kvm虚拟化

1. 虚拟化介绍

虚拟化是云计算的基础。简单的说，虚拟化使得在一台物理的服务器上可以跑多台虚拟机，虚拟机共享物理机的 CPU、内存、IO 硬件资源，但逻辑上虚拟机之间是相互隔离的。

物理机我们一般称为宿主机（Host），宿主机上面的虚拟机称为客户机（Guest）。

那么 Host 是如何将自己的硬件资源虚拟化，并提供给 Guest 使用的呢？
这个主要是通过一个叫做 Hypervisor 的程序实现的。

根据 Hypervisor 的实现方式和所处的位置，虚拟化又分为两种：

  • 全虚拟化
  • 半虚拟化

全虚拟化：
Hypervisor 直接安装在物理机上，多个虚拟机在 Hypervisor 上运行。Hypervisor 实现方式一般是一个特殊定制的 Linux 系统。Xen 和 VMWare 的 ESXi 都属于这个类型

半虚拟化：
物理机上首先安装常规的操作系统，比如 Redhat、Ubuntu 和 Windows。Hypervisor 作为 OS 上的一个程序模块运行，并对管理虚拟机进行管理。KVM、VirtualBox 和 VMWare Workstation 都属于这个类型

理论上讲：
全虚拟化一般对硬件虚拟化功能进行了特别优化，性能上比半虚拟化要高；
半虚拟化因为基于普通的操作系统，会比较灵活，比如支持虚拟机嵌套。嵌套意味着可以在KVM虚拟机中再运行KVM。

2. kvm介绍

kVM 全称是 Kernel-Based Virtual Machine。也就是说 KVM 是基于 Linux 内核实现的。
KVM有一个内核模块叫 kvm.ko，只用于管理虚拟 CPU 和内存。

那 IO 的虚拟化，比如存储和网络设备则是由 Linux 内核与Qemu来实现。

作为一个 Hypervisor，KVM 本身只关注虚拟机调度和内存管理这两个方面。IO 外设的任务交给 Linux 内核和 Qemu。

大家在网上看 KVM 相关文章的时候肯定经常会看到 Libvirt 这个东西。

Libvirt 就是 KVM 的管理工具。

其实，Libvirt 除了能管理 KVM 这种 Hypervisor，还能管理 Xen，VirtualBox 等。

Libvirt 包含 3 个东西：后台 daemon 程序 libvirtd、API 库和命令行工具 virsh

  • libvirtd是服务程序，接收和处理 API 请求；
  • API 库使得其他人可以开发基于 Libvirt 的高级工具，比如 virt-manager，这是个图形化的 KVM 管理工具；
  • virsh 是我们经常要用的 KVM 命令行工具

3. kvm部署

环境说明：

系统类型IP
RHEL7 192.168.6.144

3.1 kvm安装

部署前请确保你的CPU虚拟化功能已开启。分为两种情况：

 

 

 

  • 虚拟机要关机设置CPU虚拟化
  • 物理机要在BIOS里开启CPU虚拟化
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    # 关闭selinux,关闭防火墙，配置yum源
[root@kvm ~]# systemctl status firewalld
● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; disabled;vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: inactive (dead)
     Docs: man:firewalld(1)
[root@kvm ~]# getenforce
Disabled
[root@kvm ~]# ls /etc/yum.repos.d/
CentOS-Base.repo  epel.repo
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    kvm安装

    复制代码
    #验证CPU是否支持KVM；如果结果中有vmx（Intel）或svm(AMD)字样，就说明CPU的支持的
[root@kvm ~]# egrep -o 'vmx|svm' /proc/cpuinfo
vmx
vmx
vmx
vmx

#kvm安装
[root@kvm ~]# yum -y install qemu-kvm qemu-kvm-tools qemu-img virt-manager libvirt libvirt-python libvirt-client virt-install virt-viewer bridge-utils libguestfs-tools

