所对应的值的内存地址是可以改变的
元组不可变得原因是:索引所对应的值的内存地址是不可以改变的,或者反过来说,只要索引对应值的内存地址没有改变,那么元组是始终没有改变的。
t1 = (['a', 'b', 'c'], 'wc', 'office')
print(f"id(t1[0]): {id(t1[0])}")
print(f"id(t1[1]): {id(t1[1])}")
print(f"id(t1[2]): {id(t1[2])}")
t1[0][0] = 'A'
print(f"t1[0][0]: {t1[0][0]}")
print(f"id(t1[0]): {id(t1[0])}")
print(f"t1: {t1}")
id(t1[0]): 4394709960 id(t1[1]): 4374626968 id(t1[2]): 4394453568 t1[0][0]: A id(t1[0]): 4394709960 t1: (['A', 'b', 'c'], 'wc', 'office')