C#线程的启动
在.net中为我们提供了两种启动线程的方式,一种是不带参数的启动方式,另一种是带参数的启动的方式。
1:不带参数的启动方式,可以使用ThreadStart来实例化Thread,ThreadStart是在.Net Framework 中已经定义好的委托,ThreadStart定义为:
public delegate void ThreadStart();
使用方法如下面的代码:
static void Main(string[] args) { Demo demo = new Demo(); Thread t = new Thread(new ThreadStart(demo.Run)); t.Name = "NoParameterThread"; t.Start(); }
public class Demo { int interval = 1000; /// <summary> /// 不带参数的启动方法 /// </summary> public void Run() { for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { DoSomething(); } } private void DoSomething() { Console.WriteLine(string.Format("当前线程:{0},当前系统时间为:{1}", Thread.CurrentThread.Name, DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"))); Thread.Sleep(interval); } }
2:带参数的启动方法,就要使用ParameterizedThreadStart委托来实例化Thread了,和ThreadStart一样的是它也是线程启动时要执行的方法,和ThreadStart不同的是,它在实例化时可以用一个带有一个Object参数的方法作为构造函数的参数,而实例化ThreadStart时所用到的方法是没有参数的。ParameterizedThreadStart定义为:
public delegate void ParameterizedThreadStart(object obj);
使用方法如下面的代码:
public class Demo { int interval = 1000; private void DoSomething() { Console.WriteLine(string.Format("当前线程:{0},当前系统时间为:{1}", Thread.CurrentThread.Name, DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"))); Thread.Sleep(interval); } /// <summary> /// 带参数的启动方法 /// </summary> /// <param name="param"></param> public void Run(object param) { if (param == null) return; int.TryParse(param.ToString(), out interval); for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { DoSomething(); } } }
static void Main(string[] args) { Demo demo = new Demo(); Thread parameterThread = new Thread(new ParameterizedThreadStart(demo.Run)); parameterThread.Name = "ParameterThread"; parameterThread.Start(2000); }
3:在很多时候,我们遇到的情况是要传递多个参数,注意到ParameterizedThreadStart委托的参数类型是一个Object对象,为什么是Object这样的参数呢?很简单,因为在.net中Object是所有类型的基类。这样我们可以声明一个类,为这个类增加属性,这些属性也就是参数。
使用方法如下面的代码:
static void Main(string[] args) { Demo demo = new Demo(); ThreadParamter p = new ThreadParamter(2000,100); Thread multiParameterThread = new Thread(new ParameterizedThreadStart(demo.CustomerParamterRun)); multiParameterThread.Name = "MultiParameterThread"; multiParameterThread.Start(p); }
public class Demo { /// <summary> /// 带多个参数的启动方法 /// </summary> /// <param name="param"></param> public void CustomerParamterRun(object param) { if (param == null) return; ThreadParamter p = param as ThreadParamter; if (p != null) { for (int i = 0; i < p.LoopCount; i++) { Console.WriteLine(string.Format("当前线程:{0},当前系统时间为:{1}", Thread.CurrentThread.Name, DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"))); Thread.Sleep(p.Interval); } } } } public class ThreadParamter { public int Interval { get; set; } public int LoopCount { get; set; } public ThreadParamter() { } public ThreadParamter(int interval, int loopCount) { this.Interval = interval; this.LoopCount = loopCount; } }
4:在遇到业务非常复杂的时候,上面写法还是有问题,封装不够好,我们可以使用装饰模式,对上面的代码进行改进。这样业务发生改变的时候,我们只需要修改核心的实现部分,调用的方法可以不用做任何修改,而且调用方法的代码非常简洁。
修改后的代码如下:
static void Main(string[] args) { DecoratorThread t = new DecoratorThread(new ThreadParamter(2000, 100)); t.Start(); }
public class ThreadParamter { public int Interval { get; set; } public int LoopCount { get; set; } public ThreadParamter() { } public ThreadParamter(int interval, int loopCount) { this.Interval = interval; this.LoopCount = loopCount; } } /// <summary> /// 使用装饰模式来实现多个参数的 /// </summary> public class DecoratorThread { private ThreadParamter threadParamter; private Thread thread; public DecoratorThread(ThreadParamter threadParamter) { this.threadParamter = threadParamter; thread = new Thread(new ThreadStart(Run)); thread.Name = "DecoratorThread"; } public void Start() { if (thread != null) { thread.Start(); } } private void Run() { for (int i = 0; i < threadParamter.LoopCount; i++) { Console.WriteLine(string.Format("当前线程:{0},当前系统时间为:{1}", Thread.CurrentThread.Name, DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"))); Thread.Sleep(threadParamter.Interval); } } }