Url rewrite详细分析
from:http://www.cnblogs.com/oop/archive/2005/08/09/210929.html
.Text(博客园)Url rewrite详细分析
在写这篇随笔之前,其实网上早已有高手分析了.text的urlrewrite的实现(点击这里查看全文),问题是作为一个初学者的我,看了以后,感觉没有切中要害。所以,产生了写这篇dd的冲动。
从头说起,.text是通过httpModules和httpHandlers来实现urlrewrite的,看看web.config中的配置
看看第11行,配置了Dottext.Common.UrlManager.UrlReWriteModule这个httpModule,很显然,从名字来看,它就是实现urlrewrite功能的httpmodule,去看看它的源代码
代码有点长,不过没关系,结构还是很清晰的。用户发出的url请求,在context_BeginRequest中进行了第一次过滤,这个函数把url做了一下归整,判断来自用户的请求是 应用程序根目录下的.aspx文件,如果是则不进行urlrewrite(由UrlHelper.SetEnableUrlReWriting这个函数进行设置)。什么?看不懂regexPath = new Regex(@"^/?(\w|-|_)+\.aspx$",……); 这句话?建议你去看一下正则表达式,这里的意思是指,需要匹配的字符串所对应的文件是否在根目录下,举例来说,
/contact.aspx
default.aspx
匹配,而
/oop80/default.aspx
则不匹配,
总而言之,context_BeginRequest函数把对根目录下.aspx文件的请求,以及webservice,设置成不需要进行urlrewrite,其余的,则需要进行下一步的处理,在什么地方处理呢,我们来看看web.config中的配置,第8行,很清晰的告诉我们,在Dottext.Common.UrlManager.UrlReWriteHandlerFactory中,会对用户的请求做进一步分析和处理。 来看看源代码
代码很长,但是它是实现urlrewrite的关键,我们来分析分析看。
UrlReWriteHandlerFactory实现了IHttpHandlerFactory接口,而IHttpHandlerFactory最关键的地方在于GetHandler这个函数接口,所以我们从GetHandler函数入手。
首先是 HttpHandler [] items = GetHttpHandlers(context); 通过查看GetHttpHandlers的定义,可以得知返回的其实是HandlerConfiguration中一个叫HttpHandlers的属性,它的值,是通过这么一句话来进行初始化的,return ((HandlerConfiguration)ConfigurationSettings.GetConfig("HandlerConfiguration")); 想必大家现在都明白了,HandlerConfiguration对象是通过将web.config中<HandlerConfiguration>节进行反序列化获得的,关于ConfigurationSettings.GetConfig的使用,网上已经有很多了,在这里就不重复劳动了。看看web.config中的HandlerConfiguration节
其实在visual studio.net中看这段代码会更加清楚一点,这里的每一个pattern其实都会建立对应的Regex ,来对用户请求的url进行匹配,下面的代码会很详细说明这一点,我们往下看。
接下来是一个循环,循环中执行这么一句话
if (items[i].IsMatch(Dottext.Framework.Util.Globals.RemoveAppFromPath(context.Request.Path,context.Request.ApplicationPath))) {...}
它把web.config中每一个httphandler来匹配用户的请求,IsMatch函数中会根据pattern建立相应的Regex,并调用Regex.IsMatch函数,如果请求匹配该pattern,则调用对应的模块来进行处理。很显然,这里是实现urlrewrite的关键之处,比如,请求的是这么一个url
http://oop80.cnblogs.com/archive/2005/08/09/210550.html
那么,他就会匹配这一个handler
<HttpHandler pattern="/archive/\d{4}/\d{2}/\d{2}/\d+\.(aspx|htm)$" controls="viewpost.ascx,Comments.ascx,AnonymousPostComment.ascx,LoginPostComment.ascx" />
那么,程序就会调用 viewpost.ascx,Comments.ascx,AnonymousPostComment.ascx,LoginPostComment.ascx 来处理用户的请求,
又如,请求这么一个url
http://oop80.cnblogs.com/category/23435.aspx
匹配
<HttpHandler pattern="/(?:category|stories)/(\w|\s)+\.aspx$" controls="CategoryEntryList.ascx" />
最后程序是一个switch语句,根据handlertype的不同进行各种处理,具体就不在解释了,因为……这一段我自己也没有进行更深入一步的研究,里面还有一些细节,如SetControls的控件在什么地方载入,GetCompiledPageInstance函数的具体用法等等。不过,这些东西终归和urlrewrite没多大关系了,不在我们讨论的范围之内。
请大家多多指教,谢谢
从头说起,.text是通过httpModules和httpHandlers来实现urlrewrite的,看看web.config中的配置
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<httpHandlers>
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<!-- Can not see to load asmx like .aspx, since we will grap all requests later, make sure these are processed by their default factory -->
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<add verb="*" path="*.asmx" type="System.Web.Services.Protocols.WebServiceHandlerFactory, System.Web.Services, Version=1.0.5000.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a"
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validate="false" />
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<!--Since we are grabbing all requests after this, make sure Error.aspx does not rely on .Text -->
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<add verb="*" path="Error.aspx" type="System.Web.UI.PageHandlerFactory" />
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<!--This will process any ext mapped to aspnet_isapi.dll -->
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<add verb="*" path="*" type="Dottext.Common.UrlManager.UrlReWriteHandlerFactory,Dottext.Common" />
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</httpHandlers>
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<httpModules>
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<add name="UrlReWriteModule" type="Dottext.Common.UrlManager.UrlReWriteModule, Dottext.Common" />
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<add name="EventHttpModule" type="Dottext.Framework.ScheduledEvents.EventHttpModule, Dottext.Framework" />
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<!--<add name="MsftBlogsHttpModule" type= "AspNetWeb.MsftBlogsHttpModule, MsftBlogsHttpModule" />-->
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</httpModules>
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看看第11行,配置了Dottext.Common.UrlManager.UrlReWriteModule这个httpModule,很显然,从名字来看,它就是实现urlrewrite功能的httpmodule,去看看它的源代码
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static UrlReWriteModule()
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{
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regexPath = new Regex(@"^/?(\w|-|_)+\.aspx$",RegexOptions.IgnoreCase|RegexOptions.Compiled);
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regexApplication = new Regex(HttpContext.Current.Request.ApplicationPath,RegexOptions.IgnoreCase|RegexOptions.Compiled);
