ceph deploy部署ceph集群 ceph扩容 rbd存储
架构拓扑
| 节点主机 | 节点IP | 节点角色 | OS |
|---|---|---|---|
| ceph-admin | 10.0.0.60 | admin deploy mds | centos7 |
| ceph-node1 | 10.0.0.61 | mon osd mds | centos7 |
| ceph-node2 | 10.0.0.62 | mon osd mds | centos7 |
| ceph-node3 | 10.0.0.63 | mon osd mds | centos7 |
前期准备工作[所有ceph服务器都执行]
#基础优化
#1. yum源优化
rm -f /etc/yum.repos.d/*
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo
#2. selinux关闭
sed -i 's/enforcing/disabled/' /etc/selinux/config
setenforce 0
#3. 时间同步
echo '*/5 * * * * /usr/sbin/ntpdate -u ntp.api.bz' >>/var/spool/cron/root
systemctl restart crond.service
crontab -l
#4. 关闭swap分区
sed -ri 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab
swapoff -a
#5. 配置ceph源：
cat >/etc/yum.repos.d/ceph.repo<<eof
[ceph]
name=ceph
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ceph/rpm-nautilus/el7/noarch/
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1
[x86_64]
name=x86_64
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ceph/rpm-nautilus/el7/x86_64/
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1
eof
yum clean all
#6. 每台服务器多增加一块20G硬盘 磁盘扫描[用于发现新磁盘]
echo "- - -" > /sys/class/scsi_host/host0/scan
echo "- - -" > /sys/class/scsi_host/host1/scan
echo "- - -" > /sys/class/scsi_host/host2/scan
#7. 配置主机名
cat >/etc/hosts <<eof
10.0.0.60 admin ceph-admin
10.0.0.61 ceph01 ceph-node1
10.0.0.62 ceph02 ceph-node2
10.0.0.63 ceph03 ceph-node3
eof
#8. 设置各自主机名
hostnamectl set-hostname [主机名]
bash
#8. 配置互信：
ssh-keygen -f ~/.ssh/id_rsa -N ''
ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@ceph-admin
ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@ceph-node1
ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@ceph-node2
ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@ceph-node3
#验证[远程查看另一台服务器IP测试执行是否需要密码]：
[root@ceph-admin ~]# ssh 10.0.0.61 "ifconfig eth0"
eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 10.0.0.61 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 10.0.0.255
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe86:4512 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 00:0c:29:86:45:12 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 70680 bytes 98327829 (93.7 MiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 11931 bytes 1237409 (1.1 MiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
拷贝ceph源到其他服务器
cd /etc/yum.repos.d
scp * root@ceph-node1:/etc/yum.repos.d/
scp * root@ceph-node2:/etc/yum.repos.d/
scp * root@ceph-node3:/etc/yum.repos.d/
#9. 时间同步：
ceph-admin 作为时间服务器，其他服务器进行同步
9.1. ceph-admin配置：
yum install -y ntp
systemctl start ntpd
systemctl enable ntpd
timedatectl set-timezone Asia/Shanghai #时区设置为上海
9.2 设置为阿里云时间同步：
时间服务器配置[ceph-admin服务器作为时间服务器]：
找到：
server 0.centos.pool.ntp.org iburst
server 1.centos.pool.ntp.org iburst
server 2.centos.pool.ntp.org iburst
server 3.centos.pool.ntp.org iburst
修改为：
server ntp1.aliyun.com iburst
重启ntp：
systemctl restart ntpd
查看时间同步： ntpq -pn
[root@ceph-admin ~]# ntpq -pn
remote refid st t when poll reach delay offset jitter
