NoSQL（二）
redis介绍
1.aof存储的文件会越来越大，当文件很大时我们可以进行一次rdb存储原来的aof文件就可以删除了，因为aof就相当与mysql中的binlog文件会一致增长，当redis里面的key过期了，这个记录还在，所以当aof文件很大时应该做一次rdb存储。
redis安装
1.下载redis包
[root@centos-02 src]# wget http://download.redis.io/releases/redis-4.0.8.tar.gz --2018-03-26 22:05:06-- http://download.redis.io/releases/redis-4.0.8.tar.gz 正在解析主机 download.redis.io (download.redis.io)... 109.74.203.151 正在连接 download.redis.io (download.redis.io)|109.74.203.151|:80... 已连接。 已发出 HTTP 请求，正在等待回应... 200 OK 长度：1729973 (1.6M) [application/x-gzip] 正在保存至: “redis-4.0.8.tar.gz” 100%[===============================================>] 1,729,973 228KB/s 用时 7.8s 2018-03-26 22:05:16 (218 KB/s) - 已保存 “redis-4.0.8.tar.gz” [1729973/1729973]) [root@centos-02 src]#
2.解压并编译安装
[root@centos-02 src]# tar -zxvf redis-4.0.8.tar.gz [root@centos-02 src]# cd redis-4.0.8 [root@centos-02 redis-4.0.8]# make && make install
3.redis默认安装目录/usr/local/bin/
[root@centos-02 redis-4.0.8]# echo $? 0 [root@centos-02 redis-4.0.8]# which redis-cli /usr/local/bin/redis-cli [root@centos-02 redis-4.0.8]#
4.将配置文件拷贝到/ect/目录并将daemonize设置为yes，这样设置启动redis会自动在后台启动，这个终端不会被占用
[root@centos-02 redis-4.0.8]# [root@centos-02 redis-4.0.8]# cp redis.conf /etc/ [root@centos-02 redis-4.0.8]# vim /etc/redis.conf daemonize yes
logfile "/var/log/redis.log" （定义日志文件路径）
databases 16 （redis默认有16个库）
下面是设置rdb持久化的
save 900 1 九百秒发生了一次更改就会记录到磁盘去
save 300 10
save 60 10000
定义rdb文件放到什么位置，aof文件也会放到这里
dir /data/redis
开启aof
appendonly yes
aof文件名
appendfilename "appendonly.aof"
什么时候记录日志，默认是每一秒都会记录
appendfsync everysec
5.创建data/redis目录
[root@centos-02 redis-4.0.8]# mkdir -p /data/redis [root@centos-02 redis-4.0.8]#
6.启动redis
[root@centos-02 redis-4.0.8]# redis-server /etc/redis.conf [root@centos-02 redis-4.0.8]# ps aux|grep redis root 5691 1.5 0.7 145264 7464 ? Ssl 22:33 0:00 redis-server 127.0.0.1:6379 root 5696 0.0 0.0 112680 944 pts/0 R+ 22:34 0:00 grep --color=auto redi [root@centos-02 redis-4.0.8]#
7.查看redis日志
[root@centos-02 redis-4.0.8]# less /var/log/redis.log
5690:C 26 Mar 22:33:58.547 # oO0OoO0OoO0Oo Redis is starting oO0OoO0OoO0Oo
5690:C 26 Mar 22:33:58.549 # Redis version=4.0.8, bits=64, commit=00000000, modified=0, pid=5690, just started
5690:C 26 Mar 22:33:58.550 # Configuration loaded
5691:M 26 Mar 22:33:58.572 * Increased maximum number of open files to 10032 (it was originally set to 1024).
_._
_.-``__ ''-._
_.-`` `. `_. ''-._ Redis 4.0.8 (00000000/0) 64 bit
.-`` .-```. ```\/ _.,_ ''-._
( ' , .-` | `, ) Running in standalone mode
|`-._`-...-` __...-.``-._|'` _.-'| Port: 6379
| `-._ `._ / _.-' | PID: 5691
`-._ `-._ `-./ _.-' _.-'
|`-._`-._ `-.__.-' _.-'_.-'|
| `-._`-._ _.-'_.-' | http://redis.io
`-._ `-._`-.__.-'_.-' _.-'
|`-._`-._ `-.__.-' _.-'_.-'|
| `-._`-._ _.-'_.-' |
`-._ `-._`-.__.-'_.-' _.-'
`-._ `-.__.-' _.-'
`-._ _.-'
`-.__.-'
5691:M 26 Mar 22:33:58.588 # WARNING: The TCP backlog setting of 511 cannot be enforced b
ecause /proc/sys/net/core/somaxconn is set to the lower value of 128.
5691:M 26 Mar 22:33:58.588 # Server initialized
5691:M 26 Mar 22:33:58.589 # WARNING overcommit_memory is set to 0! Background save may f
ail under low memory condition. To fix this issue add 'vm.overcommit_memory = 1' to /etc/
sysctl.conf and then reboot or run the command 'sysctl vm.overcommit_memory=1' for this t
o take effect.
5691:M 26 Mar 22:33:58.590 # WARNING you have Transparent Huge Pages (THP) support enable
d in your kernel. This will create latency and memory usage issues with Redis. To fix thi
s issue run the command 'echo never > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled' as roo
t, and add it to your /etc/rc.local in order to retain the setting after a reboot. Redis
must be restarted after THP is disabled.
