使用Cordova运行项目到android

Apache Cordova is an open-source mobile development framework. It allows you to use standard web technologies - HTML5, CSS3, and JavaScript for cross-platform development. Applications execute within wrappers targeted to each platform, and rely on standards-compliant API bindings to access each device's capabilities such as sensors, data, network status, etc.

前提:已经安装了Node.js和npm、cnpm (截图不够清晰,所以本文所有的版本号以文字形式展现)

C:\Users\Administrator>node -v
v18.14.0

C:\Users\Administrator>npm -v
9.3.1

Cordova 官网https://cordova.apache.org/

 安装 cordova: npm install -g cordova  -g 是全局安装,对node.js版本的要求见 https://cordova.apache.org/docs/en/12.x/guide/cli/installation.html#requirements-and-support

安装完以后检查是否正确安装:  cordova -v  

C:\Users\Administrator>cordova -v
12.0.0 (cordova-lib@12.0.1)

 在android平台使用 Cordova 的系统要求(System Requirements)。官方文档:https://cordova.apache.org/docs/en/12.x/guide/platforms/android/index.html

The Required Software & Tools:

  • JDK 
  • Gradle
  • Android Studio
  • SDK 

 JDK的安装、配置环境变量

官网下载: https://www.oracle.com/java/technologies/downloads/#jdk22-windows

早期版本可能需要登录账号,新版本不用登录账号,我用的是 21 :Java Downloads | Oracle 。exe文件下载完成后直接双击安装,可以修改安装路径,安装完成后需要配置环境变量。

配置jdk环境变量教程可看:https://www.runoob.com/w3cnote/windows10-java-setup.html 、 https://www.jianshu.com/p/f4b4c6177046https://www.liaoxuefeng.com/wiki/1252599548343744/1280507291631649

以win10 + jdk21 为例,按 win+s 然后输入 env,按回车,进入环境变量页面

 点击“环境变量”,系统变量

 如果是第一次进来,点“新建”,变量名 JAVA_HOME,变量值是你的jdk安装的路径


 ( 我看很多教程里都要配置CLASSPATH 变量,但 java 9之后应该就不用配置CLASSPATH 了 )

  修改PATH:新建两条路径 %JAVA_HOME%\bin    %JAVA_HOME%\jre\bin  。java 9之后应该也只需要配  %JAVA_HOME%\bin ,我就只配了这一个。

配置完成后依次点确定, 打开cmd,输入  java -version  ,出现版本号则配置成功

C:\Users\Administrator>java -version
java version "21.0.1" 2023-10-17 LTS
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 21.0.1+12-LTS-29)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 21.0.1+12-LTS-29, mixed mode, sharing)

Gradle的安装、配置环境变量

官网 https://gradle.org/releases/ 

直接下载链接 https://gradle.org/next-steps/?version=8.8&format=all

下载完是一个压缩包,放到任意位置解压(我放到了G:\ )

解压之后配置环境变量。可以直接看教程:https://www.cnblogs.com/leilei0327/p/7054652.html 

和jdk一样,进入环境变量|系统变量后,新建  GRADLE_HOME  ,输入存放的位置

然后在PATH中新建  %GRADLE_HOME%\bin

配置完成后依次点确定, 打开cmd,输入  gradle -v   出现版本号则配置成功

C:\Users\Administrator>gradle -v

------------------------------------------------------------
Gradle 8.8
------------------------------------------------------------

Build time:   2024-05-31 21:46:56 UTC
Revision:     4bd1b3d3fc3f31db5a26eecb416a165b8cc36082

Kotlin:       1.9.22
Groovy:       3.0.21
Ant:          Apache Ant(TM) version 1.10.13 compiled on January 4 2023
JVM:          21.0.1 (Oracle Corporation 21.0.1+12-LTS-29)
OS:           Windows 10 10.0 amd64

Android Studio的安装、配置环境变量

 官网:https://developer.android.google.cn/studio?hl=zh-cn  直接下载最新版就行

如果以前安装过 Android Studio,建议卸载并删除原有配置文件。下载完成后双击安装,可以修改安装路径。(这个gif有原来的Android Studio的sdk缓存)