==============================================================================
*120.25.115.20 10.137.53.7 2 u 1 64 1 36.838 5.072 0.622
其他服务器配置:
yum install -y ntp
systemctl start ntpd
systemctl enable ntpd
timedatectl set-timezone Asia/Shanghai #时区设置为上海
#sed修改：
sed -i '20,25s/^server.*/# &/' /etc/ntp.conf
sed -i "25iserver 10.0.0.60 iburst" /etc/ntp.conf
#重启服务：
systemctl restart ntpd
systemctl enable ntpd
ntpq -pn
#查看时间同步状态,检查是否与时间服务器同步时间：
[root@ceph-node1 ~]# ntpq -pn
remote refid st t when poll reach delay offset jitter
==============================================================================
*10.0.0.60 120.25.115.20 3 u 6 64 377 0.334 0.582 0.501
#出现 * 号 代表同步时间了
安装ceph [ceph-admin 节点]
[root@ceph-admin ~]# yum install -y python-setuptools ceph-deploy
[root@ceph-admin ~]# ceph-deploy --version
2.0.1 #<-------建议部署2.0版本以上，且只需要在部署节点安装
#创建目录，作为初始化目录
[root@ceph-admin ~]# mkdir /my-cluster
[root@ceph-admin ~]# cd /my-cluster
#配置monitor节点：
--public-network 10.0.0.0/24 ceph对外的外部网络
--cluster-network 10.0.0.0/24 ceph的内部网络
[root@ceph-admin my-cluster]# ceph-deploy new --public-network 10.0.0.0/24 --cluster-network 10.0.0.0/24 ceph-admin
[ceph_deploy.conf][DEBUG ] found configuration file at: /root/.cephdeploy.conf
[ceph_deploy.cli][INFO ] Invoked (2.0.1): /usr/bin/ceph-deploy new --public-network 10.0.0.0/24 --cluster-network 10.0.0.0/24 ceph-admin
[ceph_deploy.cli][INFO ] ceph-deploy options:
[ceph_deploy.cli][INFO ] username : None
[ceph_deploy.cli][INFO ] func : <function new at 0x14a3140>
[ceph_deploy.cli][INFO ] verbose : False
[ceph_deploy.cli][INFO ] overwrite_conf : False
[ceph_deploy.cli][INFO ] quiet : False
[ceph_deploy.cli][INFO ] cd_conf : <ceph_deploy.conf.cephdeploy.Conf instance at 0x15089e0>
[ceph_deploy.cli][INFO ] cluster : ceph
[ceph_deploy.cli][INFO ] ssh_copykey : True
[ceph_deploy.cli][INFO ] mon : ['ceph-admin']
[ceph_deploy.cli][INFO ] public_network : 10.0.0.0/24
[ceph_deploy.cli][INFO ] ceph_conf : None
[ceph_deploy.cli][INFO ] cluster_network : 10.0.0.0/24
[ceph_deploy.cli][INFO ] default_release : False
[ceph_deploy.cli][INFO ] fsid : None
[ceph_deploy.new][DEBUG ] Creating new cluster named ceph
[ceph_deploy.new][INFO ] making sure passwordless SSH succeeds
[ceph-admin][DEBUG ] connected to host: ceph-admin
[ceph-admin][DEBUG ] detect platform information from remote host
[ceph-admin][DEBUG ] detect machine type
[ceph-admin][DEBUG ] find the location of an executable
[ceph-admin][INFO ] Running command: /usr/sbin/ip link show
[ceph-admin][INFO ] Running command: /usr/sbin/ip addr show
[ceph-admin][DEBUG ] IP addresses found: [u'10.0.0.60']
[ceph_deploy.new][DEBUG ] Resolving host ceph-admin
[ceph_deploy.new][DEBUG ] Monitor ceph-admin at 10.0.0.60
[ceph_deploy.new][DEBUG ] Monitor initial members are ['ceph-admin']
[ceph_deploy.new][DEBUG ] Monitor addrs are [u'10.0.0.60']
[ceph_deploy.new][DEBUG ] Creating a random mon key...
[ceph_deploy.new][DEBUG ] Writing monitor keyring to ceph.mon.keyring...
[ceph_deploy.new][DEBUG ] Writing initial config to ceph.conf...