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}
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private void context_BeginRequest(object sender, EventArgs e)
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{
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if(ConfigProvider.Instance().IsAggregateSite)
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{
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HttpContext context = ((HttpApplication)sender).Context;
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string path = context.Request.Path.ToLower();
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int iExtraStuff = path.IndexOf(".aspx");
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if(iExtraStuff > -1 || path.IndexOf(".") == -1)
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{
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if(iExtraStuff > -1)
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{
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path = path.Remove(iExtraStuff+5,path.Length - (iExtraStuff+5));
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}
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path = regexApplication.Replace(path,string.Empty,1,0);
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if(path == "" || path == "/" || regexPath.IsMatch(path))
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{
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UrlHelper.SetEnableUrlReWriting(context,false);
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}
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}
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else if(context.Request.Path.ToLower().IndexOf("services") > 0 && context.Request.Path.ToLower().IndexOf(".asmx") > 0 )
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{
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if(AlllowService(context))
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{
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if(context.Request.RequestType!="POST")
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{
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string regexstr=@"/\w+/services/";
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string url=Regex.Replace(context.Request.RawUrl,regexstr,"/services/",RegexOptions.IgnoreCase);
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context.RewritePath(url);
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}
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//string fileName =context.Request; //System.IO.Path.GetFileName(context.Request.Path);
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//context.RewritePath("~/Services/" + fileName);
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}
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else
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{
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context.Response.Clear();
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context.Response.End();
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}
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}
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}
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}
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代码有点长,不过没关系,结构还是很清晰的。用户发出的url请求,在context_BeginRequest中进行了第一次过滤,这个函数把url做了一下归整,判断来自用户的请求是 应用程序根目录下的.aspx文件,如果是则不进行urlrewrite(由UrlHelper.SetEnableUrlReWriting这个函数进行设置)。什么?看不懂regexPath = new Regex(@"^/?(\w|-|_)+\.aspx$",……); 这句话?建议你去看一下正则表达式,这里的意思是指,需要匹配的字符串所对应的文件是否在根目录下,举例来说,
/contact.aspx
default.aspx
匹配,而
/oop80/default.aspx
则不匹配,
总而言之,context_BeginRequest函数把对根目录下.aspx文件的请求,以及webservice,设置成不需要进行urlrewrite,其余的,则需要进行下一步的处理,在什么地方处理呢,我们来看看web.config中的配置,第8行,很清晰的告诉我们,在Dottext.Common.UrlManager.UrlReWriteHandlerFactory中,会对用户的请求做进一步分析和处理。 来看看源代码
1
public class UrlReWriteHandlerFactory: IHttpHandlerFactory
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{
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public UrlReWriteHandlerFactory(){} //Nothing to do in the cnstr
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protected virtual HttpHandler[] GetHttpHandlers(HttpContext context)
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{
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return HandlerConfiguration.Instance().HttpHandlers;
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}
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/// <summary>
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/// Implementation of IHttpHandlerFactory. By default, it will load an array of HttpHanlder (Dottext.UrlManager.HttpHandler) from
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/// the blog.config. This can be changed, by overrideing the GetHttpHandlers(HttpContext context) method.