5691:M 26 Mar 22:33:58.590 * Ready to accept connections
8.日志有警告提示，我们下面修复下，在命令行执行
[root@centos-02 redis-4.0.8]# sysctl vm.overcommit_memory=1 vm.overcommit_memory = 1 [root@centos-02 redis-4.0.8]# echo never > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled [root@centos-02 redis-4.0.8]#
9.将这两条命令放到rc.local里，让系统一启动就执行
[root@centos-02 redis-4.0.8]# cat /etc/rc.local
#!/bin/bash
# THIS FILE IS ADDED FOR COMPATIBILITY PURPOSES
#
# It is highly advisable to create own systemd services or udev rules
# to run scripts during boot instead of using this file.
#
# In contrast to previous versions due to parallel execution during boot
# this script will NOT be run after all other services.
#
# Please note that you must run 'chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.local' to ensure
# that this script will be executed during boot.
touch /var/lock/subsys/local
sysctl vm.overcommit_memory=1
echo never > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled
[root@centos-02 redis-4.0.8]#
10.启动
[root@centos-02 redis-4.0.8]# redis-server /etc/redis.conf [root@centos-02 redis-4.0.8]#
redis持久化
1.关闭rdb持久化
[root@centos-02 redis-4.0.8]# vim /etc/redis.conf [root@centos-02 redis-4.0.8]# save "" #save 900 1 #save 300 10 #save 60 10000
2.数据恢复首选aof
redis数据类型
1.redis可以设置密码，当没有密码我们可以直接进入到redis
[root@centos-02 redis-4.0.8]# redis-cli 127.0.0.1:6379>
2.设置key，获取key的值
127.0.0.1:6379> set mykey "123" OK 127.0.0.1:6379> get mykey "123" 127.0.0.1:6379>
3.一次设置对个key，获取多个key
127.0.0.1:6379> mset k1 1 k2 2 k3 3 OK 127.0.0.1:6379> mget k1 k2 1) "1" 2) "2" 127.0.0.1:6379>
1.list中lpush往队列推数据
127.0.0.1:6379> lpush list1 "linux" (integer) 1 127.0.0.1:6379> lpush list1 "123" (integer) 2 127.0.0.1:6379> lpush list1 "aaa" (integer) 3 127.0.0.1:6379>
2.查看队列里面的值从0开始到最后一个
127.0.0.1:6379> lrange list1 0 -1 1) "aaa" 2) "123" 3) "linux" 127.0.0.1:6379>
3.用lpop取数据，取出来的数据就不在list里面了
127.0.0.1:6379> lpop list1 "aaa" 127.0.0.1:6379> lrange list1 0 -1 1) "123" 2) "linux" 127.0.0.1:6379>
1.向set1集合中添加a b c
127.0.0.1:6379> sadd set1 a (integer) 1 127.0.0.1:6379> sadd set1 b (integer) 1 127.0.0.1:6379> sadd set1 c (integer) 1 127.0.0.1:6379> smembers set1 1) "b" 2) "c" 3) "a" 127.0.0.1:6379>
2.向set2集合中添加a 1 2
127.0.0.1:6379> sadd set2 a (integer) 1 127.0.0.1:6379> sadd set2 1 (integer) 1 127.0.0.1:6379> sadd set2 2 (integer) 1 127.0.0.1:6379> smembers set2 1) "1" 2) "2" 3) "a" 127.0.0.1:6379>
3.sunion求set1和set2的并集
127.0.0.1:6379> sunion set1 set2 1) "c" 2) "a" 3) "b" 4) "1" 5) "2" 127.0.0.1:6379>
4.sinter求交集
127.0.0.1:6379> sinter set1 set2 1) "a" 127.0.0.1:6379>
5.sdiff求差集
127.0.0.1:6379> sdiff set1 set2 1) "b" 2) "c" 127.0.0.1:6379>
6.srem删除集合中的某个元素
127.0.0.1:6379> srem set1 a (integer) 1 127.0.0.1:6379> smembers set1 1) "b" 2) "c" 127.0.0.1:6379>
1.zadd添加有序集合，查看的时候发现按score正序排了
127.0.0.1:6379> 127.0.0.1:6379> zadd set3 12 abc (integer) 1 127.0.0.1:6379> zadd set3 2 aaa (integer) 1 127.0.0.1:6379> zadd set3 24 bbb (integer) 1 127.0.0.1:6379> zadd set3 4 ccc (integer) 1 127.0.0.1:6379> zrange set 3 0 -1 (error) ERR syntax error 127.0.0.1:6379> zrange set3 0 -1 1) "aaa" 2) "ccc" 3) "abc" 4) "bbb" 127.0.0.1:6379>
2.zrevrange按score倒序排
127.0.0.1:6379> zrevrange set3 0 -1 1) "bbb" 2) "abc" 3) "ccc" 4) "aaa" 127.0.0.1:6379>
1.设置hash
127.0.0.1:6379> 127.0.0.1:6379> hset hash1 name linux (integer) 1 127.0.0.1:6379> hset hash1 age 30 (integer) 1 127.0.0.1:6379> hset hash1 job it (integer) 1 127.0.0.1:6379>
2.获取hash1里面的属性的值