配置节点后生成了3个文件：
[root@ceph-admin my-cluster]# ll
total 12
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 256 Oct 10 00:21 ceph.conf # 配置文件
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3034 Oct 10 00:21 ceph-deploy-ceph.log # 日志文件
-rw------- 1 root root 73 Oct 10 00:21 ceph.mon.keyring # 密钥文件，作为身份验证
[root@ceph-admin my-cluster]# cat ceph.conf
[global]
fsid = ce3bead3-55ca-4b88-9dff-0c7dd4db1880
public_network = 10.0.0.0/24 #外部网络
cluster_network = 10.0.0.0/24 #内部网络
mon_initial_members = ceph-admin
mon_host = 10.0.0.60
auth_cluster_required = cephx
auth_service_required = cephx
auth_client_required = cephx
#手动安装节点避免更改源到国外导致安装失败:
# 安装必备软件包[每个节点都需要安装]：
yum install -y ceph ceph-mon ceph-mgr ceph-radosgw ceph-mds
#mon节点 初始化：
[root@ceph-admin my-cluster]# ceph-deploy mon create-initial
初始化结束后出现下面这些配置文件：
[root@ceph-admin my-cluster]# ll
total 44
-rw------- 1 root root 113 Oct 10 00:33 ceph.bootstrap-mds.keyring
-rw------- 1 root root 113 Oct 10 00:33 ceph.bootstrap-mgr.keyring
-rw------- 1 root root 113 Oct 10 00:33 ceph.bootstrap-osd.keyring
-rw------- 1 root root 113 Oct 10 00:33 ceph.bootstrap-rgw.keyring
-rw------- 1 root root 151 Oct 10 00:33 ceph.client.admin.keyring
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 256 Oct 10 00:21 ceph.conf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 16135 Oct 10 00:33 ceph-deploy-ceph.log
-rw------- 1 root root 73 Oct 10 00:21 ceph.mon.keyring
配置文件还需要推送到各个节点，所以需要进行推送：
[root@ceph-admin my-cluster]# ceph-deploy admin ceph-admin ceph-node1 ceph-node2 ceph-node3
#此时ceph基本配置完毕，通过ceph-s查看状态：
[root@ceph-admin my-cluster]# ceph -s
cluster:
id: ce3bead3-55ca-4b88-9dff-0c7dd4db1880
health: HEALTH_OK # cluster 配置完毕
services:
mon: 1 daemons, quorum ceph-admin (age 4m) #mon节点有一个
mgr: no daemons active #mgr还没有添加
osd: 0 osds: 0 up, 0 in #osd资源池暂持还没添加
data:
pools: 0 pools, 0 pgs
objects: 0 objects, 0 B
usage: 0 B used, 0 B / 0 B avail
pgs:
#配置manager监控节点[这个节点可以部署到ceph-admin也可以其他节点，这里部署到了node1]：
[root@ceph-admin my-cluster]# ceph-deploy mgr create ceph-node1
...
...
...
ceph-node1][DEBUG ] create path recursively if it doesn't exist
ceph-node1][INFO ] Running command: ceph --cluster ceph --name client.bootstrap-mgr --keyring /var/lib/cephbootstrap-mgr/ceph.keyring auth get-or-create mgr.ceph-node1 mon allow profile mgr osd allow * mds allow * - /var/lib/ceph/mgr/ceph-ceph-node1/keyring
ceph-node1][INFO ] Running command: systemctl enable ceph-mgr@ceph-node1
ceph-node1][WARNIN] Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/ceph-mgr.target.wants/ceph-mgr@ceph-node1.servie to /usr/lib/systemd/system/ceph-mgr@.service.
