K8S-kubeadm部署
一.部署环境
master(2C/4G,cpu核心数要求大于2) 192.168.61.100 docker、kubeadm、kubelet、kubectl、flannel node01(2C/2G) 192.168.61.101 docker、kubeadm、kubelet、kubectl、flannel node02(2C/2G) 192.168.61.102 docker、kubeadm、kubelet、kubectl、flannel Harbor节点(hub.kgc.com) 192.168.61.10 docker、docker-compose、harbor-offline-v1.2.2 1、在所有节点上安装Docker和kubeadm 2、部署Kubernetes Master 3、部署容器网络插件 4、部署 Kubernetes Node,将节点加入Kubernetes集群中 5、部署 Dashboard Web 页面,可视化查看Kubernetes资源 6、部署 Harbor 私有仓库,存放镜像资源
二.环境准备
#所有节点,关闭防火墙规则,关闭selinux,关闭swap交换 systemctl stop firewalld systemctl disable firewalld setenforce 0 sed -i 's/enforcing/disabled/' /etc/selinux/config iptables -F && iptables -t nat -F && iptables -t mangle -F && iptables -X
swapoff -a #交换分区必须要关闭 sed -ri 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab #永久关闭swap分区,&符号在sed命令中代表上次匹配的结果
#加载 ip_vs 模块 for i in $(ls /usr/lib/modules/$(uname -r)/kernel/net/netfilter/ipvs|grep -o "^[^.]*");do echo $i; /sbin/modinfo -F filename $i >/dev/null 2>&1 && /sbin/modprobe $i;done
#修改主机名 hostnamectl set-hostname master01 hostnamectl set-hostname node01 hostnamectl set-hostname node02
#所有节点修改hosts文件 vim /etc/hosts 192.168.61.100 master01 192.168.61.101 node01 192.168.61.102 node02
#调整内核参数--优化 cat > /etc/sysctl.d/kubernetes.conf << EOF #开启网桥模式,可将网桥的流量传递给iptables链 net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables=1 net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables=1 #关闭ipv6协议 net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6=1 net.ipv4.ip_forward=1 EOF
#生效参数
sysctl --system
三.所有节点安装docker
yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2 yum-config-manager --add-repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo yum install -y docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io mkdir /etc/docker cat > /etc/docker/daemon.json <<EOF { "registry-mirrors": ["https://6ijb8ubo.mirror.aliyuncs.com"], "exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"], "log-driver": "json-file", "log-opts": { "max-size": "100m" } } EOF
#使用Systemd管理的Cgroup来进行资源控制与管理,因为相对Cgroupfs而言,Systemd限制CPU、内存等资源更加简单和成熟稳定。 #日志使用json-file格式类型存储,大小为100M,保存在/var/log/containers目录下,方便ELK等日志系统收集和管理日志。 systemctl daemon-reload systemctl restart docker.service systemctl enable docker.service docker info | grep "Cgroup Driver" Cgroup Driver: systemd
四.所有节点安装kubeadm,kubelet和kubectl
#定义kubernetes源 cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo << EOF [kubernetes] name=Kubernetes baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64 enabled=1 gpgcheck=0 repo_gpgcheck=0 gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg EOF yum install -y kubelet-1.20.11 kubeadm-1.20.11 kubectl-1.20.11 #开机自启kubelet systemctl enable kubelet.service #K8S通过kubeadm安装出来以后都是以Pod方式存在,即底层是以容器方式运行,所以kubelet必须设置开机自启
五.部署k8s集群
5.1准备文件
#查看初始化需要的镜像 kubeadm config images list #在 master 节点上传 v1.20.11.zip 压缩包至 /opt 目录 unzip v1.20.11.zip -d /opt/k8s cd /opt/k8s/v1.20.11 for i in $(ls *.tar); do docker load -i $i; done #复制镜像和脚本到 node 节点,并在 node 节点上执行脚本加载镜像文件 scp -r /opt/k8s root@node01:/opt scp -r /opt/k8s root@node02:/opt
5.2初始化kubeadm
方法一: kubeadm config print init-defaults > /opt/kubeadm-config.yaml cd /opt/ vim kubeadm-config.yaml ...... 11 localAPIEndpoint: 12 advertiseAddress: 192.168.61.100 #指定master节点的IP地址 13 bindPort: 6443 ...... 34 kubernetesVersion: v1.20.11 #指定kubernetes版本号 35 networking: 36 dnsDomain: cluster.local 37 podSubnet: "10.244.0.0/16" #指定pod网段,10.244.0.0/16用于匹配flannel默认网段 38 serviceSubnet: 10.96.0.0/16 #指定service网段 39 scheduler: {} #末尾再添加以下内容 --- apiVersion: kubeproxy.config.k8s.io/v1alpha1 kind: KubeProxyConfiguration mode: ipvs #把默认的kube-proxy调度方式改为ipvs模式 kubeadm init --config=kubeadm-config.yaml --upload-certs | tee kubeadm-init.log #--experimental-upload-certs 参数可以在后续执行加入节点时自动分发证书文件,K8S V1.16版本开始替换为 --upload-certs #tee kubeadm-init.log 用以输出日志 #查看 kubeadm-init 日志 less kubeadm-init.log #kubernetes配置文件目录 ls /etc/kubernetes/ #存放ca等证书和密码的目录 ls /etc/kubernetes/pki