127.0.0.1:6379> hget hash1 name "linux" 127.0.0.1:6379> hget hash1 age "30" 127.0.0.1:6379> hget hash1 job "it" 127.0.0.1:6379>
3.获取全部的hash1的值，奇数行是key，偶数行是value
127.0.0.1:6379> hgetall hash1 1) "name" 2) "linux" 3) "age" 4) "30" 5) "job" 6) "it" 127.0.0.1:6379>
redis常用操作
1.set一个key1值为1，然后再set一个key1值为2，则前面的key1值会被覆盖掉
127.0.0.1:6379> set key1 1 OK 127.0.0.1:6379> set key1 2 OK 127.0.0.1:6379> get key1 "2" 127.0.0.1:6379>
2.当一个key存在我们用setnx时会返回0，key不存在时会返回1并插入数据成功
127.0.0.1:6379> setnx key1 aaa (integer) 0 127.0.0.1:6379> setnx key2 bbb (integer) 1 127.0.0.1:6379> get key2 "bbb" 127.0.0.1:6379>
3.set命令设置超时时间10秒过期，过期后返回nil
127.0.0.1:6379> set key3 ccc ex 10 OK 127.0.0.1:6379> get key3 "ccc" 127.0.0.1:6379> get key3 (nil) 127.0.0.1:6379>
4.setex设置超时时间为10秒，过期后返回nil
127.0.0.1:6379> setex key4 10 ddd OK 127.0.0.1:6379> get key4 "ddd" 127.0.0.1:6379> get key4 (nil) 127.0.0.1:6379>
5.lpush，从左边往list里推数据，返回值递增，当我们取数据的时候发现先进去的排在后面后进去的排在前面。
127.0.0.1:6379> lpush list2 aaa (integer) 1 127.0.0.1:6379> lpush list2 bbb (integer) 2 127.0.0.1:6379> lrange list2 0 -1 1) "bbb" 2) "aaa" 127.0.0.1:6379>
6.lpop先取出最后推进去的数据，从左侧取出一个元素（取出来列表中就没有数据了）
127.0.0.1:6379> lpop list2 "bbb" 127.0.0.1:6379>
7.rpush是从右边取出第一个数据
127.0.0.1:6379> rpop list2 "aaa" 127.0.0.1:6379>
1.linsert在123的前面插入bbb，在linux的后面插入xp
127.0.0.1:6379> lrange list1 0 -1 1) "aaa" 2) "123" 3) "linux" 127.0.0.1:6379> linsert list1 before 123 bbb (integer) 4 127.0.0.1:6379> linsert list1 after linux xp (integer) 5 127.0.0.1:6379> lrange list1 0 -1 1) "aaa" 2) "bbb" 3) "123" 4) "linux" 5) "xp" 127.0.0.1:6379>
2.lset把第一个值aaa修改为111
127.0.0.1:6379> lset list1 0 111 OK 127.0.0.1:6379> lrange list1 0 -1 1) "111" 2) "bbb" 3) "123" 4) "linux" 5) "xp" 127.0.0.1:6379>
3.lindex查看第一个元素，不弹出
127.0.0.1:6379> lindex list1 0 "111" 127.0.0.1:6379>
4.llen查看列表中有几个元素
127.0.0.1:6379> llen list1 (integer) 5 127.0.0.1:6379>
5.sadd向集合中插入数据，smembers查看集合中的元素
127.0.0.1:6379> sadd seta aaa (integer) 1 127.0.0.1:6379> sadd seta bbb (integer) 1 127.0.0.1:6379> smembers seta 1) "bbb" 2) "aaa" 127.0.0.1:6379>
6.srem删除元素aaa
127.0.0.1:6379> smembers seta 1) "bbb" 2) "aaa" 127.0.0.1:6379> srem seta aaa (integer) 1 127.0.0.1:6379> smembers seta 1) "bbb" 127.0.0.1:6379>
7.spop随机取出集合中一个元素，多个可以加数字 spop seta 1
127.0.0.1:6379> spop seta "bbb" 127.0.0.1:6379>
8.sdiff求差集，以前面的集合为主 seta
127.0.0.1:6379> sadd seta aaa (integer) 1 127.0.0.1:6379> sadd seta bbb (integer) 1 127.0.0.1:6379> sadd seta ccc (integer) 1 127.0.0.1:6379> sadd seta ddd (integer) 1 127.0.0.1:6379> sadd seta eee (integer) 1 127.0.0.1:6379> smembers seta 1) "bbb" 2) "ddd" 3) "ccc" 4) "aaa" 5) "eee" 127.0.0.1:6379> sadd setb 111 (integer) 1 127.0.0.1:6379> sadd setb 222 (integer) 1 127.0.0.1:6379> sadd setb 333 (integer) 1 127.0.0.1:6379> sadd setb 444 (integer) 1 127.0.0.1:6379> sadd setb 555 (integer) 1 127.0.0.1:6379> smembers setb 1) "111" 2) "222" 3) "333" 4) "444" 5) "555" 127.0.0.1:6379> 127.0.0.1:6379> sdiff seta setb 1) "bbb" 2) "ddd" 3) "aaa" 4) "ccc" 5) "eee" 127.0.0.1:6379>
9.sdiffstore求差集并且存储，存到setc中
127.0.0.1:6379> sdiffstore setc seta setb (integer) 5 127.0.0.1:6379> smembers setc 1) "bbb" 2) "ddd" 3) "aaa" 4) "ccc" 5) "eee" 127.0.0.1:6379>
10.sinter求seta setb的交集（也可以用sinterstore将交集存储到新的集合中）
127.0.0.1:6379> sinter seta setb (empty list or set) 127.0.0.1:6379>
11.sunion求并集（也可以用sunionstore将并集存储到新的集合中）
127.0.0.1:6379> sunion seta setb 1) "222" 2) "111" 3) "bbb" 4) "333" 5) "ddd" 6) "ccc" 7) "aaa" 8) "444" 9) "555" 10) "eee" 127.0.0.1:6379>