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/// </summary>
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/// <param name="context">Current HttpContext</param>
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/// <param name="requestType">Request Type (Passed along to other IHttpHandlerFactory's)</param>
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/// <param name="url">The current requested url. (Passed along to other IHttpHandlerFactory's)</param>
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/// <param name="path">The physical path of the current request. Is not gaurenteed to exist (Passed along to other IHttpHandlerFactory's)</param>
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/// <returns>
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/// Returns an Instance of IHttpHandler either by loading an instance of IHttpHandler or by returning an other
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/// IHttpHandlerFactory.GetHanlder(HttpContext context, string requestType, string url, string path) method
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/// </returns>
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public virtual IHttpHandler GetHandler(HttpContext context, string requestType, string url, string path)
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{
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//Get the Handlers to process. By defualt, we grab them from the blog.config
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//Dottext.Framework.Logger.LogManager.Log("url",context.Request.Path);
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HttpHandler[] items = GetHttpHandlers(context);
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//Dottext.Framework.Logger.LogManager.Log("path",Dottext.Framework.Util.Globals.RemoveAppFromPath(context.Request.Path,context.Request.ApplicationPath));
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//Do we have any?
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if(items != null)
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{
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int count = items.Length;
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for(int i = 0; i<count; i++)
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{
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//We should use our own cached Regex. This should limit the number of Regex's created
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//and allows us to take advantage of RegexOptons.Compiled
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if(items[i].IsMatch(Dottext.Framework.Util.Globals.RemoveAppFromPath(context.Request.Path,context.Request.ApplicationPath)))
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{
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//throw new Exception();
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switch(items[i].HandlerType)
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{
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case HandlerType.Page://默认是Page
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return ProccessHandlerTypePage(items[i],context,requestType,url);
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case HandlerType.Direct:
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HandlerConfiguration.SetControls(context,items[i].BlogControls);
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return (IHttpHandler)items[i].Instance();
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case HandlerType.Factory:
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//Pass a long the request to a custom IHttpHandlerFactory
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return ((IHttpHandlerFactory)items[i].Instance()).GetHandler(context,requestType,url,path);
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default:
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throw new Exception("Invalid HandlerType: Unknown");
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}
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}
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}
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}
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//If we do not find the page, just let ASP.NET take over
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return PageHandlerFactory.GetHandler(context,requestType,url, path);
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}
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private IHttpHandler ProccessHandlerTypePage(HttpHandler item, HttpContext context, string requestType, string url)
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{
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string pagepath = item.FullPageLocation;
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if(pagepath == null)
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{
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pagepath = HandlerConfiguration.Instance().FullPageLocation;
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}