#因为虚拟机中网络，我们一般都是和公司的其他服务器是同一个网段，所以我们需要把 \
KVM服务器的网卡配置成桥接模式。这样的话KVM的虚拟机就可以通过该桥接网卡和公司内部 \
其他服务器处于同一网段
此处我的网卡是ens33，所以用br0来桥接ens33网卡
[root@kvm ~]# cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
[root@kvm network-scripts]# ls
ifcfg-ens33  ifdown-ppp       ifup-ib      ifup-Team
ifcfg-lo     ifdown-routes    ifup-ippp    ifup-TeamPort
ifdown       ifdown-sit       ifup-ipv6    ifup-tunnel
ifdown-bnep  ifdown-Team      ifup-isdn    ifup-wireless
ifdown-eth   ifdown-TeamPort  ifup-plip    init.ipv6-global
ifdown-ib    ifdown-tunnel    ifup-plusb   network-functions
ifdown-ippp  ifup             ifup-post    network-functions-ipv6
ifdown-ipv6  ifup-aliases     ifup-ppp
ifdown-isdn  ifup-bnep        ifup-routes
ifdown-post  ifup-eth         ifup-sit
#复制一个网卡叫br0
[root@kvm network-scripts]# cp ifcfg-ens33 ifcfg-br0  
[root@kvm network-scripts]# vim ifcfg-ens33    #修改如下
TYPE=Ethernet
BOOTPROTO=static
NAME=ens33
DEVICE=ens33
ONBOOT=yes
BRIDGE=br0  #配置桥接设备br0
NM_CONTROLLED=no #表示该接口将通过该配置文件进行设置,而不是通过网络管理器进行管理

[root@kvm network-scripts]# vim ifcfg-br0  #br0修改如下
TYPE=Brideg
iPV6_PRIVACY=no
DEVICE=br0
NM_CONTROLLED=no
BOOTPROTO=static
NAME=br0
ONBOOT=yes
IPADDR=192.168.6.144
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
GATEWAY=192.168.160.1
DNS1=114.114.114.114
DNS2=8.8.8.8

#重启网卡
[root@kvm ~]# systemctl restart network
[root@kvm ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master br0 state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:5e:60:5f brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
3: br0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:5e:60:5f brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.6.144/24 brd 192.168.6.255 scope global br0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe5e:605f/64 scope link
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
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    #  启动服务
[root@kvm ~]# systemctl enable --now libvirtd
# 查看状态
[root@kvm ~]# systemctl status libvirtd
● libvirtd.service - Virtualization daemon
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/libvirtd.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: active (running) since Sat 2022-08-20 23:02:07 CST; 41s ago

# 验证安装结果
[root@kvm ~]# lsmod|grep kvm
kvm_intel             188740  0
kvm                   637515  1 kvm_intel
irqbypass              13503  1 kvm

# 测试并验证安装结果
[root@kvm ~]# virsh -c qemu:///system list
 Id    Name                           State
----------------------------------------------------
# 查看版本号
[root@kvm ~]# virsh --version    
4.5.0
[root@kvm ~]# virt-install --version
1.5.0
#  做软连接
[root@kvm ~]# ln -s /usr/libexec/qemu-kvm /usr/bin/qemu-kvm
[root@kvm ~]# ll /usr/bin/qemu-kvm
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 21 Aug 20 23:09 /usr/bin/qemu-kvm -> /usr/libexec/qemu-kvm
[root@kvm ~]# lsmod |grep kvm
kvm_intel             188740  0
kvm                   637515  1 kvm_intel
irqbypass              13503  1 kvm

#查看网桥信息
[root@kvm ~]# brctl show
bridge name    bridge id        STP enabled    interfaces
br0        8000.000c295e605f    no        ens33
virbr0        8000.525400c3c83c    yes        virbr0-nic
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     kvm web管理界面安装