1.sismember判断一个元素是否在一个集合里，在返回1，不在返回0
127.0.0.1:6379> sismember seta aaa (integer) 1 127.0.0.1:6379>
2.srandmember随机取出几个元素，但不删除，类似与spop（spop取出元素后就没有了）
127.0.0.1:6379> srandmember seta 2 1) "ddd" 2) "aaa" 127.0.0.1:6379>
3.zadd创建有序集合，zrange查看集合元素默认按score正序排，可以带上分值
127.0.0.1:6379> zadd zseta 11 123 (integer) 1 127.0.0.1:6379> zadd zseta 1 111 (integer) 1 127.0.0.1:6379> zadd zseta 3 333 (integer) 1 127.0.0.1:6379> zrange zseta 0 -1 1) "111" 2) "333" 3) "123" 127.0.0.1:6379>
4.删除某个元素
127.0.0.1:6379> zrem zseta 123 (integer) 1 127.0.0.1:6379> zrange zseta 0 -1 1) "111" 2) "333" 127.0.0.1:6379>
5.zrank返回元素的索引值，索引值从0开始，按score正向排序
127.0.0.1:6379> zrank zseta 333 (integer) 1 127.0.0.1:6379>
6.zrevrank和zrank相反，按score反序排序
127.0.0.1:6379> zrevrank zseta 333 (integer) 0 127.0.0.1:6379>
7.zrevrange反序显示所有元素并带分值和zrange相反
127.0.0.1:6379> zrevrange zseta 0 -1 1) "333" 2) "111" 127.0.0.1:6379>
8.zcard返回集合中所有元素的个数
127.0.0.1:6379> zcard zseta (integer) 2 127.0.0.1:6379>
9.zcount返回分值（10-100）范围元素的个数
127.0.0.1:6379> zcount zseta 10 100 (integer) 0 127.0.0.1:6379> zcount zseta 1 100 (integer) 2 127.0.0.1:6379>
10.zrangebyscore返回分值范围的元素
127.0.0.1:6379> zrangebyscore zseta 1 100 1) "111" 2) "333" 127.0.0.1:6379>
11.zremrangebyrank删除索引范围0-2的元素
127.0.0.1:6379> zremrangebyrank zseta 0 2 (integer) 2 127.0.0.1:6379>
12.删除分值范围0-2的元素
127.0.0.1:6379> zremrangebyscore zseta 0 2 (integer) 0 127.0.0.1:6379>
1.hmset批量建立元素键值对，hgetall获取所有的键值，奇数为键，偶数为值
127.0.0.1:6379> hmset hash2 a 1 b 2 c 3 d 4 OK 127.0.0.1:6379> hgetall hash2 1) "a" 2) "1" 3) "b" 4) "2" 5) "c" 6) "3" 7) "d" 8) "4" 127.0.0.1:6379>
2.hmget批量获取键的值
127.0.0.1:6379> hmget hash2 a 1) "1" 127.0.0.1:6379> hmget hash2 b c 1) "2" 2) "3" 127.0.0.1:6379>
3.hdel删除指定的filed
127.0.0.1:6379> hdel hash2 a (integer) 1 127.0.0.1:6379> hgetall hash2 1) "b" 2) "2" 3) "c" 4) "3" 5) "d" 6) "4" 127.0.0.1:6379>
4.hkeys打印所有的key
127.0.0.1:6379> hkeys hash2 1) "b" 2) "c" 3) "d" 127.0.0.1:6379>
5.hvals打印所有的值
127.0.0.1:6379> hvals hash2 1) "2" 2) "3" 3) "4" 127.0.0.1:6379>
6.查看hash有几个filed
127.0.0.1:6379> hlen hash2 (integer) 3 127.0.0.1:6379>
redis操作键值
1.keys *取出redis中所有的key
127.0.0.1:6379> keys * 1) "setb" 2) "seta" 3) "mykey" 4) "k1" 5) "k3" 6) "setc" 7) "hash2" 8) "key1" 9) "set1" 10) "key2" 11) "k2" 12) "hash1" 13) "list1" 14) "set2" 15) "set3" 127.0.0.1:6379>
2.keys支持模糊匹配
127.0.0.1:6379> keys my* 1) "mykey" 127.0.0.1:6379>
3.exists查看键是否存在，存在返回1不存在返回0
127.0.0.1:6379> exists mykey (integer) 1 127.0.0.1:6379> exists mykey1 (integer) 0 127.0.0.1:6379>
4.del删除一个key，成功返回1
127.0.0.1:6379> del k1 (integer) 1 127.0.0.1:6379> keys * 1) "setb" 2) "seta" 3) "mykey" 4) "k3" 5) "setc" 6) "hash2" 7) "key1" 8) "set1" 9) "key2" 10) "k2" 11) "hash1" 12) "list1" 13) "set2" 14) "set3" 127.0.0.1:6379>
5.expire设置key多长时间过期
127.0.0.1:6379> expire k2 10 (integer) 1 127.0.0.1:6379> keys * 1) "setb" 2) "seta" 3) "mykey" 4) "k3" 5) "setc" 6) "hash2" 7) "key1" 8) "set1" 9) "key2" 10) "k2" 11) "hash1" 12) "list1" 13) "set2" 14) "set3" 127.0.0.1:6379> keys * 1) "setb" 2) "seta" 3) "mykey" 4) "k3" 5) "setc" 6) "hash2" 7) "key1" 8) "set1" 9) "key2" 10) "hash1" 11) "list1" 12) "set2" 13) "set3" 127.0.0.1:6379>
6.ttl设置查看key还有多长时间过期，到key过期了ttl执行的结果返回-2，当key存在但没有设置过期时间ttl返回-1
127.0.0.1:6379> get k3 "3" 127.0.0.1:6379> expire k3 10 (integer) 1 127.0.0.1:6379> ttl k3 (integer) 6 127.0.0.1:6379> ttl k3 (integer) 5 127.0.0.1:6379> ttl k3 (integer) -2 127.0.0.1:6379> get k3 (nil) 127.0.0.1:6379>