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HandlerConfiguration.SetControls(context,item.BlogControls);
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IHttpHandler myhandler=PageParser.GetCompiledPageInstance(url,pagepath,context);
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return myhandler;
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}
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public virtual void ReleaseHandler(IHttpHandler handler)
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{
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}
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}
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代码很长,但是它是实现urlrewrite的关键,我们来分析分析看。
UrlReWriteHandlerFactory实现了IHttpHandlerFactory接口,而IHttpHandlerFactory最关键的地方在于GetHandler这个函数接口,所以我们从GetHandler函数入手。
首先是 HttpHandler [] items = GetHttpHandlers(context); 通过查看GetHttpHandlers的定义,可以得知返回的其实是HandlerConfiguration中一个叫HttpHandlers的属性,它的值,是通过这么一句话来进行初始化的,return ((HandlerConfiguration)ConfigurationSettings.GetConfig("HandlerConfiguration")); 想必大家现在都明白了,HandlerConfiguration对象是通过将web.config中<HandlerConfiguration>节进行反序列化获得的,关于ConfigurationSettings.GetConfig的使用,网上已经有很多了,在这里就不重复劳动了。看看web.config中的HandlerConfiguration节
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<HandlerConfiguration defaultPageLocation="default.aspx" type="Dottext.Common.UrlManager.HandlerConfiguration, Dottext.Common">
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<HttpHandlers>
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<HttpHandler pattern="(\.config|\.asax|\.ascx|\.config|\.cs|\.vb|\.vbproj|\.asp|\.licx|\.resx|\.resources)$" type="Dottext.Framework.UrlManager.HttpForbiddenHandler, Dottext.Framework" handlerType="Direct" />
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<HttpHandler pattern="(\.gif|\.js|\.jpg|\.zip|\.jpeg|\.jpe|\.css|\.rar|\.xml|\.xsl)$" type="Dottext.Common.UrlManager.BlogStaticFileHandler, Dottext.Common" handlerType="Direct" />
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<HttpHandler pattern="/rss\.aspx$" type="Dottext.Common.Syndication.RssHandler, Dottext.Common" handlerType="Direct" />
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<HttpHandler pattern="/CommentsRSS\.aspx$" type="Dottext.Common.Syndication.RecentCommentsRSS, Dottext.Common" handlerType="Direct" />
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<HttpHandler pattern = "/RecentCommentsRSS\.aspx$" type = "Dottext.Common.Syndication.RecentCommentsRSS, Dottext.Common" handlerType = "Direct" />
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<HttpHandler pattern="/atom\.aspx$" type="Dottext.Common.Syndication.AtomHandler, Dottext.Common" handlerType="Direct" />
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<HttpHandler pattern="/comments/commentRss/\d+\.aspx$" type="Dottext.Common.Syndication.RssCommentHandler, Dottext.Common" handlerType="Direct" />
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<HttpHandler pattern="/aggbug/\d+\.aspx$" type="Dottext.Framework.Tracking.AggBugHandler, Dottext.Framework" handlerType="Direct" />
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<HttpHandler pattern="/customcss\.aspx$" type="Dottext.Web.UI.Handlers.BlogSecondaryCssHandler, Dottext.Web" handlerType="Direct" />
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<HttpHandler pattern="/category\/(\d|\w|\s)+\.aspx/rss$" type="Dottext.Common.Syndication.RssCategoryHandler, Dottext.Common" handlerType="Direct" />
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<HttpHandler pattern="/favorite\/(\d|\w|\s)+\.aspx/rss$" type="Dottext.Common.Syndication.RssLinksHandler, Dottext.Common" handlerType="Direct" />
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<HttpHandler pattern="/articles/\d+\.aspx$" controls="viewpost.ascx,Comments.ascx,AnonymousPostComment.ascx,LoginPostComment.ascx" />
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<HttpHandler pattern="/articles/\w+\.aspx$" controls="viewpost.ascx,Comments.ascx,AnonymousPostComment.ascx,LoginPostComment.ascx" />
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<HttpHandler pattern="/PreviewPost.aspx$" controls="PreviewPost.ascx" />
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<HttpHandler pattern="/archive/\d{4}/\d{2}/\d{2}/\d+\.(aspx|htm)$" controls="viewpost.ascx,Comments.ascx,AnonymousPostComment.ascx,LoginPostComment.ascx" />
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<HttpHandler pattern="/archive/\d{4}/\d{2}/\d{2}/\w+\.(aspx|htm)$" controls="viewpost.ascx,Comments.ascx,AnonymousPostComment.ascx,LoginPostComment.ascx" />
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<HttpHandler pattern="/archive/\d{4}/\d{1,2}/\d{1,2}\.aspx$" controls="ArchiveDay.ascx" />
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<HttpHandler pattern="/archive/\d{4}/\d{1,2}\.aspx$" controls="ArchiveMonth.ascx" />
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<HttpHandler pattern="/archives/\d{4}/\d{1,2}\.aspx$" controls="ArticleArchiveMonth.ascx" />
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<HttpHandler pattern="/contact\.aspx$" controls="Contact.ascx" />