    复制代码
    #  kvm 的 web 管理界面是由 webvirtmgr 程序提供的。
# 安装依赖包
[root@kvm ~]# yum -y install git python-pip libvirt-python libxml2-python python-websockify supervisor nginx python-devel
# 从github上下载webvirtmgr代码
[root@kvm src]# git clone git://github.com/retspen/webvirtmgr.git
#解压并进到里面去
[root@kvm src]# ls
webvirtmgr-master  webvirtmgr-master.zip
# 改个名字，
[root@kvm src]# mv webvirtmgr-master webvirtmgr
[root@kvm src]# cd webvirtmgr
# 走国外的网去下载安装webbvirtmgr所以需要的程序，会快很多
[root@kvm webvirtmgr]# pip install -i https://pypi.douban.com/simple -rrequirements.txt
Collecting django==1.5.5 (from -r requirements.txt (line 1))
  Downloading https://pypi.doubanio.com/packages/38/49/93511c5d3367b6b21fc2995a0e53399721afc15e4cd6eb57be879ae13ad4/Django-1.5.5.tar.gz (8.1MB)
    100% |████████████████████████████████| 8.1MB 105kB/s
Collecting gunicorn==19.5.0 (from -r requirements.txt (line 2))
  Downloading https://pypi.doubanio.com/packages/f9/4e/f4076a1a57fc1e75edc0828db365cfa9005f9f6b4a51b489ae39a91eb4be/gunicorn-19.5.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (113kB)
    100% |████████████████████████████████| 122kB 1.2MB/s
Collecting lockfile>=0.9 (from -r requirements.txt (line 5))
  Downloading https://pypi.doubanio.com/packages/c8/22/9460e311f340cb62d26a38c419b1381b8593b0bb6b5d1f056938b086d362/lockfile-0.12.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Installing collected packages: django, gunicorn, lockfile
  Running setup.py install for django ... done
Successfully installed django-1.5.5 gunicorn-19.5.0 lockfile-0.12.2
# 检查sqlite3是否安装
[root@kvm webvirtmgr]# python
Python 2.7.5 (default, Jun 28 2022, 15:30:04)
[GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-44)] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import sqlite3   #导入模块，如果没有输入信息表示没有问题，如果有输出内容表示有问题。
>>>  # 退出 exit()或者ctrl+D
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    # 初始化帐号信息
[root@kvm webvirtmgr]# python manage.py syncdb
WARNING:root:No local_settings file found.
Creating tables ...
Creating table auth_permission
Creating table auth_group_permissions
Creating table auth_group
Creating table auth_user_groups
Creating table auth_user_user_permissions
Creating table auth_user
Creating table django_content_type
Creating table django_session
Creating table django_site
Creating table servers_compute
Creating table instance_instance
Creating table create_flavor

You just installed Django's auth system, which means you don't have anysuperusers defined.
Would you like to create one now? (yes/no): yes # 问你是否创建超级管理员帐号
Username (leave blank to use 'root'):  # 指定超级管理员帐号用户名，默认留空为root
Email address: 1@2.com  # 设置超级管理员邮箱
Password:                    # 设置超级管理员密码
Password (again):     # 再次输入超级管理员密码
Superuser created successfully.
Installing custom SQL ...
Installing indexes ...
Installed 6 object(s) from 1 fixture(s)
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    # 拷贝web网页至指定目录
[root@kvm webvirtmgr]# mkdir /var/www   # 创建一个放网页文件的目录
[root@kvm webvirtmgr]# cp -r /usr/local/src/webvirtmgr /var/www/  #传过去
[root@kvm webvirtmgr]# cd /var/www/  # 进去查看
[root@kvm www]# ll
total 4
drwxr-xr-x 19 root root 4096 Aug 20 23:53 webvirtmgr
[root@localhost www]# chown -R nginx.nginx /var/www/webvirtmgr/
    