ceph-node1][INFO ] Running command: systemctl start ceph-mgr@ceph-node1 #执行日志
ceph-node1][INFO ] Running command: systemctl enable ceph.target
#部署完成mgr后进行检查：
[root@ceph-admin my-cluster]# ceph -s
cluster:
id: ce3bead3-55ca-4b88-9dff-0c7dd4db1880
health: HEALTH_WARN
OSD count 0 < osd_pool_default_size 3
services:
mon: 1 daemons, quorum ceph-admin (age 10m)
mgr: ceph-node1(active, since 79s) #<----- 这里可以看到 mgr部署到了 ceph-node1
osd: 0 osds: 0 up, 0 in
data:
pools: 0 pools, 0 pgs
objects: 0 objects, 0 B
usage: 0 B used, 0 B / 0 B avail
pgs:
#添加磁盘：
每台虚拟机加1块20G磁盘通过下面指令发现磁盘：
echo "- - -" > /sys/class/scsi_host/host0/scan
echo "- - -" > /sys/class/scsi_host/host1/scan
echo "- - -" > /sys/class/scsi_host/host2/scan
执行过程：
[root@ceph-admin my-cluster]# echo "- - -" > /sys/class/scsi_host/host0/scan
[root@ceph-admin my-cluster]# echo "- - -" > /sys/class/scsi_host/host1/scan
[root@ceph-admin my-cluster]# echo "- - -" > /sys/class/scsi_host/host2/scan
[root@ceph-admin my-cluster]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 20G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 200M 0 part /boot
└─sda2 8:2 0 19.8G 0 part
└─centos-root 253:0 0 19.8G 0 lvm /
sdb 8:16 0 20G 0 disk #新增磁盘
sr0 11:0 1 4.2G 0 rom
ceph-deploy osd create ceph-admin --data /dev/sdb
ceph-deploy osd create ceph-node1 --data /dev/sdb
ceph-deploy osd create ceph-node2 --data /dev/sdb
ceph-deploy osd create ceph-node3 --data /dev/sdb
4块磁盘加入进去后检查状态：
[root@ceph-admin my-cluster]# ceph -s
cluster:
id: ce3bead3-55ca-4b88-9dff-0c7dd4db1880
health: HEALTH_OK
services:
mon: 1 daemons, quorum ceph-admin (age 19m)
mgr: ceph-node1(active, since 10m)
osd: 4 osds: 4 up (since 4s), 4 in (since 4s)
data:
pools: 0 pools, 0 pgs
objects: 0 objects, 0 B
usage: 4.0 GiB used, 76 GiB / 80 GiB avail #刚好组成80G磁盘
pgs:
[root@ceph-admin my-cluster]# ceph osd tree
ID CLASS WEIGHT TYPE NAME STATUS REWEIGHT PRI-AFF
-1 0.07794 root default
-3 0.01949 host ceph-admin
0 hdd 0.01949 osd.0 up 1.00000 1.00000
-5 0.01949 host ceph-node1
1 hdd 0.01949 osd.1 up 1.00000 1.00000
-7 0.01949 host ceph-node2
2 hdd 0.01949 osd.2 up 1.00000 1.00000
-9 0.01949 host ceph-node3
3 hdd 0.01949 osd.3 up 1.00000 1.00000
#到这里一个基础得ceph集群已经部署完毕了，它包含了 1个管理节点 一个 mgr节点 4个osd节点
#mon节点扩容
注意：mon节点扩容以奇数为准进行扩容 1 3 5这样，所以要扩容则需要扩容两台，可以弄 node1 node2 配置为mon节点
[root@ceph-admin my-cluster]# ceph-deploy mon add ceph-node1 --address 10.0.0.61
[root@ceph-admin my-cluster]# ceph-deploy mon add ceph-node2 --address 10.0.0.62
[root@ceph-admin my-cluster]# ceph-deploy mon add ceph-node3 --address 10.0.0.63
检查：
[root@ceph-admin my-cluster]# ceph -s
cluster:
id: ce3bead3-55ca-4b88-9dff-0c7dd4db1880