方法二: kubeadm init \ --apiserver-advertise-address=192.168.61.100 \ --image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers \ --kubernetes-version=v1.20.11 \ --service-cidr=10.96.0.0/16 \ --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 \ --token-ttl=0 ############################################################################################ 初始化集群需使用kubeadm init命令,可以指定具体参数初始化,也可以指定配置文件初始化。 可选参数: --apiserver-advertise-address:apiserver通告给其他组件的IP地址,一般应该为Master节点的用于集群内部通信的IP地址,0.0.0.0表示节点上所有可用地址 --apiserver-bind-port:apiserver的监听端口,默认是6443 --cert-dir:通讯的ssl证书文件,默认/etc/kubernetes/pki --control-plane-endpoint:控制台平面的共享终端,可以是负载均衡的ip地址或者dns域名,高可用集群时需要添加 --image-repository:拉取镜像的镜像仓库,默认是k8s.gcr.io --kubernetes-version:指定kubernetes版本 --pod-network-cidr:pod资源的网段,需与pod网络插件的值设置一致。Flannel网络插件的默认为10.244.0.0/16,Calico插件的默认值为192.168.0.0/16; --service-cidr:service资源的网段 --service-dns-domain:service全域名的后缀,默认是cluster.local --token-ttl:默认token的有效期为24小时,如果不想过期,可以加上 --token-ttl=0 这个参数 ################################################################################################ 方法二初始化后需要修改 kube-proxy 的 configmap,开启 ipvs kubectl edit cm kube-proxy -n=kube-system 修改mode: ipvs 提示: ...... Your Kubernetes control-plane has initialized successfully! To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user: mkdir -p $HOME/.kube sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config Alternatively, if you are the root user, you can run: export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster. Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at: https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/ Then you can join any number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root: kubeadm join 192.168.61.100:6443 --token wfjo7j.baa0aheyw39w3m7h \ --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:77100ff66b20100cbd9f1c289788e43aee69c5b4e24cc2c74c2e5d634a074fdc
#在 node 节点上执行 kubeadm join 命令加入群集 kubeadm join 192.168.61.100:6443 --token rc0kfs.a1sfe3gl4dvopck5 \ --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:864fe553c812df2af262b406b707db68b0fd450dc08b34efb73dd5a4771d37a2
#所有节点部署网络插件flannel 方法一: #所有节点上传flannel镜像 flannel.tar 到 /opt 目录,master节点上传 kube-flannel.yml 文件 cd /opt docker load < flannel.tar #在 master 节点创建 flannel 资源 kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml 方法二: kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml
#在master节点查看节点状态 kubectl get nodes kubectl get pods -n kube-system //指定命名空间
#测试 pod 资源创建 kubectl create deployment nginx --image=nginx kubectl get pods -o wide NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES nginx-554b9c67f9-zr2xs 1/1 Running 0 14m 10.244.1.2 node01 <none> <none> #暴露端口提供服务 kubectl expose deployment nginx --port=80 --type=NodePort kubectl get svc NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 3h57m myapp-ky20 NodePort 10.96.56.120 <none> 80:32404/TCP 3s #测试访问 curl http://node01:32404 #扩展3个副本 kubectl scale deployment nginx --replicas=3 kubectl get pods -o wide NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES nginx-554b9c67f9-9kh4s 1/1 Running 0 66s 10.244.1.3 node01 <none> <none> nginx-554b9c67f9-rv77q 1/1 Running 0 66s 10.244.2.2 node02 <none> <none> nginx-554b9c67f9-zr2xs 1/1 Running 0 17m 10.244.1.2 node01 <none> <none>
六.部署Dashboard
#在 master01 节点上操作 #上传 recommended.yaml 文件到 /opt/k8s 目录中 cd /opt/k8s
vim recommended.yaml #默认Dashboard只能集群内部访问,修改Service为NodePort类型,暴露到外部: kind: Service apiVersion: v1 metadata: labels: k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard name: kubernetes-dashboard namespace: kubernetes-dashboard spec: ports: - port: 443 targetPort: 8443 nodePort: 30001 #添加 type: NodePort #添加 selector: k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard kubectl apply -f recommended.yaml #创建service account并绑定默认cluster-admin管理员集群角色 kubectl create serviceaccount dashboard-admin -n kube-system kubectl create clusterrolebinding dashboard-admin --clusterrole=cluster-admin --serviceaccount=kube-system:dashboard-admin kubectl describe secrets -n kube-system $(kubectl -n kube-system get secret | awk '/dashboard-admin/{print $1}') #使用输出的token登录Dashboard https://NodeIP:30001
七.安装Harbor私有仓库
#192.168.61.10修改主机名 hostnamectl set-hostname hub.suoluo.com
