sqlmap用户手册

支持数据库（11种类别）：

                Mysql、Oracle、PostgreSQL, Microsoft SQL Server, Microsoft Access, IBM DB2, SQLite, Firebird, Sybase, SAP MaxDB 和 HSQLDB

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Sqlmap注入技术：

               1） 基于bool的盲注

               2） 基于时间的盲注

               3）基于错误的注入

               4）基于UNION查询注入

               5）堆查询注入

               6）out-of-band 带外

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 更新sqlmap

python sqlmap.py --update

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-v参数（需要配合其他参数一起使用）

0、只显示python错误以及严重的信息。

1、同时显示基本信息和警告信息。（默认）

2、同时显示debug信息。

3、同时显示注入的payload。

4、同时显示HTTP请求。

5、同时显示HTTP响应头。

6、同时显示HTTP响应页面。

 

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目标获取

需要测试的目标

1） 参数 -d

      功能：直接连接到数据库

      使用说明：直接连接到单数据库实例

      实例：

sqlmap  -v 2 -d "mysql://root:root@127.0.0.1:3306/security"  -f --banner  --dbs  --users

 

2)  参数-u URL

      功能：--url=URL   Target URL (e.g. "http://www.site.com/vuln.php?id=1")
      实例：

sqlmap -u "http://127.0.0.1/Less-1/?id=2" -f --banner --dbs --users

 

3） -l logfile参数

       功能：直接把Burp proxy或者WebScarab proxy中的日志直接倒出来交给sqlmap来一个一个检测是否有注入

 

4） 参数-x sitemapurl

      功能：参数为提供远程服务器sitemap文件，可能xml格式

 

5） 参数-m

      功能：从文本文件中读取多个目标文件进行扫描

 

6）参数-r  http/https请求文件

     功能：从文件中读取http请求，如果是https，需要配合参数--force-ssl 或主机端口中指明443端口

POST /sugg?ifc=4&em=4 HTTP/1.1
User-Agent: SogPSI
Host: s.wisdom.www.sog.com
Accept: */*
Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate
Proxy-Connection: Keep-Alive
Content-Length: 555
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded

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 7）参数-g

      功能：使用google搜索引擎提供的搜索结果GET参数并注入

sqlmap -g "inurl:\".php?id=1\""

 

8） 参数-c

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请求

  构造HTTP/HTTPS请求头

Request:
    These options can be used to specify how to connect to the target URL

    --method=METHOD     Force usage of given HTTP method (e.g. PUT)
    --data=DATA         Data string to be sent through POST
    --param-del=PARA..  Character used for splitting parameter values
    --cookie=COOKIE     HTTP Cookie header value
    --cookie-del=COO..  Character used for splitting cookie values
    --load-cookies=L..  File containing cookies in Netscape/wget format
         Ignore Set-Cookie header from response
    --user-agent=AGENT  HTTP User-Agent header value
    --random-agent      Use randomly selected HTTP User-Agent header value
    --host=HOST         HTTP Host header value
    --referer=REFERER   HTTP Referer header value
    -H HEADER, --hea..  Extra header (e.g. "X-Forwarded-For: 127.0.0.1")
    --headers=HEADERS   Extra headers (e.g. "Accept-Language: fr\nETag: 123")
    --auth-type=AUTH..  HTTP authentication type (Basic, Digest, NTLM or PKI)
    --auth-cred=AUTH..  HTTP authentication credentials (name:password)
    --auth-private=A..  HTTP authentication PEM private key file
    --ignore-401        Ignore HTTP Error 401 (Unauthorized)
    --proxy=PROXY       Use a proxy to connect to the target URL
    --proxy-cred=PRO..  Proxy authentication credentials (name:password)
    --proxy-file=PRO..  Load proxy list from a file
    --ignore-proxy      Ignore system default proxy settings
    --tor               Use Tor anonymity network
    --tor-port=TORPORT  Set Tor proxy port other than default
    --tor-type=TORTYPE  Set Tor proxy type (HTTP (default), SOCKS4 or SOCKS5)
    --check-tor         Check to see if Tor is used properly
    --delay=DELAY       Delay in seconds between each HTTP request
    --timeout=TIMEOUT   Seconds to wait before timeout connection (default 30)
    --retries=RETRIES   Retries when the connection timeouts (default 3)
    --randomize=RPARAM  Randomly change value for given parameter(s)
    --safe-url=SAFEURL  URL address to visit frequently during testing
    --safe-post=SAFE..  POST data to send to a safe URL
    --safe-req=SAFER..  Load safe HTTP request from a file
    --safe-freq=SAFE..  Test requests between two visits to a given safe URL
    --skip-urlencode    Skip URL encoding of payload data
    --csrf-token=CSR..  Parameter used to hold anti-CSRF token
    --csrf-url=CSRFURL  URL address to visit to extract anti-CSRF token
    --force-ssl         Force usage of SSL/HTTPS
    --hpp               Use HTTP parameter pollution method
    --eval=EVALCODE     Evaluate provided Python code before the request (e.g.
                        "import hashlib;id2=hashlib.md5(id).hexdigest()")