health: HEALTH_OK
services:
mon: 3 daemons, quorum ceph-admin,ceph-node1,ceph-node2 (age 2s) #可以看到添加2个mon节点后，mon节点数量到达3
mgr: ceph-node1(active, since 21m) #mgr 只有一个，下面进行mgr扩容
osd: 4 osds: 4 up (since 10m), 4 in (since 10m)
data:
pools: 0 pools, 0 pgs
objects: 0 objects, 0 B
usage: 4.0 GiB used, 76 GiB / 80 GiB avail
pgs:
检查：
[root@ceph-admin my-cluster]# ceph mon stat
e4: 4 mons at {ceph-admin=[v2:10.0.0.60:3300/0,v1:10.0.0.60:6789/0],ceph-node1=[v2:10.0.0.61:3300/0,v1:10.0.0.61:6789/0],ceph-node2=[v2:10.0.0.62:3300/0,v1:10.0.0.62:6789/0],ceph-node3=[v2:10.0.0.63:3300/0,v1:10.0.0.63:6789/0]}, election epoch 16, leader 0 ceph-admin, quorum 0,1,2,3 ceph-admin,ceph-node1,ceph-node2,ceph-node3
检查：
[root@ceph-admin my-cluster]# ceph mon dump
dumped monmap epoch 4
epoch 4
fsid ce3bead3-55ca-4b88-9dff-0c7dd4db1880
last_changed 2020-10-10 01:10:00.536702
created 2020-10-10 00:33:06.013571
min_mon_release 14 (nautilus)
0: [v2:10.0.0.60:3300/0,v1:10.0.0.60:6789/0] mon.ceph-admin
1: [v2:10.0.0.61:3300/0,v1:10.0.0.61:6789/0] mon.ceph-node1
2: [v2:10.0.0.62:3300/0,v1:10.0.0.62:6789/0] mon.ceph-node2
3: [v2:10.0.0.63:3300/0,v1:10.0.0.63:6789/0] mon.ceph-node3
节点扩容会有仲裁阶段可以通过命令查看：
ceph quorum_status --format json-pretty
ceph quorum_status --format json-pretty|grep quorum_leader_name
#mgr节点扩容：
[root@ceph-admin my-cluster]# ceph-deploy mgr create ceph-node1 ceph-node2 ceph-node3
[root@ceph-admin my-cluster]# ceph -s
cluster:
id: ce3bead3-55ca-4b88-9dff-0c7dd4db1880
health: HEALTH_OK
services:
mon: 4 daemons, quorum ceph-admin,ceph-node1,ceph-node2,ceph-node3 (age 8m)
mgr: ceph-node1(active, since 36m), standbys: ceph-node2, ceph-node3 # 看到主从节点，node1是主节点，在node1异常，其他会顶替
osd: 4 osds: 4 up (since 25m), 4 in (since 25m)
data:
pools: 0 pools, 0 pgs
objects: 0 objects, 0 B
usage: 4.0 GiB used, 76 GiB / 80 GiB avail
pgs:
此时已经部署完毕了一套高可用集群
主要有 4个mon节点 3个mgr节点
ceph三大存储方式
块存储 [使用较多]：
#创建和使用块存储
#创建pool
通常在创建pool之前，需要覆盖默认的pg_num，官方推荐：
若少于5个OSD， 设置pg_num为128
5~10个OSD，设置pg_num为512
10~50个OSD，设置pg_num为4096
[为了演示扩容缩容num,这里设置为64，后续扩容改为128]
[root@ceph-admin my-cluster]# ceph osd pool create ceph-pool 64 64
pool 'ceph-pool' created
#查看：
[root@ceph-admin my-cluster]# ceph osd lspools #查看资源池
1 ceph-pool
[root@ceph-admin my-cluster]# ceph osd pool get ceph-pool pg_num #查看PG
pg_num: 64
[root@ceph-admin my-cluster]# ceph osd pool get ceph-pool pgp_num #查看PGP
pgp_num: 64
[root@ceph-admin my-cluster]# ceph osd pool get ceph-pool size #查看副本数
size: 3
[root@ceph-admin my-cluster]# ceph osd pool get ceph-pool crush_rule #查看股则
crush_rule: replicated_rule
扩容缩容：
[root@ceph-admin my-cluster]# ceph osd pool set ceph-pool size 2 #修改副本数为2个