  安装完成以后打开Android Studio,根据软件提示一步步安装并设置Android SDK packages.(这个是没有sdk缓存的视频)

 SDK的安装、配置环境变量

配置链接:https://cordova.apache.org/docs/en/12.x/guide/platforms/android/index.html#sdk-packages

 现在没有单独的SDK下载安装包了,下载包都在Android Studio里。安装sdk分为 5 步:

  • Installing SDK Platform:第一次安装Android Studio或者卸载干净之后重新安装,会提示必须安装sdk,根据提示安装即可,因为cordova-android@12.0.0, the highest supported SDK is 33.,所以我们要选中 Android13 API Level33
  • Installing Android SDK Build-Tools: cordova-android@12.0.0, the highest supported SDK is 33.
  • Installing SDK Command-line Tools (latest):Check Show Package Details,Expand Android SDK Command-line Tools (latest),Check Android SDK Command-line Tools (latest),Click Apply
  • Installing Android SDK Platform-Tools:默认已安装,没有安装的话按照官方文档安装即可。
  • Installing Android Emulator:默认已安装,没有安装的话按照官方文档安装即可。

最后配置  ANDROID_HOME   的环境变量,教程:https://www.cnblogs.com/liuyingjie123/p/13938015.html

配置完成后依次点确定, 打开cmd,输入 adb version  出现版本号则配置成功。

C:\Users\Administrator>adb version
Android Debug Bridge version 1.0.41
Version 35.0.1-11580240

 Cordova 创建并运行Android项目 

 创建项目并添加插件:

 配置完上述所有环境变量后,我们就可以用Cordova 创建项目并运行了。打开 https://cordova.apache.org/docs/en/12.x/guide/cli/index.html,按照步骤:

  • 在代码目录下输入cmd,然后在控制台输入   cordova create hello com.example.hello HelloWorld
  • cd hello
  • cordova platform add android
  • cordova platform ls
  • cordova requirements   这时可能会报错
    Android target: not installed
    Command failed with exit code 1: avdmanager list target

     原因是没有安装模拟器,不用管它(我已经安装了模拟器甚至打开了模拟器,但是检查的时候仍然提醒没有,可能是版本的原因)

运行到真机或者模拟器(一定要先打开真机或者模拟器):

  • Build the App:  cordova build  (为所有平台build)、 cordova build android (只为Android build)
  • cordova emulate android  // 这句可以不运行,运行的话报错也无所谓,因为 Running cordova emulate will also prepare, rebuild, and redeploy the latest app to the emulator.
  • cordova run android  // 运行这一句之前一定要先打开真机或者模拟器!!如果有打开的模拟器,就运行到模拟器,如果连接的有真机(打开了usb调试),就运行到真机。

发送 build 生成的apk

暂时没有数据线连接真机的话,也可以把 build 生成的 .apk发送到手机自行安装。

以下是运行到模拟器的示例(也可以不开Android Studio,直接运行到真机):

后续修改内容

运行成功以后证明项目没有问题,后续修改内容可以在vscode中打开进行修改。修改完以后直接运行  cordova run android

如果继续使用模拟器展示修改效果,就保留打开的 Android Studio 和模拟器,  cordova run android  会直接运行到模拟器上。

如果后续直接运行到真机,可以直接关闭 Android Studio 和模拟器,  cordova run android  会直接运行到真机上。

   命令运行记录如下:

Microsoft Windows [版本 10.0.19045.4291]
(c) Microsoft Corporation。保留所有权利。

E:\code_cordova\demo>cordova create hello com.example.hello HelloWorld
Creating a new cordova project.

E:\code_cordova\demo>cd hello

E:\code_cordova\demo\hello>cordova platform add android
Using cordova-fetch for cordova-android
Adding android project...
Creating Cordova project for the Android platform:
        Path: platforms\android
        Package: com.example.hello
        Name: HelloWorld
        Activity: MainActivity
        Android Target SDK: android-34
        Android Compile SDK: 34
Subproject Path: CordovaLib
Subproject Path: app
Android project created with cordova-android@13.0.0

E:\code_cordova\demo\hello>cordova platform ls
Installed platforms:
  android 13.0.0
Available platforms:
  browser
  electron