 1） 参数 --method

      功能：用于指定http请求方法，PUT，GET, POST

 

 2） 参数：--data

      适用范围：POST方法

      功能：对post方法中数据部分每个参数进行注入测试

      实例：

sqlmap  -u "http://10.1.20.4:8800"  --data="loginsubmit=true&refer=%2F&pwlevel=1&username=admin&userpass=70991d0ce4c6438a713c073535b93c18&rcode=bckL"  -f --banner --dbs

 

3) 参数：--param-del

     功能：指定http请求中data指明部分区分各个参数之间的分隔符(; || , &等）

     实例：

sqlmap  -u "http://10.1.20.4:8800"  --data="loginsubmit=true||refer=%2F||pwlevel=1||username=admin||userpass=70991d0ce4c6438a713c073535b93c18||rcode=bckL"  --param-del="||" -f --banner --dbs

 

4）参数http cookie：--cookie，--cookie-del，--load-cookies

     功能:主动测试cookies；被动测试web应用需要登陆的时候

     测试条件：当--level的参数设定为2或者2以上的时候，sqlmap会尝试注入Cookie参数

 

5）参数agent：--user-agent 和--random-agent

     功能： --user-agent 指定用户自定义的

              --random-agent 数据来源 txt/user-agents.txt，任意选择其中一个 Mozilla或Opera

 

6） 参数referer： --referer=REFERER

      功能：请求中伪造HTTP中的referer

      测试条件：当--level参数设定为3或者3以上的时候会尝试对referer注入

 

7） 参数 header：--headers

     -H HEADER, --hea.. Extra header (e.g. "X-Forwarded-For: 127.0.0.1") --headers=HEADERS Extra headers (e.g. "Accept-Language: fr\nETag: 123")

 

8） 参数：--auth-type、 --auth-cred、--auth-private、--ignore-401

  　　--auth-type=AUTH.. HTTP authentication type (Basic, Digest, NTLM or PKI)

  　　--auth-cred=AUTH.. HTTP authentication credentials (name:password)

  　　--auth-private=A.. HTTP authentication PEM private key file

 　　 --ignore-401 Ignore HTTP Error 401 (Unauthorized)

 

9） 参数--randomize

     功能：可以设定某一个参数值在每一次请求中随机的变化，长度和类型会与提供的初始值一样

 

10）参数 --skip-urlencode

     功能：根据参数位置，它的值默认将会被URL编码，但是有些时候后端的web服务器不遵守RFC标准，只接受不经过URL编码的值，这时候就需要用--skip-urlencode参数

 

11）参数：--eval

     功能：在有些时候，需要根据某个参数的变化，而修改另个一参数，才能形成正常的请求，这时可以用--eval参数在每次请求时根据所写python代码做完修改后请求

 

12） 参数：--safe-url, --safe-post, --safe-req and --safe-freq

     功能：

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优化

Optimization:
    These options can be used to optimize the performance of sqlmap

    -o                  Turn on all optimization switches
    --predict-output    Predict common queries output
    --keep-alive        Use persistent HTTP(s) connections
    --null-connection   Retrieve page length without actual HTTP response body
    --threads=THREADS   Max number of concurrent HTTP(s) requests (default 1)

 1）参数：-o

     功能：用于开启sqlmap开关，用于开启 --predict-output  、--keep-alive 、--null-connection

    说明：需要配合 --threads=3 、--keep-alive 、--null-connection 任何一个或多个使用

 

2） 参数 --predict-output

     功能：

     说明：这个开关是不兼容--threads 开关项

 

3） 参数 --keep-alive

      功能：保持长连接

      说明：不能同--proxy 参数一起使用

 