127.0.0.1:6379> ttl key1 (integer) -1 127.0.0.1:6379>
7.redis默认的库在0下面，一共有16个库，当我们选择1库是发现下面没有key
127.0.0.1:6379> select 1 OK 127.0.0.1:6379[1]> keys * (empty list or set) 127.0.0.1:6379[1]>
8.move将0库中的键set2移动到1库中
127.0.0.1:6379> move set2 1 (integer) 1 127.0.0.1:6379> select 1 OK 127.0.0.1:6379[1]> keys * 1) "set2" 127.0.0.1:6379[1]>
9.expire取消key的过期时间，成功返回1
127.0.0.1:6379> expire key1 1000 (integer) 1 127.0.0.1:6379> ttl key1 (integer) 994 127.0.0.1:6379> ttl key1 (integer) 990 127.0.0.1:6379> persist key1 (integer) 1 127.0.0.1:6379> ttl key1 (integer) -1 127.0.0.1:6379>
10.randomkey随机返回一个key
127.0.0.1:6379> randomkey "list1" 127.0.0.1:6379> randomkey "key1" 127.0.0.1:6379>
11.rename将key重命名
127.0.0.1:6379> keys * 1) "setb" 2) "seta" 3) "mykey" 4) "setc" 5) "hash2" 6) "key1" 7) "set1" 8) "key2" 9) "hash1" 10) "list1" 11) "set3" 127.0.0.1:6379> rename set3 set2 OK 127.0.0.1:6379> keys set* 1) "setb" 2) "seta" 3) "setc" 4) "set1" 5) "set2" 127.0.0.1:6379>
12.type返回key的类型
127.0.0.1:6379> type set2 zset 127.0.0.1:6379> type key1 string 127.0.0.1:6379> type list1 list 127.0.0.1:6379>
1.dbsize返回当前数据库中key的数目
127.0.0.1:6379> dbsize (integer) 11 127.0.0.1:6379>
2.info返回redis服务器状态信息
127.0.0.1:6379> info # Server redis_version:4.0.8 redis_git_sha1:00000000 redis_git_dirty:0 redis_build_id:1e69ef108354b3c7 redis_mode:standalone os:Linux 3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64 x86_64 arch_bits:64 multiplexing_api:epoll atomicvar_api:atomic-builtin gcc_version:4.8.5 process_id:5691 run_id:e0d06093b5cd94da20afe518283fb7643e82b0b6 tcp_port:6379 uptime_in_seconds:171939 uptime_in_days:1 hz:10 lru_clock:12297337 executable:/usr/local/src/redis-4.0.8/redis-server config_file:/etc/redis.conf # Clients connected_clients:1 client_longest_output_list:0 client_biggest_input_buf:0 blocked_clients:0 # Memory used_memory:829776 used_memory_human:810.33K used_memory_rss:7892992 used_memory_rss_human:7.53M used_memory_peak:829776 used_memory_peak_human:810.33K used_memory_peak_perc:100.09% used_memory_overhead:815974 used_memory_startup:765672 used_memory_dataset:13802 used_memory_dataset_perc:21.53% total_system_memory:1023934464 total_system_memory_human:976.50M used_memory_lua:37888 used_memory_lua_human:37.00K maxmemory:0 maxmemory_human:0B maxmemory_policy:noeviction mem_fragmentation_ratio:9.51 mem_allocator:jemalloc-4.0.3 active_defrag_running:0 lazyfree_pending_objects:0 # Persistence loading:0 rdb_changes_since_last_save:0 rdb_bgsave_in_progress:0 rdb_last_save_time:1522245386 rdb_last_bgsave_status:ok rdb_last_bgsave_time_sec:0 rdb_current_bgsave_time_sec:-1 rdb_last_cow_size:2387968 aof_enabled:1 aof_rewrite_in_progress:0 aof_rewrite_scheduled:0 aof_last_rewrite_time_sec:-1 aof_current_rewrite_time_sec:-1 aof_last_bgrewrite_status:ok aof_last_write_status:ok aof_last_cow_size:0 aof_current_size:2826 aof_base_size:0 aof_pending_rewrite:0 aof_buffer_length:0 aof_rewrite_buffer_length:0 aof_pending_bio_fsync:0 aof_delayed_fsync:0 # Stats total_connections_received:3 total_commands_processed:193 instantaneous_ops_per_sec:0 total_net_input_bytes:6284 total_net_output_bytes:34691 instantaneous_input_kbps:0.00 instantaneous_output_kbps:0.00 rejected_connections:0 sync_full:0 sync_partial_ok:0 sync_partial_err:0 expired_keys:4 evicted_keys:0 keyspace_hits:81 keyspace_misses:9 pubsub_channels:0 pubsub_patterns:0 latest_fork_usec:2257 migrate_cached_sockets:0 slave_expires_tracked_keys:0 active_defrag_hits:0 active_defrag_misses:0 