# 生成密钥
[root@kvm     ~]# ssh-keygen -t rsa
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa):
Created directory '/root/.ssh'.
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:ZRVe3pdnKgnZCvJ3aCfCVMp8CORhQQ0hdOce26p6euk root@kvm
The key's randomart image is:
+---[RSA 2048]----+
|   .oo@=. . o..  |
|     = B.+ = o ..|
|      o X * o ..=|
|       * O + . oo|
|        S B = .  |
|         = + .   |
|       ..        |
|      +.         |
|    o*E          |
+----[SHA256]-----+

#由于这里webvirtmgr和kvm服务部署在同一台机器，所以这里本地信任。如果kvm部署在其他机器，那么这个是它的ip
[root@kvm ~]# ssh-copy-id 192.168.6.144
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub"
The authenticity of host '192.168.6.144 (192.168.6.144)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:VzPXkktY1GR+22KvnZ75oy5iaiNH0rSbSYWJy8QUtHg.
ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:84:79:2b:a4:85:aa:95:c6:24:72:8d:b6:b6:e0:0d:21.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys
root@192.168.6.144's password:

Number of key(s) added: 1

Now try logging into the machine, with:   "ssh '192.168.6.144'"
and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.
# 配置端口转发
[root@kvm ~]# ssh 192.168.6.144 -L localhost:8000:localhost:8000 -L localhost:6080:localhost:60
Last login: Sat Aug 20 22:58:12 2022 from 192.168.6.1
# 查看端口
[root@kvm ~]# ss -antl
State      Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port               Peer Address:Port
LISTEN     0      128      *:22                   *:*
LISTEN     0      100    127.0.0.1:25                   *:*
LISTEN     0      128    127.0.0.1:6080                 *:*
LISTEN     0      128    127.0.0.1:8000                 *:*
LISTEN     0      5      192.168.122.1:53                   *:*
LISTEN     0      128       [::]:22                    [::]:*
LISTEN     0      100      [::1]:25                    [::]:*
LISTEN     0      128      [::1]:6080                  [::]:*
LISTEN     0      128      [::1]:8000                  [::]:*
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    # 配置nginx
[root@kvm nginx]# cp nginx.conf{,-bak}  # 同目录备份一个以-bak
[root@kvm nginx]# ls
conf.d                  koi-utf             nginx.conf.default
default.d               koi-win             scgi_params
fastcgi.conf            mime.types          scgi_params.default
fastcgi.conf.default    mime.types.default  uwsgi_params
fastcgi_params          nginx.conf          uwsgi_params.default
fastcgi_params.default  nginx.conf-bak      win-utf
[root@kvm nginx]# > nginx.conf  #请空文件
[root@kvm nginx]# vim nginx.conf   #编辑nginx的配置文件

    user nginx;
    worker_processes auto;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
pid /run/nginx.pid;

include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf;

events {
    worker_connections 1024;
}

http {
    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;

    sendfile            on;
    tcp_nopush          on;
    tcp_nodelay         on;
    keepalive_timeout   65;
    types_hash_max_size 2048;

    include             /etc/nginx/mime.types;
    default_type        application/octet-stream;

    include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;

    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  localhost;

        include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;

        location / {
            root html;
            index index.html index.htm;
        }

        error_page 404 /404.html;
            location = /40x.html {
        }

        error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
            location = /50x.html {
        }
    }
}
    复制代码
    # 编辑nginx的子文件
[root@kvm nginx]# vi /etc/nginx/conf.d/webvirtmgr.conf
server {
    listen 80 default_server;

    server_name $hostname;
    #access_log /var/log/nginx/webvirtmgr_access_log;

    location /static/ {
        root /var/www/webvirtmgr/webvirtmgr;
        expires max;
    }

    location / {
        proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8000;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-for $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        proxy_set_header Host $host:$server_port;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $remote_addr;
        proxy_connect_timeout 600;
        proxy_read_timeout 600;
        proxy_send_timeout 600;
        client_max_body_size 1024M;
    }
}