4） 参数：--null-connection

     功能：通过发送不含http body的用于检测http响应的大小，主要用于盲注中，用于sqlmap端节省带宽，提高注入检测速度

     说明：不兼容 --text-only参数项

 

5） 参数 --threads

      功能：主要应用在开启暴力爆破开关的情况下，并数据获取方式是通过任何sql盲注技术的情况下， 并发请求的最大数量被设置为10时，性能和站点可靠性的比较好

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Injection:
    These options can be used to specify which parameters to test for,
    provide custom injection payloads and optional tampering scripts

    -p TESTPARAMETER    Testable parameter(s)
    --skip=SKIP         Skip testing for given parameter(s)
    --skip-static       Skip testing parameters that not appear dynamic
    --dbms=DBMS         Force back-end DBMS to this value
    --dbms-cred=DBMS..  DBMS authentication credentials (user:password)
    --os=OS             Force back-end DBMS operating system to this value
    --invalid-bignum    Use big numbers for invalidating values
    --invalid-logical   Use logical operations for invalidating values
    --invalid-string    Use random strings for invalidating values
    --no-cast           Turn off payload casting mechanism
    --no-escape         Turn off string escaping mechanism
    --prefix=PREFIX     Injection payload prefix string
    --suffix=SUFFIX     Injection payload suffix string
    --tamper=TAMPER     Use given script(s) for tampering injection data

 

 

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  Detection:
    These options can be used to customize the detection phase

    --level=LEVEL       Level of tests to perform (1-5, default 1)
    --risk=RISK         Risk of tests to perform (1-3, default 1)
    --string=STRING     String to match when query is evaluated to True
    --not-string=NOT..  String to match when query is evaluated to False
    --regexp=REGEXP     Regexp to match when query is evaluated to True
    --code=CODE         HTTP code to match when query is evaluated to True
    --text-only         Compare pages based only on the textual content
    --titles            Compare pages based only on their titles

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  Techniques:
    These options can be used to tweak testing of specific SQL injection
    techniques

    --technique=TECH    SQL injection techniques to use (default "BEUSTQ")
    --time-sec=TIMESEC  Seconds to delay the DBMS response (default 5)
    --union-cols=UCOLS  Range of columns to test for UNION query SQL injection
    --union-char=UCHAR  Character to use for bruteforcing number of columns
    --union-from=UFROM  Table to use in FROM part of UNION query SQL injection
    --dns-domain=DNS..  Domain name used for DNS exfiltration attack
    --second-order=S..  Resulting page URL searched for second-order response

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  Fingerprint:
    -f, --fingerprint   Perform an extensive DBMS version fingerprint

 

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Enumeration:
    These options can be used to enumerate the back-end database
    management system information, structure and data contained in the
    tables. Moreover you can run your own SQL statements

    -a, --all           Retrieve everything
    -b, --banner        Retrieve DBMS banner
    --current-user      Retrieve DBMS current user
    --current-db        Retrieve DBMS current database
    --hostname          Retrieve DBMS server hostname
    --is-dba            Detect if the DBMS current user is DBA
    --users             Enumerate DBMS users
    --passwords         Enumerate DBMS users password hashes
    --privileges        Enumerate DBMS users privileges
    --roles             Enumerate DBMS users roles
    --dbs               Enumerate DBMS databases
    --tables            Enumerate DBMS database tables
    --columns           Enumerate DBMS database table columns
    --schema            Enumerate DBMS schema
    --count             Retrieve number of entries for table(s)
    --dump              Dump DBMS database table entries
    --dump-all          Dump all DBMS databases tables entries
    --search            Search column(s), table(s) and/or database name(s)
    --comments          Retrieve DBMS comments
    -D DB               DBMS database to enumerate
    -T TBL              DBMS database table(s) to enumerate
    -C COL              DBMS database table column(s) to enumerate
    -X EXCLUDECOL       DBMS database table column(s) to not enumerate
    -U USER             DBMS user to enumerate
    --exclude-sysdbs    Exclude DBMS system databases when enumerating tables
    --where=DUMPWHERE   Use WHERE condition while table dumping
    --start=LIMITSTART  First query output entry to retrieve
    --stop=LIMITSTOP    Last query output entry to retrieve
    --first=FIRSTCHAR   First query output word character to retrieve
    --last=LASTCHAR     Last query output word character to retrieve
    --sql-query=QUERY   SQL statement to be executed
    --sql-shell         Prompt for an interactive SQL shell
    --sql-file=SQLFILE  Execute SQL statements from given file(s)