E:\code_cordova\demo\hello>cordova requirements

Requirements check results for android:
Java JDK: installed 21.0.1
Android SDK: installed true
Android target: not installed
Command failed with exit code 1: avdmanager list target
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: javax/xml/bind/annotation/XmlSchema
        at com.android.repository.api.SchemaModule$SchemaModuleVersion.<init>(SchemaModule.java:156)
        at com.android.repository.api.SchemaModule.<init>(SchemaModule.java:75)
        at com.android.sdklib.repository.AndroidSdkHandler.<clinit>(AndroidSdkHandler.java:81)
        at com.android.sdklib.tool.AvdManagerCli.run(AvdManagerCli.java:213)
        at com.android.sdklib.tool.AvdManagerCli.main(AvdManagerCli.java:200)
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlSchema
        at java.base/jdk.internal.loader.BuiltinClassLoader.loadClass(BuiltinClassLoader.java:641)
        at java.base/jdk.internal.loader.ClassLoaders$AppClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoaders.java:188)
        at java.base/java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:526)
        ... 5 more
Gradle: installed G:\gradle-8.8\bin\gradle.BAT
Some of requirements check failed

E:\code_cordova\demo\hello>cordova build android
Checking Java JDK and Android SDK versions
ANDROID_HOME=G:\Android\Sdk (recommended setting)
ANDROID_SDK_ROOT=undefined (DEPRECATED)
Using Android SDK: G:\Android\Sdk

BUILD SUCCESSFUL in 759ms
1 actionable task: 1 up-to-date
Subproject Path: CordovaLib
Subproject Path: app

BUILD SUCCESSFUL in 1s
50 actionable tasks: 50 up-to-date
Built the following apk(s):
        E:\code_cordova\demo\hello\platforms\android\app\build\outputs\apk\debug\app-debug.apk

E:\code_cordova\demo\hello>cordova emulate android
Checking Java JDK and Android SDK versions
ANDROID_HOME=G:\Android\Sdk (recommended setting)
ANDROID_SDK_ROOT=undefined (DEPRECATED)
Using Android SDK: G:\Android\Sdk

BUILD SUCCESSFUL in 703ms
1 actionable task: 1 up-to-date
Subproject Path: CordovaLib
Subproject Path: app

BUILD SUCCESSFUL in 1s
50 actionable tasks: 50 up-to-date
Built the following apk(s):
        E:\code_cordova\demo\hello\platforms\android\app\build\outputs\apk\debug\app-debug.apk
Checking Java JDK and Android SDK versions
ANDROID_HOME=G:\Android\Sdk (recommended setting)
ANDROID_SDK_ROOT=undefined (DEPRECATED)
Using Android SDK: G:\Android\Sdk
// 这里报错了,不用管 Command failed with exit code
1: apkanalyzer manifest target-sdk E:\code_cordova\demo\hello\platforms\android\app\build\outputs\apk\debug\app-debug.apk 'sh' �����ڲ����ⲿ���Ҳ���ǿ����еij��� ���������ļ��� E:\code_cordova\demo\hello>cordova run android Checking Java JDK and Android SDK versions ANDROID_HOME=G:\Android\Sdk (recommended setting) ANDROID_SDK_ROOT=undefined (DEPRECATED) Using Android SDK: G:\Android\Sdk BUILD SUCCESSFUL in 695ms 1 actionable task: 1 up-to-date Subproject Path: CordovaLib Subproject Path: app BUILD SUCCESSFUL in 1s 50 actionable tasks: 50 up-to-date Built the following apk(s): E:\code_cordova\demo\hello\platforms\android\app\build\outputs\apk\debug\app-debug.apk Checking Java JDK and Android SDK versions ANDROID_HOME=G:\Android\Sdk (recommended setting) ANDROID_SDK_ROOT=undefined (DEPRECATED) Using Android SDK: G:\Android\Sdk Deploying to device MO22080402200045 Using apk: E:\code_cordova\demo\hello\platforms\android\app\build\outputs\apk\debug\app-debug.apk Package name: com.example.hello INSTALL SUCCESS LAUNCH SUCCESS E:\code_cordova\demo\hello>

 

posted @ 2024-06-11 12:03  sunshine233  阅读(393)  评论(8编辑  收藏  举报