set pool 1 size to 2
[root@ceph-admin my-cluster]# ceph osd pool get ceph-pool size #检查副本数
size: 2
[root@ceph-admin my-cluster]# ceph osd pool get ceph-pool pg_num #查看pg数
pg_num: 64
[root@ceph-admin my-cluster]# ceph osd pool set ceph-pool pg_num 128 #修改pg数 #修改了pg，同时也需要需改pgp，使得他们保持一致
set pool 1 pg_num to 128
[root@ceph-admin my-cluster]# ceph osd pool set ceph-pool pgp_num 128 #修改pgp数
set pool 1 pgp_num to 128
#设置pool大小 :
方式1：
[root@ceph-admin my-cluster]# rbd create -p ceph-pool --image rbd_test.img --size 10G #10G的pool
方式2：
rbd create ceph-pool/rbd_test1.img --size 10G
查看：
[root@ceph-admin my-cluster]# rbd -p ceph-pool ls
rbd_test.img
rbd_test1.img
[root@ceph-admin my-cluster]# rbd info ceph-pool/rbd_test.img #查看这个块设备得详细信息
rbd image 'rbd_test.img':
size 10 GiB in 2560 objects
order 22 (4 MiB objects)
snapshot_count: 0
id: 12c09e1a0dcd
block_name_prefix: rbd_data.12c09e1a0dcd
format: 2
features: layering, exclusive-lock, object-map, fast-diff, deep-flatten
op_features:
flags:
create_timestamp: Sat Oct 10 01:41:24 2020
access_timestamp: Sat Oct 10 01:41:24 2020
modify_timestamp: Sat Oct 10 01:41:24 2020
[root@ceph-admin my-cluster]# rbd info ceph-pool/rbd_test1.img #查看这个块设备得详细信息
rbd image 'rbd_test1.img':
size 10 GiB in 2560 objects
order 22 (4 MiB objects)
snapshot_count: 0
id: 12d0a7da2dfa
block_name_prefix: rbd_data.12d0a7da2dfa
format: 2
features: layering, exclusive-lock, object-map, fast-diff, deep-flatten #这些信息可以去除
op_features:
flags:
create_timestamp: Sat Oct 10 01:43:40 2020
access_timestamp: Sat Oct 10 01:43:40 2020
modify_timestamp: Sat Oct 10 01:43:40 2020
#去除features 信息：
rbd feature disable ceph-pool/rbd_test1.img deep-flatten
rbd feature disable ceph-pool/rbd_test1.img fast-diff
rbd feature disable ceph-pool/rbd_test1.img exclusive-lock
[root@ceph-admin my-cluster]# rbd info ceph-pool/rbd_test1.img
rbd image 'rbd_test1.img':
size 10 GiB in 2560 objects
order 22 (4 MiB objects)
snapshot_count: 0
id: 119d1e259330
block_name_prefix: rbd_data.119d1e259330
format: 2
features: layering #这里的信息已经清除了
op_features:
flags:
create_timestamp: Sun Oct 11 00:27:40 2020
access_timestamp: Sun Oct 11 00:27:40 2020
modify_timestamp: Sun Oct 11 00:27:40 2020
重点：
#### 注意 只有把features信息改为 layering 才可以去挂载这个设备
#挂载为块设备命令：
[root@ceph-admin my-cluster]# rbd map ceph-pool/rbd_test1.img
/dev/rbd0
[root@ceph-admin my-cluster]# rbd device list
id pool namespace image snap device
0 ceph-pool rbd_test1.img - /dev/rbd0
这样就已经将rbd_test1.img映射为了一个块设备，这个块设备是： /dev/rbd0
#有2个块设备，删除一个的方法：
[root@ceph-admin my-cluster]# rbd rm -p ceph-pool --image rbd_test1.img
Removing image: 100% complete...done.