 

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  Brute force:
    These options can be used to run brute force checks

    --common-tables     Check existence of common tables
    --common-columns    Check existence of common columns

 

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  User-defined function injection:
    These options can be used to create custom user-defined functions

    --udf-inject        Inject custom user-defined functions
    --shared-lib=SHLIB  Local path of the shared library

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  File system access:
    These options can be used to access the back-end database management
    system underlying file system

    --file-read=RFILE   Read a file from the back-end DBMS file system
    --file-write=WFILE  Write a local file on the back-end DBMS file system
    --file-dest=DFILE   Back-end DBMS absolute filepath to write to

 

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  Operating system access:
    These options can be used to access the back-end database management
    system underlying operating system

    --os-cmd=OSCMD      Execute an operating system command
    --os-shell          Prompt for an interactive operating system shell
    --os-pwn            Prompt for an OOB shell, Meterpreter or VNC
    --os-smbrelay       One click prompt for an OOB shell, Meterpreter or VNC
    --os-bof            Stored procedure buffer overflow exploitation
    --priv-esc          Database process user privilege escalation
    --msf-path=MSFPATH  Local path where Metasploit Framework is installed
    --tmp-path=TMPPATH  Remote absolute path of temporary files directory

 

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  Windows registry access:
    These options can be used to access the back-end database management
    system Windows registry

    --reg-read          Read a Windows registry key value
    --reg-add           Write a Windows registry key value data
    --reg-del           Delete a Windows registry key value
    --reg-key=REGKEY    Windows registry key
    --reg-value=REGVAL  Windows registry key value
    --reg-data=REGDATA  Windows registry key value data
    --reg-type=REGTYPE  Windows registry key value type

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  General:
    These options can be used to set some general working parameters

    -s SESSIONFILE      Load session from a stored (.sqlite) file
    -t TRAFFICFILE      Log all HTTP traffic into a textual file
    --batch             Never ask for user input, use the default behaviour
    --charset=CHARSET   Force character encoding used for data retrieval
    --crawl=CRAWLDEPTH  Crawl the website starting from the target URL
    --crawl-exclude=..  Regexp to exclude pages from crawling (e.g. "logout")
    --csv-del=CSVDEL    Delimiting character used in CSV output (default ",")
    --dump-format=DU..  Format of dumped data (CSV (default), HTML or SQLITE)
    --eta               Display for each output the estimated time of arrival
    --flush-session     Flush session files for current target
    --forms             Parse and test forms on target URL
    --fresh-queries     Ignore query results stored in session file
    --hex               Use DBMS hex function(s) for data retrieval
    --output-dir=OUT..  Custom output directory path
    --parse-errors      Parse and display DBMS error messages from responses
    --pivot-column=P..  Pivot column name
    --save              Save options to a configuration INI file
    --scope=SCOPE       Regexp to filter targets from provided proxy log
    --test-filter=TE..  Select tests by payloads and/or titles (e.g. ROW)
    --update            Update sqlmap

 

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  Miscellaneous:
    -z MNEMONICS        Use short mnemonics (e.g. "flu,bat,ban,tec=EU")
    --alert=ALERT       Run host OS command(s) when SQL injection is found
    --answers=ANSWERS   Set question answers (e.g. "quit=N,follow=N")
    --beep              Beep on question and/or when SQL injection is found
    --cleanup           Clean up the DBMS from sqlmap specific UDF and tables
    --dependencies      Check for missing (non-core) sqlmap dependencies
    --disable-coloring  Disable console output coloring
    --gpage=GOOGLEPAGE  Use Google dork results from specified page number
    --identify-waf      Make a thorough testing for a WAF/IPS/IDS protection
    --mobile            Imitate smartphone through HTTP User-Agent header
    --offline           Work in offline mode (only use session data)
    --page-rank         Display page rank (PR) for Google dork results
    --purge-output      Safely remove all content from output directory
    --smart             Conduct thorough tests only if positive heuristic(s)
    --sqlmap-shell      Prompt for an interactive sqlmap shell
    --wizard            Simple wizard interface for beginner users

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参考：

1  官网 http://sqlmap.org/

2  https://github.com/sqlmapproject/sqlmap/wiki/Usage