# 确保bind绑定的是本机的8000端口
[root@kvm ~]# vim /var/www/webvirtmgr/conf/gunicorn.conf.py
bind = '0.0.0.0:8000'   #确保此处绑定的是本机的8000端口，这个在nginx配置中定义了，被代理的端口
backlog = 2048
# 重启nginx
[root@kvm ~]# systemctl restart nginx
[root@kvm ~]# ss -antl
State      Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port               Peer Address:Port
LISTEN     0      128      *:22                   *:*
LISTEN     0      100    127.0.0.1:25                   *:*
LISTEN     0      128    127.0.0.1:6080                 *:*
LISTEN     0      128    127.0.0.1:8000                 *:*
LISTEN     0      128      *:80                   *:*
LISTEN     0      5      192.168.122.1:53                   *:*
LISTEN     0      128       [::]:22                    [::]:*
LISTEN     0      100      [::1]:25                    [::]:*
LISTEN     0      128      [::1]:6080                  [::]:*
LISTEN     0      128      [::1]:8000                  [::]:*
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    复制代码
    

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    # 设置supervisor
[root@kvm ~]# vi /etc/supervisord.conf
。。。省略上面内容，在下面加上以下内容
[include]
files = supervisord.d/*.ini
[program:webvirtmgr]
command=/usr/bin/python2 /var/www/webvirtmgr/manage.py run_gunicorn -c /var/www/webvirtmgr/conf/gunicorn.conf.py
directory=/var/www/webvirtmgr
autostart=true
autorestart=true
logfile=/var/log/supervisor/webvirtmgr.log
log_stderr=true
user=nginx

[program:webvirtmgr-console]
command=/usr/bin/python2 /var/www/webvirtmgr/console/webvirtmgr-console
directory=/var/www/webvirtmgr
autostart=true
autorestart=true
stdout_logfile=/var/log/supervisor/webvirtmgr-console.log
redirect_stderr=true
user=nginx
    

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    # 启动supervisor并设置开机自启
[root@kvm ~]# systemctl start supervisord
[root@kvm ~]# systemctl enable supervisord
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/supervisord.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/supervisord.service.
[root@kvm ~]# systemctl status supervisord
● supervisord.service - Process Monitoring and Control Daemon
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/supervisord.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Sun 2022-08-21 00:27:57 CST; 34s ago
 Main PID: 13940 (supervisord)
   CGroup: /system.slice/supervisord.service
           └─13940 /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/supervisord -c /etc/super...

Aug 21 00:27:57 kvm systemd[1]: Starting Process Monitoring and Cont....
Aug 21 00:27:57 kvm systemd[1]: Started Process Monitoring and Contr....
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.

[root@kvm ~]# ss -antl
State      Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port               Peer Address:Port
LISTEN     0      128      *:22                   *:*
LISTEN     0      100    127.0.0.1:25                   *:*
LISTEN     0      128    127.0.0.1:6080                 *:*
LISTEN     0      128    127.0.0.1:8000                 *:*
LISTEN     0      128      *:80                   *:*
LISTEN     0      5      192.168.122.1:53                   *:*
LISTEN     0      128       [::]:22                    [::]:*
LISTEN     0      100      [::1]:25                    [::]:*
LISTEN     0      128      [::1]:6080                  [::]:*
LISTEN     0      128      [::1]:8000
    

