关于H5页面在iPhoneX适配(转)
1. iPhoneX的介绍
屏幕尺寸
我们熟知的iPhone系列开发尺寸概要如下:
△ iPhone各机型的开发尺寸
转化成我们熟知的像素尺寸:
△ 每个机型的多维度尺寸
倍图其实就是像素尺寸和开发尺寸的倍率关系,但这只是外在的表现。倍图核心的影响因素在于PPI(DPI),了解屏幕密度与各尺寸的关系有助于我们深度理解倍率的概念:《基础知识学起来!为设计师量身打造的DPI指南》
iPhone8在本次升级中,屏幕尺寸和分辨率都遗传了iPhone6以后的优良传统;
然而iPhone X 无论是在屏幕尺寸、分辨率、甚至是形状上都发生了较大的改变,下面以iPhone 8作为参照物,看看到底iPhone X的适配我们要怎么考虑。
我们看看iPhone X尺寸上的变化:
2. iPhoneX的适配---安全区域(safe area)
苹果对于 iPhone X 的设计布局意见如下:
核心内容应该处于 Safe area 确保不会被设备圆角(corners),传感器外壳(sensor housing,齐刘海) 以及底部的 Home Indicator 遮挡。也就是说 我们设计显示的内容应该尽可能的在安全区域内;
3. iPhoneX的适配---适配方案viewport-fit
3.1 PhoneX的适配,在iOS 11中采用了viewport-fit的meta标签作为适配方案;viewport-fit的默认值是auto。
viewport-fit取值如下:
auto | 默认:viewprot-fit:contain;页面内容显示在safe area内 |
cover | viewport-fit:cover,页面内容充满屏幕 |
viewport-fit meta标签设置(cover时)
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0, minimum-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, user-scalable=no, viewport-fit=cover">
3.2 css constant()函数 与safe-area-inset-top & safe-area-inset-left & safe-area-inset-right & safe-area-inset-bottom的介绍
如上图所示 在iOS 11中的WebKit包含了一个新的CSS函数constant(),以及一组四个预定义的常量:safe-area-inset-left, safe-area-inset-right, safe-area-inset-top和 safe-area-inset-bottom。当合并一起使用时,允许样式引用每个方面的安全区域的大小。
3.1当我们设置viewport-fit:contain,也就是默认的时候时;设置safe-area-inset-left, safe-area-inset-right, safe-area-inset-top和 safe-area-inset-bottom等参数时不起作用的。
3.2当我们设置viewport-fit:cover时:设置如下
body { padding-top: constant(safe-area-inset-top); //为导航栏+状态栏的高度 88px padding-left: constant(safe-area-inset-left); //如果未竖屏时为0 padding-right: constant(safe-area-inset-right); //如果未竖屏时为0 padding-bottom: constant(safe-area-inset-bottom);//为底下圆弧的高度 34px }
4. iPhoneX的适配---高度统计
viewport-fit:cover + 导航栏
5.iPhoneX的适配---媒体查询
注意这里采用的是690px(safe area高度),不是812px;
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@media only screen and ( width : 375px ) and ( height : 690px ){ body { background : blue ; } } |
6.iphoneX viewport-fit 问题总结
1.关于iphoneX 页面使用了渐变色时;如果viewport-fit:cover;
1.1在设置了背景色单色和渐变色的区别,如果是单色时会填充整个屏幕,如果设置了渐变色 那么只会更加子元素的高度去渲染;而且页面的高度只有690px高度,上面使用了padding-top:88px;
body固定为:
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< body >< div class="content">this is subElement</ div ></ body > |
1.单色时:
* { padding: 0; margin: 0; } body { background:green; padding-top: constant(safe-area-inset-top); //88px /*padding-left: constant(safe-area-inset-left);*/ /*padding-right: constant(safe-area-inset-right);*/ /*padding-bottom: constant(safe-area-inset-bottom);*/ }
2.渐变色
* { padding: 0; margin: 0; } body { background:-webkit-gradient(linear, 0 0, 0 bottom, from(#ffd54f), to(#ffaa22)); padding-top: constant(safe-area-inset-top); //88px /*padding-left: constant(safe-area-inset-left);*/ /*padding-right: constant(safe-area-inset-right);*/ /*padding-bottom: constant(safe-area-inset-bottom);*/ }
解决使用渐变色 仍旧填充整个屏幕的方法;CSS设置如下
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta name="viewport" content="initial-scale=1, viewport-fit=cover"> <title>Designing Websites for iPhone X: Respecting the safe areas</title> <style> * { padding: 0; margin: 0; } html, body { height: 100%; } body { padding-top: constant(safe-area-inset-top); padding-left: constant(safe-area-inset-left); padding-right: constant(safe-area-inset-right); padding-bottom: constant(safe-area-inset-bottom); } .content { background: -webkit-gradient(linear, 0 0, 0 bottom, from(#ffd54f), to(#ffaa22)); width: 100%; height: 724px; } </style> </head> <body> <div class="content">this is subElement</div> </body> </html>
2.页面元素使用了固定定位的适配即:{position:fixed;}
2.1 子元素页面固定在底部时;使用viewport-fit:contain时;可以看到bottom:0时只会显示在安全区域内;
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta name="viewport" content="initial-scale=1"> <!--<meta name="viewport" content="initial-scale=1, viewport-fit=cover">--> <title>Designing Websites for iPhone X: Respecting the safe areas</title> <style> * { padding: 0; margin: 0; } /*html,body {*/ /*height: 100%;*/ /*}*/ body { background: grey; /*padding-top: constant(safe-area-inset-top);*/ /*padding-left: constant(safe-area-inset-left);*/ /*padding-right: constant(safe-area-inset-right);*/ /*padding-bottom: constant(safe-area-inset-bottom);*/ } .top { width: 100%; height: 44px; background: purple; } .bottom { position: fixed; bottom: 0; left: 0; right: 0; height: 44px; color: black; background: green; } </style> </head> <body> <div class="top">this is top</div> <div class="bottom">this is bottom</div> </body> </html>