active_defrag_key_hits:0 active_defrag_key_misses:0 # Replication role:master connected_slaves:0 master_replid:6dd6f7728411ff03e2f2ee30fb0df078b1c5d013 master_replid2:0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 master_repl_offset:0 second_repl_offset:-1 repl_backlog_active:0 repl_backlog_size:1048576 repl_backlog_first_byte_offset:0 repl_backlog_histlen:0 # CPU used_cpu_sys:53.70 used_cpu_user:171.24 used_cpu_sys_children:1.04 used_cpu_user_children:0.06 # Cluster cluster_enabled:0 # Keyspace db0:keys=11,expires=0,avg_ttl=0 db1:keys=1,expires=0,avg_ttl=0 127.0.0.1:6379>
3.flushdb清空当前数据库中所有的key，flushall清空所有数据库中的key
127.0.0.1:6379> select 1 OK 127.0.0.1:6379[1]> keys * 1) "set2" 127.0.0.1:6379[1]> flushdb OK 127.0.0.1:6379[1]> keys * (empty list or set) 127.0.0.1:6379[1]>
4.bgsave保存文件到rdb文件中，在后台运行 save作用通上，但是在前台运行
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> bgsave Background saving started 127.0.0.1:6379[1]> save OK 127.0.0.1:6379[1]>
5.config get * 获取所有配置参数，奇数是名字偶数是值。
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> config get * 1) "dbfilename" 2) "dump.rdb" 3) "requirepass" 4) "" 5) "masterauth" 6) "" 7) "cluster-announce-ip" 8) "" 9) "unixsocket" 10) "" 11) "logfile" 12) "/var/log/redis.log"
6.config get logfile 单独获取某个名字的值
127.0.0.1:6379> config get logfile 1) "logfile" 2) "/var/log/redis.log" 127.0.0.1:6379>
7.config set timeout 设置某个名字的值
127.0.0.1:6379> config get timeout 1) "timeout" 2) "0" 127.0.0.1:6379> config set timeout 100 OK 127.0.0.1:6379> config get timeout 1) "timeout" 2) "100" 127.0.0.1:6379>
8.数据恢复，首先确定dir目录和dbfilename文件，然后把备份的rdb文件放到dir目录下，重启redis服务就可以恢复了
127.0.0.1:6379> config get dir 1) "dir" 2) "/data/redis" 127.0.0.1:6379> config get dbfilename 1) "dbfilename" 2) "dump.rdb" 127.0.0.1:6379>
redis安全设置
1.redis怎么被黑的呢
redis服务器启动了，结果监听了一个全网ip，如果你的服务器没有做iptables规则，6379端口没有限制
，公网ip也开放着，这样的话用户就可以远程链接你的服务器，没有设置密码直接链接redis相当于获得
了一个超级管理员的权限，这时候就可以设定
dir=/root/.ssh/authorized_keys,dbfilename=authorized_keys (dir目录设置成了存放公钥的文件路径了，原来文件
dir=/data/redis,dbfilename=dump.rdb)，黑客存了一个key一个value，这个value就是黑客的公钥，这样公钥就放到/root/.ssh/authorized_keys中了，然后他就可以登录服务器了
2.怎么解决这个问题呢？
设置一个密码，监听内网ip，加防火墙，以普通用户的身份启动redis
3.设置redis密码
[root@centos-02 ~]# vim /etc/redis.conf [root@centos-02 ~]# requirepass root
4.重启redis服务测试发现redis命令不能用了
[root@centos-02 ~]# killall redis-server [root@centos-02 ~]# redis-server /etc/redis.conf [root@centos-02 ~]# redis-cli 127.0.0.1:6379> keys * (error) NOAUTH Authentication required. 127.0.0.1:6379>
5.用密码登录，这样就可以了
[root@centos-02 ~]# redis-cli -a 'root' 127.0.0.1:6379> keys * 1) "hash2" 2) "set1" 3) "set2" 4) "seta" 5) "key2" 6) "hash1" 7) "setb" 8) "setc" 9) "key1" 10) "list1" 11) "mykey" 127.0.0.1:6379>
6.将config命令改名字，这样即使黑客登录了也猜不到config的名字，反而用改后的config命令就可以
[root@centos-02 ~]# vim /etc/redis.conf [root@centos-02 ~]# rename-command CONFIG b840fc02d524045429941cc15f59e41cb7be6c52
[root@centos-02 ~]# killall redis-server [root@centos-02 ~]# redis-server /etc/redis.conf [root@centos-02 ~]# !redis-cli redis-cli -a 'root' 127.0.0.1:6379> config get dir (error) ERR unknown command 'config' 127.0.0.1:6379> b840fc02d524045429941cc15f59e41cb7be6c52 get dir 1) "dir" 2) "/data/redis" 127.0.0.1:6379>
7.也可以直接禁掉config命令
[root@centos-02 ~]# vim /etc/redis.conf [root@centos-02 ~]# rename-command CONFIG ""
redis慢查询日志
1.可以配置慢查询日志的执行时间和日志的长度
slowlog-log-slower-than 10000 slowlog-max-len 128
2.列出所有慢查询日志
127.0.0.1:6379> SLOWLOG get (empty list or set) 127.0.0.1:6379>