检查：
[root@ceph-admin my-cluster]# rbd -p ceph-pool ls
rbd_test.img
# 如果在其他服务器映射过，可以在那台服务器执行取消；
rbd unmap /dev/rbd0
# 挂载块设备：
# 做了 映射为块设备这个步骤后，ceph就会在服务器上创建一个块设备硬盘：
# 它可以被当作一块普通硬盘来格式化使用
[root@ceph-admin my-cluster]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000aef55
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2048 411647 204800 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 411648 41943039 20765696 8e Linux LVM
Disk /dev/mapper/centos-root: 21.3 GB, 21260926976 bytes, 41525248 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/rbd0: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors ### 块设备硬盘，通过lsblk也能看到
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4194304 bytes / 4194304 bytes
创建好了块设备需要进行挂载，挂载方式如下：
本地挂载：
1. 格式化：
[root@ceph-admin my-cluster]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/rbd0 #格式化
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Discarding device blocks: done
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=1024 blocks, Stripe width=1024 blocks
655360 inodes, 2621440 blocks
131072 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=2151677952
80 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
#生产环境建议： resize2fs /dev/rbd0 进行格式化，这样不会格式化原有磁盘数据。
2. 挂载：
[root@ceph-admin my-cluster]# mkdir /rbd-demo #创建一个目录
[root@ceph-admin my-cluster]# mount /dev/rbd0 /rbd-demo #挂载到这个目录
[root@ceph-admin my-cluster]# df -h #检查
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root 20G 1.8G 19G 10% /
devtmpfs 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% /dev
tmpfs 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 2.0G 8.7M 2.0G 1% /run
tmpfs 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 197M 103M 95M 53% /boot
tmpfs 394M 0 394M 0% /run/user/0
/dev/rbd0 9.8G 37M 9.2G 1% /rbd-demo
3. 写入开机自动挂载：
3.1 找到UUID
[root@ceph-admin my-cluster]# blkid
/dev/sr0: UUID="2017-09-06-10-51-00-00" LABEL="CentOS 7 x86_64" TYPE="iso9660" PTTYPE="dos"
/dev/sda1: UUID="cb322c86-f37a-49e8-86a0-924d9b0c719e" TYPE="xfs"
/dev/sda2: UUID="4YLVja-jT6q-FphK-3E60-5Qde-Z3gw-zLpcYT" TYPE="LVM2_member"
/dev/mapper/centos-root: UUID="e3508edd-30c0-4e7d-9d8f-622c8dbd174e" TYPE="xfs"
/dev/rbd0: UUID="f7abce4f-6a51-4c65-bf89-99eec90869ec" TYPE="ext4"
3.2 写入fstab：
echo "UUID="f7abce4f-6a51-4c65-bf89-99eec90869ec" /rbd-demo xfs defaults 0 0" >>/etc/fstab
远程挂载：
如： ceph-client 需要挂载这个磁盘：
服务器操作：
rbd create ceph-pool/rbd_test2.img --size 5G
rbd pool init ceph-pool
ceph-deploy admin [ceph-client name] #ceph-client name指的客户端主机名,这里的主机名和IP需要在admin节点hosts文件中，否则会报错]
#执行后会生成一个 ceph.client.admin.keyring 文件，用于作为挂载服务器RBD凭据
客户端操作：
1. 安装ceph工具
yum install -y ceph-common
2. 获取ceph密钥
将服务器的 ceph.client.admin.keyring内容写入到客户机的该文件中，或者新建文件，将内容写入到文件中.
3， 执行映射块设备
rbd map ceph-pool/rbd_test1.img
取消这个映射可以执行： rbd unmap /dev/rbd0 [rbd0是相对于映射的设备而言，可能名称不一样]
4. 挂载到目录：
mkdir /root/rdb0 -p
resize2fs /dev/rbd0
mount /dev/rbd0 /root/rdb0
#扩容：
[root@ceph-client ~]# rbd resize ceph-pool/rbd_test1.img --size 15G
Resizing image: 100% complete...done.
检查大小变化：
[root@ceph-client ~]# df -Th
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/rbd0 ext4 9.8G 37M 9.2G 1% /root/rdb0 #大小10G 还没改变
执行格式化：
[root@ceph-client ~]# resize2fs /dev/rbd0 #不损耗数据的格式化
resize2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem at /dev/rbd0 is mounted on /root/rdb0; on-line resizing required
old_desc_blocks = 2, new_desc_blocks = 2
The filesystem on /dev/rbd0 is now 3932160 blocks long.
再次查看：
[root@ceph-client ~]# df -Th
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/rbd0 ext4 15G 41M 14G 1% /root/rdb0 # 已经增加了大小
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