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    # 配置nginx用户，生成秘钥
[root@kvm ~]# su - nginx -s /bin/bash  #零时给Nginx用户一个bin/bash 因为是系统用户所有直接登陆时登陆不成功的
-bash-4.2$ ssh-keygen -t rsa   #生成密钥
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/var/lib/nginx/.ssh/id_rsa):
Created directory '/var/lib/nginx/.ssh'.
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved in /var/lib/nginx/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /var/lib/nginx/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:ef/kRTLYIf74n9Wbz7wNgazi6KsWmSsemTi5HHyLyhw nginx@kvm
The key's randomart image is:
+---[RSA 2048]----+
|                 |
|                 |
|            . .  |
|         . o = . |
|     o  S . = = .|
|.o o+    . o o =.|
|+E+. o  . . o + +|
|+o*.+  o .   = =*|
|+*.+.o+..     +*O|
+----[SHA256]-----+
-bash-4.2$ touch ~/.ssh/config && echo -e "StrictHostKeyChecking=no\nUserKnownHostsFile=/dev/null" >> ~/.ssh/config # 创建一个文件，让里面加上这两段内容
-bash-4.2$ chmod 0600 ~/.ssh/config #添加权限
-bash-4.2$ cat ~/.ssh/config #查看这个文件
StrictHostKeyChecking=no   # 主机key检查关闭，就是远程登陆的时候没有让输入yes/no那一步
UserKnownHostsFile=/dev/null   # 不要.ssh/known_hosts文件，不输入yes和no就没有主机信息，所有把这个文件放到空洞中
-bash-4.2$ ssh-copy-id root@192.168.6.144   #把公钥传过去
/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/var/lib/nginx/.ssh/id_rsa.pub"
/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed
/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.6.144' (ECDSA) to the list of knownhosts.
root@192.168.6.144's password:

Number of key(s) added: 1

Now try logging into the machine, with:   "ssh 'root@192.168.6.144'"
and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.

-bash-4.2$ exit   # 退出
logout
    

    复制代码
    

    复制代码
    

    # 生成一个配置文件
[root@kvm ~]# vim /etc/polkit-1/localauthority/50-local.d/50-libvirt-remote-access.pkla     # 添加一下内容

[Remote libvirt SSH access]
Identity=unix-user:root
Action=org.libvirt.unix.manage
ResultAny=yes
ResultInactive=yes
ResultActive=yes

#  给刚才生成的文件更改权限，并且重启服务
[root@kvm ~]# chown -R root.root /etc/polkit-1/localauthority/50-local.d/50-libvirt-remote-access.pkla
[root@kvm ~]# systemctl restart nginx
[root@kvm ~]# systemctl restart libvirtd
    

    复制代码
    

     
    

    • 




 


 


 


 


 在部署完成以后有报错，


第一次通过web访问kvm时可能会一直访问不了，一直转圈，而命令行界面一直报错(too many open files)


此时需要对nginx进行配置


复制代码


[root@kvm ~]# vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf

user nginx;
worker_processes auto;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
pid /run/nginx.pid;
worker_rlimit_nofile 655350;   #此处添加此行
include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf;

#重启服务
[root@kvm ~]# systemctl restart nginx

#然后对系统参数进行设置
# End of file     #最后加上这两行
* soft nofile 655350
* hard nofile 655350


复制代码


 


配置网页




 


 


 kvm连接管理


创建SSH连接




 


 


 


 


 


 


kvm存储管理


创建存储




 


 进入存储


 


 


 


 




# 用xftp把镜像传到/var/lib/libvirt/images/
[root@localhost ~]# cd /var/lib/libvirt/images/
[root@localhost images]# ls
[root@localhost images]# ls
CentOS-Stream-8-x86_64-20201211-dvd1.iso




在 web 界面查看ISO镜像是否存在




 


 创建系统安装镜像


 


 添加成功如下图所示


 


 


kvm网络管理


添加桥接网络




 


 


 


 


 


 


 


 


 


 


 实例管理


实例(虚拟机)创建




 


 


 


 


 


 虚拟机插入光盘


 


 设置在 web 上访问虚拟机的密码


 


 启动虚拟机


 


 


 


 虚拟机安装


 


 


 


 


 


 


 


 


 


 


 


 


 


 


 


 


 


 


 


 


 
















 






            

            
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孙一鸣 
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