3.只列出两条
127.0.0.1:6379> SLOWLOG get 2 (empty list or set) 127.0.0.1:6379>
4.查看慢查询日志条数
127.0.0.1:6379> slowlog len (integer) 0 127.0.0.1:6379>
php安装redis扩展模块
1.下载phpredis， 编译安装
[root@centos-02 src]# wget https://github.com/phpredis/phpredis/archive/develop.zip [root@centos-02 src]# ls develop.zip jdk-8u161-linux-x64.tar.gz package.xml elasticsearch-6.2.2 memcache-2.2.3 redis-4.0.8 elasticsearch-6.2.2.tar.gz memcache-2.2.3.tgz redis-4.0.8.tar.gz [root@centos-02 src]# unzip develop.zip [root@centos-02 src]# cd phpredis-develop/ [root@centos-02 phpredis-develop]# /usr/bin/phpize （如果是nginx phpize文件可能在为/usr/local/php-fpm/bin/phpize，我这里用yum安装的） Configuring for: PHP Api Version: 20100412 Zend Module Api No: 20100525 Zend Extension Api No: 220100525 [root@centos-02 phpredis-develop]# [root@centos-02 phpredis-develop]# ./configure --with-php-config=/usr/bin/php-config [root@centos-02 phpredis-develop]# make && make install
2.编辑php.ini加载phpredis模块，重启httpd
[root@centos-02 /]# vim /etc/php.ini [root@centos-02 /]# extension=memcache.so extension=redis.so [root@centos-02 /]# /usr/bin/php -m|grep redis redis [root@centos-02 /]# [root@centos-02 /]# systemctl restart httpd （如果装的是php-fpm需要重启 /etc/init.d/php-fpm restart） [root@centos-02 /]#
redis存储session
1.编辑httpd.conf文件添加session保存到redis配置
[root@centos-02 /]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf (如果是php-fpm编辑vim /usr/local/php-fpm/etc/php-fpm.d/xxx.conf
添加php_value[session.save_handler]=redis php_value[session.save_path]=" tcp://127.0.0.1:6379 ") [root@centos-02 /]# <Directory "/var/www/html"> # # Possible values for the Options directive are "None", "All", # or any combination of: # Indexes Includes FollowSymLinks SymLinksifOwnerMatch ExecCGI MultiViews # # Note that "MultiViews" must be named *explicitly* --- "Options All" # doesn't give it to you. # # The Options directive is both complicated and important. Please see # http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/mod/core.html#options # for more information. # Options Indexes FollowSymLinks # # AllowOverride controls what directives may be placed in .htaccess files. # It can be "All", "None", or any combination of the keywords: # Options FileInfo AuthConfig Limit # AllowOverride None # # Controls who can get stuff from this server. # Require all granted # php_value session.save_handler "memcache" # php_value session.save_path "tcp://192.168.133.88:11211" php_value session.save_handler "redis" php_value session.save_path "tcp://127.0.0.0:6379" </Directory>
2.重启httpd（如果是php-fpm重启/etc/init.d/php-fpm restart）
[root@centos-02 /]# systemctl restart httpd [root@centos-02 /]#
1.测试
[root@centos-02 /]# cd /var/www/html/
[root@centos-02 html]#
[root@centos-02 html]# cat 1.php
<?php
session_start();
if (!isset($_SESSION['TEST'])) {
$_SESSION['TEST'] = time();
}
$_SESSION['TEST3'] = time();
print $_SESSION['TEST'];
print "<br><br>";
print $_SESSION['TEST3'];
print "<br><br>";
print session_id();
?>
[root@centos-02 html]#
2.为了方便测试我们先把之前设置的redis服务器密码关掉
[root@centos-02 /]# vim /etc/redis.conf [root@centos-02 /]# #requirepass root [root@centos-02 /]# killall redis-server [root@centos-02 /]# redis-server /etc/redis.conf [root@centos-02 /]#
3.curl测试
