ubuntu18.04最小化安装

ubuntu 18.04虚拟机安装

镜像下载地址:

https://releases.ubuntu.com/18.04/ubuntu-18.04.6-live-server-amd64.iso

创建虚拟机[无特殊说明直接下一步]:

配置完成后启动该虚拟机

直接回车

键盘配置

安装SSH服务用于远程连接:

IP设置

配置第二块网卡ens34 :
方法和上面配置的一样,但是网段要改为规划的172

由于都是内网这里就不写网关了

两张网卡的配置:

这里直接回车 done 下一步

软件源:

修改为: http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu

磁盘分区

常规配置模式与LVM配置模式

正常配置的磁盘部署完成后通过df -h 显示的是
admin1@node03:~$ df -h
Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
udev            3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /dev
tmpfs           796M  1.2M  795M   1% /run
/dev/sda3        98G  6.0G   87G   7% /
tmpfs           3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs           5.0M     0  5.0M   0% /run/lock
tmpfs           3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda2       190M   79M   98M  45% /boot
tmpfs           796M     0  796M   0% /run/user/1000


LVM方式部署完成后通过df -h 显示的是:
Filesystem                         Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
udev                               3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /dev
tmpfs                              796M  1.3M  795M   1% /run
/dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv   98G  6.0G   87G   7% /
tmpfs                              3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                              5.0M     0  5.0M   0% /run/lock
tmpfs                              3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda2                          976M   80M  830M   9% /boot
tmpfs                              796M     0  796M   0% /run/user/1000


#LVM企业较为常用,它可以动态扩缩容

常规模式配置硬盘[常规与LVM两者二选一]

创建 boot 分区

创建根 分区

检查分区状态:

其他分区不用再做了,因为系统装好了自己就可以操作

LVM模式配置硬盘[常规与LVM两者二选一]

选择第一块磁盘 按 回车

结果如下:

选择done提交

配置主机名 用户 密码等信息 账号密码全部配置为admin1

openssh服务安装:

不安装无法通过xshell连接到服务器,这里选择安装

这里提示升级,可以选择取消升级,直接reboot,也可以等待升级完成再重启

升级完成直接选择reboot now 即可

到这 ubuntu就装好了

服务器优化

yum源优化必备软件包安装

#清华源网站
https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/help/ubuntu/
#清华ubuntu源 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/help/ubuntu/

---------------------------------粘贴到sources.list---------------------------------
# 默认注释了源码镜像以提高 apt update 速度,如有需要可自行取消注释
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
# 预发布软件源,不建议启用
# deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
---------------------------------粘贴到sources.list---------------------------------


#备份
cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list_bak
  
  
#新增配置 /etc/apt/sources.list
sudo su -
cat >>/etc/apt/sources.list<<EOF
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
EOF

#更新yum源
sudo apt-get update


#安装必备软件包
sudo apt install -y git openssh-server net-tools vim lrzsz wget tree screen lsof tcpdump sysstat net-tools


#命令补全工具安装
sudo apt-get install bash-completion

vim ~/.bashrc文件内容新增:
if  [ -f /etc/bash_completion ]; then
. /etc/bash_completion
fi

#让配置生效
source ~/.bashrc

允许root远程登录[可选]

sudo vim /etc/ssh/sshd_config
......
#PermitRootLogin prohibit-password
改成:
PermitRootLogin yes

Port 22  #可选 这里修改默认ssh端口号


#重启
systemctl restart sshd

#设置root密码:
passwd root

#测试
ssh root@192.168.3.103

防火墙优化

sudo ufw disable   # 关闭防火墙
sudo ufw enable     # 开启防火墙
sudo ufw status     # 查看防火墙当前状态


建议直接关闭防火墙
ufw disable

IP地址配置:

网卡配置和生效:
sudo vim /etc/netplan/00-installer-config.yaml
# This is the network config written by 'subiquity'
network:
  ethernets:
    ens33:              #修改ens33网卡IP
      addresses:
      - 192.168.3.100/24
      gateway4: 192.168.3.2
      nameservers:
        addresses:
        - 223.5.5.5
        search:
        - 223.6.6.6
    ens34:
      addresses:
      - 172.16.10.100/24   #修改ens34网卡IP
      nameservers:
        addresses:
        - 223.5.5.5
        search: []
  version: 2


#修改完毕后,
sudo netplan apply 

用户级别切换[可选]

# ubuntu18.04 切换文本模式或图形界面模式
sudo systemctl set-default multi-user.target  #默认进入字符界面
sudo systemctl set-default graphical.target   #默认进入图形界面

其他优化

sudo su -
cat >>/etc/security/limits.conf<<EOF
# 末尾添加如下内容
* soft nofile 655360
* hard nofile 131072
* soft nproc 655350
* hard nproc 655350
* soft memlock unlimited
* hard memlock unlimited
EOF
sysctl -p
posted @ 2021-10-09 14:47  陈雷雷  阅读(3071)  评论(1编辑  收藏  举报