2.1 子元素页面固定在底部时;使用viewport-fit:cover时;可以看到bottom:0时只会显示在安全区域内;
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* { padding: 0; margin: 0; } /*html,body {*/ /*height: 100%;*/ /*}*/ body { background: grey; padding-top: constant(safe-area-inset-top); /*padding-left: constant(safe-area-inset-left);*/ /*padding-right: constant(safe-area-inset-right);*/ /*padding-bottom: constant(safe-area-inset-bottom);*/ } .top { width: 100%; height: 44px; background: purple; } .bottom { position: fixed; bottom: 0; left: 0; right: 0; height: 44px; color: black; background: green; } |
添加html,body {width:100%;heigth:100%}
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* { padding: 0; margin: 0; } html,body { height: 100%; } body { background: grey; padding-top: constant(safe-area-inset-top); padding-left: constant(safe-area-inset-left); padding-right: constant(safe-area-inset-right); padding-bottom: constant(safe-area-inset-bottom); } .top { width: 100%; height: 44px; background: purple; } .bottom { position: fixed; bottom: 0; left: 0; right: 0; height: 44px; color: black; background: green; }
图2:
* { padding: 0; margin: 0; } html,body { height: 100%; } body { background: grey; padding-top: constant(safe-area-inset-top); padding-left: constant(safe-area-inset-left); padding-right: constant(safe-area-inset-right); /*padding-bottom: constant(safe-area-inset-bottom);*/ } .top { width: 100%; height: 44px; background: purple; } .bottom { position: fixed; bottom: 0; left: 0; right: 0; height: 44px; color: black; background: green; }
2.3 关于alertView弹框 遮罩层的解决方案
![](https://images2017.cnblogs.com/blog/949019/201711/949019-20171106210345513-1798455572.png)
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <!--<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, minimum-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, user-scalable=no">--> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0, minimum-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, user-scalable=no, viewport-fit=cover"> <meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache"> <meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache"> <meta http-equiv="expires" content="0"> <title>alertView</title> <script data-res="eebbk"> document.documentElement.style.fontSize = window.screen.width / 7.5 + 'px'; </script> <style> * { margin: 0; padding: 0; } html,body { width: 100%; height: 100%; } body { font-size: 0.32rem; padding-top: constant(safe-area-inset-top); padding-left: constant(safe-area-inset-left); padding-right: constant(safe-area-inset-right); padding-bottom: constant(safe-area-inset-bottom); } .content { text-align: center; } .testBut { margin: 50px auto; width: 100px; height: 44px; border: 1px solid darkgray; outline:none; user-select: none; background-color: yellow; } </style> <link href="alertView.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"> </head> <body> <section class="content"> <button class="testBut" onclick="showLoading()">弹框加载</button> </section> <script type="text/javascript" src="alertView.js"></script> <script> function showLoading() { UIAlertView.show({ type:"input", title:"温馨提示", //标题 content:"VIP会员即将到期", //获取新的 isKnow:false }); var xx = new UIAlertView(); console.log(xx); } </script> </body> </html>
@media only screen and (device-width: 375px) and (device-height: 812px) and (-webkit-device-pixel-ratio: 3) { /*增加头部适配层*/ .has-topbar { height: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; padding-top: 44px; &:before { content: ''; position: fixed; top: 0; left: 0; width: 100%; height: 44px; background-color: #000000; z-index: 9998; } } /*增加底部适配层*/ .has-bottombar { height: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; padding-bottom: 34px; &:after { content: ''; z-index: 9998; position: fixed; left: 0; bottom: 0; width: 100%; height: 34px; background: #f7f7f8; } } /*导航操作栏上移*/ .bottom-menu-fixed { bottom: 34px; } }