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<HttpHandler pattern="/AddToFavorite\.aspx$" handlerType="Page" pageLocation="AddToFavorite.aspx" />
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<HttpHandler pattern="/BlogSearch\.aspx$" controls="BlogSearch.ascx" />
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<HttpHandler pattern="/posts/|/story/|/archive/" type="Dottext.Web.UI.Handlers.RedirectHandler,Dottext.Web" handlerType="Direct" />
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<HttpHandler pattern="/gallery\/\d+\.aspx$" controls="GalleryThumbNailViewer.ascx" />
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<HttpHandler pattern="/gallery\/image\/\d+\.aspx$" controls="ViewPicture.ascx" />
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<HttpHandler pattern="/(?:category|stories)/(\w|\s)+\.aspx$" controls="CategoryEntryList.ascx" />
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<HttpHandler pattern="/favorite/(\w|\s)+\.aspx$" controls="FavoriteList.ascx" />
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<HttpHandler pattern="/(?:admin)" type="Dottext.Web.UI.Handlers.BlogExistingPageHandler, Dottext.Web" handlerType="Factory" />
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<!--<HttpHandler pattern = "^(?:\/(\w|\s|\.(?!aspx))+((\/login\.aspx)?|(\/?))?)$" type = "Dottext.Web.UI.Handlers.BlogExistingPageHandler, Dottext.Web" handlerType = "Factory" />-->
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<!--<HttpHandler pattern = "^(?:/\w+\/(\w|\s|\.)+\/(?:admin|logout\.aspx|login\.aspx))" type = "Dottext.Web.UI.Handlers.BlogExistingPageHandler, Dottext.Web" handlerType = "Factory" />-->
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<HttpHandler pattern="/comments\/\d+\.aspx$" type="Dottext.Common.Syndication.CommentHandler, Dottext.Common" handlerType="Direct" />
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<HttpHandler pattern="/services\/trackbacks/\d+\.aspx$" type="Dottext.Framework.Tracking.TrackBackHandler, Dottext.Framework" handlerType="Direct" />
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<HttpHandler pattern="/services\/pingback\.aspx$" type="Dottext.Framework.Tracking.PingBackService, Dottext.Framework" handlerType="Direct" />
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<HttpHandler pattern="/services\/metablogapi\.aspx$" type="Dottext.Framework.XmlRpc.MetaWeblog, Dottext.Framework" handlerType="Direct" />
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<HttpHandler pattern="/Services\/SyncHanlder\.aspx$" handlerType="Page" pageLocation="Sevices/DottextAPI.aspx" />
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<!-- 只显示文章标题列表 -->
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<!--<HttpHandler pattern="^((/default\.aspx)|(/)|(/index\.aspx))$" controls="CategoryPostsList.ascx" />-->
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<!-- 显示文章内容 -->
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<HttpHandler pattern="^((/default\.aspx)|(/)|(/index\.aspx))$" controls="PagedPosts.ascx" />
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<HttpHandler pattern="^(/posts\.aspx)$" controls="PagedPosts.ascx" />
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<!--<HttpHandler pattern = "/services/\w+.asmx$" type="System.Web.Services.Protocols.WebServiceHandlerFactory, System.Web.Services, Version=1.0.5000.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a" handlerType = "Factory" />-->
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<HttpHandler pattern = "^(?:\/(\w|\s|\.(?!aspx))+((\/default\.aspx)?|(\/?))?)$" controls = "homepage.ascx"/>
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<!--<HttpHandler pattern="^(?:/\w+\/(\w|\s|\.(?!aspx))+((\/default\.aspx)?|(\/?))?)$" controls="homepage.ascx" />-->
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</HttpHandlers>
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</HandlerConfiguration>
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其实在visual studio.net中看这段代码会更加清楚一点,这里的每一个pattern其实都会建立对应的Regex ,来对用户请求的url进行匹配,下面的代码会很详细说明这一点,我们往下看。
接下来是一个循环,循环中执行这么一句话
if (items[i].IsMatch(Dottext.Framework.Util.Globals.RemoveAppFromPath(context.Request.Path,context.Request.ApplicationPath))) {...}
它把web.config中每一个httphandler来匹配用户的请求,IsMatch函数中会根据pattern建立相应的Regex,并调用Regex.IsMatch函数,如果请求匹配该pattern,则调用对应的模块来进行处理。很显然,这里是实现urlrewrite的关键之处,比如,请求的是这么一个url
http://oop80.cnblogs.com/archive/2005/08/09/210550.html
那么,他就会匹配这一个handler
<HttpHandler pattern="/archive/\d{4}/\d{2}/\d{2}/\d+\.(aspx|htm)$" controls="viewpost.ascx,Comments.ascx,AnonymousPostComment.ascx,LoginPostComment.ascx" />
那么,程序就会调用 viewpost.ascx,Comments.ascx,AnonymousPostComment.ascx,LoginPostComment.ascx 来处理用户的请求,
又如,请求这么一个url
http://oop80.cnblogs.com/category/23435.aspx
匹配
<HttpHandler pattern="/(?:category|stories)/(\w|\s)+\.aspx$" controls="CategoryEntryList.ascx" />
最后程序是一个switch语句,根据handlertype的不同进行各种处理,具体就不在解释了,因为……这一段我自己也没有进行更深入一步的研究,里面还有一些细节,如SetControls的控件在什么地方载入,GetCompiledPageInstance函数的具体用法等等。不过,这些东西终归和urlrewrite没多大关系了,不在我们讨论的范围之内。
请大家多多指教,谢谢
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