[root@centos-02 /]# curl localhost/1.php 1522339511<br><br>1522339511<br><br>ua4c0grlin57igp7jop5l3drp1 [root@centos-02 /]# curl localhost/1.php 1522339513<br><br>1522339513<br><br>g0l5v16hfqkahr4bnege78eh81 [root@centos-02 /]# curl localhost/1.php 1522339514<br><br>1522339514<br><br>fcnu70vmcn7cjjs0r0be1ms452 [root@centos-02 /]# curl localhost/1.php 1522339514<br><br>1522339514<br><br>l84uigqbdm63og6op6d85r88o0 [root@centos-02 /]# curl localhost/1.php 1522339515<br><br>1522339515<br><br>7ubv2qt0hcrf90o5t7q3g96807 [root@centos-02 /]#
4.我x成功了
[root@centos-02 /]# redis-cli 127.0.0.1:6379> keys * 1) "list1" 2) "mykey" 3) "setc" 4) "hash2" 5) "PHPREDIS_SESSION:7ubv2qt0hcrf90o5t7q3g96807" 6) "PHPREDIS_SESSION:g0l5v16hfqkahr4bnege78eh81" 7) "setb" 8) "hash1" 9) "key1" 10) "set1" 11) "PHPREDIS_SESSION:fcnu70vmcn7cjjs0r0be1ms452" 12) "PHPREDIS_SESSION:ot7esi7p984a56efa1c34dkm32" 13) "PHPREDIS_SESSION:ua4c0grlin57igp7jop5l3drp1" 14) "set2" 15) "seta" 16) "key2" 17) "PHPREDIS_SESSION:l84uigqbdm63og6op6d85r88o0" 127.0.0.1:6379>
5.如果想建redis集群，需要用redis cluster，安装predis扩展
redis主从配置
在一台机器上启动两个redis服务
1.第一步拷贝redis配置文件为Redis2.conf，修改配置文件端口、pid文件名、redis2日志文件、dir目录
[root@centos-02 ~]# cp /etc/redis.conf /etc/redis2.conf [root@centos-02 ~]# vim /etc/redis2.conf [root@centos-02 ~]# port 6380 pidfile /var/run/redis_6380.pid logfile "/var/log/redis2.log" dir /data/redis2
2.配置主从的时候，主上基本上不用变，但是从上需要指定它的主是谁，编辑从配置文件，如果主上配置了requirepass ***,从上也需要配置masterauth和主的一样
slaveof 127.0.0.1 6379 （添加主的ip和端口，我们主从在一台机器上所以配置为127.0.0.1 6379，如果主从不在一台电脑上需要写主的ip和端口）
3.创建redis2目录，启动redis从
[root@centos-02 ~]# mkdir /data/redis2 [root@centos-02 ~]# redis-server /etc/redis2.conf [root@centos-02 ~]# ps aux|grep redis root 12180 1.1 0.2 147312 2440 ? Ssl 13:51 0:36 redis-server 127.0.0.1:6379 root 12704 1.6 0.2 147312 2320 ? Ssl 14:41 0:00 redis-server 127.0.0.1:6380 root 12711 0.0 0.0 112680 948 pts/0 R+ 14:41 0:00 grep --color=auto redi [root@centos-02 ~]# netstat -lntp Active Internet connections (only servers) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:6379 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 12180/redis-server tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:6380 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 12704/redis-server tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1029/sshd tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1668/master tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:10051 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1142/zabbix_server tcp6 0 0 :::3306 :::* LISTEN 1428/mysqld tcp6 0 0 :::80 :::* LISTEN 12213/httpd tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 1029/sshd tcp6 0 0 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN 1668/master tcp6 0 0 :::10051 :::* LISTEN 1142/zabbix_server [root@centos-02 ~]#
4.这样主从就搭建完了，我们不用要同步数据，redis会自动将数据同步过来，是不是so easy，登录从服务器测试
[root@centos-02 ~]# redis-cli -h 127.0.0.1 -p 6380 127.0.0.1:6380> keys * 1) "hash1" 2) "list1" 3) "seta" 4) "set2" 5) "setc" 6) "setb" 7) "key2" 8) "set1" 9) "key1" 10) "hash2" 11) "mykey" 127.0.0.1:6380>
127.0.0.1:6380> b840fc02d524045429941cc15f59e41cb7be6c52 get dir 1) "dir" 2) "/data/redis2" 127.0.0.1:6380> b840fc02d524045429941cc15f59e41cb7be6c52 get dbfilename 1) "dbfilename" 2) "dump.rdb" 127.0.0.1:6380> b840fc02d524045429941cc15f59e41cb7be6c52 get *
127.0.0.1:6380> b840fc02d524045429941cc15f59e41cb7be6c52 get slaveof 1) "slaveof" 2) "127.0.0.1 6379" 127.0.0.1:6380>
5.从上的配置文件有个配置只能读不能写配置
slave-read-only yes
6.我们做个写的实验，提示我们只读的不能写
[root@centos-02 ~]# redis-cli -h 127.0.0.1 -p 6380 127.0.0.1:6380> set key110 110 (error) READONLY You can't write against a read only slave. 127.0.0.1:6380> quite
