并发工具CountDownLatch源码分析

  CountDownLatch的作用类似于Thread.join()方法,但比join()更加灵活。它可以等待多个线程(取决于实例化时声明的数量)都达到预期状态或者完成工作以后,通知其他正在等待的线程继续执行。简单的说,Thread.join()是等待具体的一个线程执行完毕,CountDownLatch等待多个线程。

  如果需要统计4个文件中的内容行数,可以用4个线程分别执行,然后用一个线程等待统计结果,最后执行数据汇总。这样场景就适合使用CountDownLatch。

  本篇从CountDownLatch的源码分析它的原理机制。再给出一个简单的使用案例。

  

  首先认识一下CountDownLatch中的内部类:

private static final class Sync extends AbstractQueuedSynchronizer {
        private static final long serialVersionUID = 4982264981922014374L;

        Sync(int count) {
            setState(count);   // 更新AQS中的state
        }

        int getCount() {
            return getState();
        }

        protected int tryAcquireShared(int acquires) {
            return (getState() == 0) ? 1 : -1;
        }

        protected boolean tryReleaseShared(int releases) {
            // Decrement count; signal when transition to zero
            for (;;) {
                int c = getState();
                if (c == 0)
                    return false;
                int nextc = c-1;
                if (compareAndSetState(c, nextc))
                    return nextc == 0;
            }
        }
    }

  其实CountDownLatch的机制和ReentrantLock有点像,都是利用AQS(AbstractQueuedSynchronizer)来实现的。CountDownLatch的内部类Sync继承AQS,重写了tryAcquireShared()方法和tryReleaseShared()方法。这里的重点是CountDownLatch的构造函数需要传入一个int值count,就是等待的线程数。这个count被Sync用来直接更新为AQS中的state。

  

1、await()等待方法

//CountDownLatch
public
void await() throws InterruptedException { sync.acquireSharedInterruptibly(1); } //AQS public final void acquireSharedInterruptibly(int arg) throws InterruptedException { if (Thread.interrupted()) throw new InterruptedException(); if (tryAcquireShared(arg) < 0) // 1 doAcquireSharedInterruptibly(arg); // 2   } //Sync protected int tryAcquireShared(int acquires) { return (getState() == 0) ? 1 : -1; } //AQS private void doAcquireSharedInterruptibly(int arg) throws InterruptedException { final Node node = addWaiter(Node.SHARED); boolean failed = true; try { for (;;) { final Node p = node.predecessor(); if (p == head) { int r = tryAcquireShared(arg); if (r >= 0) { setHeadAndPropagate(node, r); p.next = null; // help GC failed = false; return; } } if (shouldParkAfterFailedAcquire(p, node) && parkAndCheckInterrupt()) throw new InterruptedException(); } } finally { if (failed) cancelAcquire(node); } }
  1. 调用AQS中的tryAcquireShared()方法时,Sync重写了tryAcquireShared()方法,获取state,判断state是否为0。
  2. 如果不为0,调用doAcquireSharedInterruptibly()方法,将线程加入队列,挂起线程。

2、countDown()

public void countDown() {
        sync.releaseShared(1);
    }
//AQS
public final boolean releaseShared(int arg) { if (tryReleaseShared(arg)) { doReleaseShared(); return true; } return false; }
//Sync
protected boolean tryReleaseShared(int releases) { // Decrement count; signal when transition to zero for (;;) { int c = getState(); if (c == 0) return false; int nextc = c-1; if (compareAndSetState(c, nextc)) return nextc == 0; } }

  重点也是在于Sync重写的tryReleaseShared()方法。利用CAS算法将state减1。如果state减到0,说明所有工作线程都执行完毕,那么就唤醒等待队列中的线程。

使用示例:

public class CountDownLatchTest {
    private static CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(3);
    private static ThreadPoolExecutor threadPool = new ThreadPoolExecutor(5, 5,
            0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,
            new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>(10));
    
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //等待线程
        for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
            String threadName = "等待线程 " + i;
            threadPool.execute(new Runnable() {
                
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    try {
                        System.out.println(threadName + " 正在等待...");
                        //等待
                        countDownLatch.await();
                        System.out.println(threadName + " 结束等待...");
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
            });
        }
        //工作线程
        for (int i = 2; i < 5; i++) {
            String threadName = "工作线程 " + i;
            threadPool.execute(new Runnable() {
                
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    try {
                        System.out.println(threadName + " 进入...");
                        //沉睡1秒
                        TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(1000);
                        System.out.println(threadName + " 完成...");
                        //通知
                        countDownLatch.countDown();
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
            });
        }
        
        threadPool.shutdown();
    }
}

 

  执行结果为:

等待线程 1 正在等待...
等待线程 0 正在等待...
工作线程 2 进入...
工作线程 3 进入...
工作线程 4 进入...
工作线程 3 完成...
工作线程 2 完成...
工作线程 4 完成...
等待线程 0 结束等待...
等待线程 1 结束等待...

  从结果也能看到,等待线程先执行,调用countDownLatch.await()方法开始等待。每个工作线程工作完成以后,都调用countDownLatch.countDown()方法,告知自己的任务完成。countDownLatch初始参数为3,所以3个工作线程都告知自己结束以后,等待线程才开始工作。

 

posted @ 2019-02-15 16:43  阳光、大地和诗歌  阅读(246)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报