#所有节点加上主机名映射 echo '192.168.61.10 hub.suoluo.com' >> /etc/hosts
#安装 docker yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2 yum-config-manager --add-repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo yum install -y docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io mkdir /etc/docker cat > /etc/docker/daemon.json <<EOF { "registry-mirrors": ["https://6ijb8ubo.mirror.aliyuncs.com"], "exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"], "log-driver": "json-file", "log-opts": { "max-size": "100m" }, "insecure-registries": ["https://hub.kgc.com"] } EOF systemctl start docker //启动 systemctl enable docker //自启
#所有 node 节点都修改 docker 配置文件,加上私有仓库配置 cat > /etc/docker/daemon.json <<EOF { "registry-mirrors": ["https://6ijb8ubo.mirror.aliyuncs.com"], "exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"], "log-driver": "json-file", "log-opts": { "max-size": "100m" }, "insecure-registries": ["https://hub.suoluo.com"] } EOF systemctl daemon-reload systemctl restart docker
7.1安装Harbor
#上传 harbor-offline-installer-v1.2.2.tgz 和 docker-compose 文件到 /opt 目录 cd /opt cp docker-compose /usr/local/bin/ chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose tar zxvf harbor-offline-installer-v1.2.2.tgz cd harbor/ vim harbor.cfg hostname = hub.suoluo.com ui_url_protocol = https ssl_cert = /data/cert/server.crt //证书路径 ssl_cert_key = /data/cert/server.key //私钥路径 harbor_admin_password = Harbor12345 //admin密码
#生成证书的过程 mkdir -p /data/cert cd /data/cert #生成私钥 openssl genrsa -des3 -out server.key 2048 输入两遍密码:123456 #生成证书签名请求文件 openssl req -new -key server.key -out server.csr 输入私钥密码:123456 输入国家名:CN 输入省名:BJ 输入市名:BJ 输入组织名:KGC 输入机构名:KGC 输入域名:hub.suoluo.com 输入管理员邮箱:admin@suoluo.com 其它全部直接回车
#备份私钥 cp server.key server.key.org #清除私钥密码 openssl rsa -in server.key.org -out server.key 输入私钥密码:123456 #签名证书 openssl x509 -req -days 1000 -in server.csr -signkey server.key -out server.crt chmod +x /data/cert/* cd /opt/harbor/ ./install.sh
#登录harbor 在本地使用火狐浏览器访问:https://hub.suoluo.com 添加例外 -> 确认安全例外 用户名:admin 密码:Harbor12345
7.2node节点测试
#在一个node节点上登录harbor docker login -u admin -p Harbor12345 https://hub.kgc.com #上传镜像 docker tag nginx:latest hub.kgc.com/library/nginx:v1 docker push hub.kgc.com/library/nginx:v1 #在master节点上删除之前创建的nginx资源 kubectl delete deployment nginx kubectl create deployment nginx-deployment --image=hub.kgc.com/library/nginx:v1 --port=80 --replicas=3 kubectl expose deployment nginx-deployment --port=30000 --target-port=80 kubectl get svc,pods NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE service/kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 10m service/nginx-deployment ClusterIP 10.96.222.161 <none> 30000/TCP 3m15s NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE pod/nginx-deployment-77bcbfbfdc-bv5bz 1/1 Running 0 16s pod/nginx-deployment-77bcbfbfdc-fq8wr 1/1 Running 0 16s pod/nginx-deployment-77bcbfbfdc-xrg45 1/1 Running 0 3m39s yum install ipvsadm -y ipvsadm -Ln curl 10.96.222.161:30000 kubectl edit svc nginx-deployment 25 type: NodePort #把调度策略改成NodePort kubectl get svc NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE service/kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 29m service/nginx-deployment NodePort 10.96.222.161 <none> 30000:32340/TCP 22m 浏览器访问: 192.168.61.100:32340 192.168.61.101:32340 192.168.61.102:32340 #将cluster-admin角色权限授予用户system:anonymous kubectl create clusterrolebinding cluster-system-anonymous --clusterrole=cluster-admin --user=system:anonymous
7.3内核参数优化方案
cat > /etc/sysctl.d/kubernetes.conf <<EOF net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables=1 net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables=1 net.ipv4.ip_forward=1 net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle=0 vm.swappiness=0 #禁止使用 swap 空间,只有当系统内存不足(OOM)时才允许使用它 vm.overcommit_memory=1 #不检查物理内存是否够用 vm.panic_on_oom=0 #开启 OOM fs.inotify.max_user_instances=8192 fs.inotify.max_user_watches=1048576 fs.file-max=52706963 #指定最大文件句柄数 fs.nr_open=52706963 #仅4.4以上版本支持 net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6=1 net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_max=2310720 EOF