DRF学习第一课

1.安装drf

pip3 install djangorestframework -i https://pypi.douban.com/simple

2.在settings.py的INSTALLED_APPS中添加’rest_framework’。

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    ...
    'rest_framework',
]

3，看完后继承的类，写的代码越少，当然灵活度也越低，根据实际情况使用，会记录几种方法的使用。

from rest_framework import serializers
#序列化的类
#第一种，原始继承
class UserSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
    user=serializers.CharField()
    password=serializers.CharField()
#第二种，继承ModelSerializer，相对简单
class UserSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model=User
        fields='__all__'

4，增删改查的继承

from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.generics import GenericAPIView
from rest_framework.response import Response
class UserView(APIView):
    

#所有数据  
class UserView(GenericAPIView):
    queryset=User.objects
    serializer_class=UserSerializer
    def get(self,request):
        #第一种：serializer=self.serializer_class(instance=self.queryset,many=True)
        #第二种：serializer=self.get_serializer_class()(instance=self.queryset,many=True)
        #第三种：
        #serializer=self.get_serializer(instance=self.queryset,many=True)
        serializer=self.get_serializer(instance=self.get_queryset(),many=True)
        return Response(serializer.data)
#单个数据
class UserDetailView(GenericAPIView):
    queryset=User.objects
    serializer_class=UserSerializer
    def get(self,request,pk):
        serializer=self.get_serializer(instance=self.get_object(),many=True)
        return Response(serializer.data)
    def put(self,request,pk):
        serializer=self.get_serializer(instance=self.get_object(),data=request.data)
        if serializer.is_valid():
            serializer.save()
            return Response(serializer.data)
        else:
            return Response(serializer.errors)
    def delete(self,request,pk):
        self.get_object().delete()
        return Response()
            
        

mixins混合类：

from rest_framework.mixins import CreateModelMixin,ListModelMixin,RetrieveModelMixin,UpdateModelMixin,DestroyModelMixin


#所有数据  
class UserView(GenericAPIView,ListModelMixin,CreateModelMixin):
    queryset=User.objects
    serializer_class=UserSerializer
    def get(self,request):
        return self.list(request)
    def post(self,request):
        return self.create(request)
#单个数据
class UserDetailView(GenericAPIView,RetrieveModelMixin,UpdateModelMixin,DestroyModelMixin):
    queryset=User.objects
    serializer_class=UserSerializer
    def get(self,request,pk):
        return self.retrieve(request,pk)
    def put(self,request,pk):
        return self.update(request,pk)
    def delete(self,request,pk):
        return self.destroy(request,pk)

在继承更简单的封装类，上面的DRF已经封装在ListCreateAPIView,RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView中了

from rest_framework.generics import ListCreateAPIView,RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView

#所有数据  
class UserView(ListCreateAPIView):
    queryset=User.objects
    serializer_class=UserSerializer
#单个数据
class UserDetailView(RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView):
    queryset=User.objects
    serializer_class=UserSerializer

继续优化，使用更简单的类。

#urls.py路由中
path('user',UserView.as_view({"get":"list","post":"create"})),
re_path('user/(?P<pk>\d+)',UserView.as_view({"get":"retrieve","put":"update","delete","detroy"})),

 

from rest_framework.viewsets import ViewSetMixin
class UserSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model=User
        fields='__all__'

class UserView(ViewSetMixin,APIView):
    def list(self,request):
        return
    def single(self,request):
        return
    def post(self,request):
        return
    def edit(self,request):
        return

最终版本优化,三行代码搞定：

from rest_framework.viewsets import ModelViewSet
class UserSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model=User
        fields='__all__'
    def validate_user(self,value):
        if value.endswith("py"):
            return value
        else:
            raise serializers.ValidationError("用户名名称结尾必须以py结尾！")
class UserView(ModelViewSet):
    queryset=User.objects
    serializer_class=UserSerializer

额，大概就这样，基础学完了