Java 集合 — HashMap
HashMap
- 无序(每次resize的时候都会变)
- 非线程安全
- key和value都看可以为null
- 使用数组和链表实现
- 查找元素的时候速度快
几个重要属性:
- loadFactor:用来计算threshold
- threshold:决定map是否需要扩容,threshold = capacity * loadFactor
构造函数
// 构造函数中初始化了threadhold和loadFactor
public HashMap(int initialCapacity, float loadFactor) {
if (initialCapacity < 0)
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal initial capacity: " +
initialCapacity);
if (initialCapacity > MAXIMUM_CAPACITY)
initialCapacity = MAXIMUM_CAPACITY;
if (loadFactor <= 0 || Float.isNaN(loadFactor))
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal load factor: " +
loadFactor);
this.loadFactor = loadFactor;
threshold = initialCapacity;
init();
}
put
public V put(K key, V value) {
if (table == EMPTY_TABLE) {
inflateTable(threshold);
}
if (key == null)
// 添加key为null的元素,因为key不能重复,只能有一个key为null的元素
return putForNullKey(value);
int hash = hash(key);
int i = indexFor(hash, table.length);
// 先查找链表里面是否存在key相同的entry,如果有就直接替换
for (Entry<K,V> e = table[i]; e != null; e = e.next) {
Object k;
if (e.hash == hash && ((k = e.key) == key || key.equals(k))) {
V oldValue = e.value;
e.value = value;
e.recordAccess(this);
return oldValue;
}
}
// 如果没有key相同的entry,新加一个entry
modCount++;
addEntry(hash, key, value, i);
return null;
}
// 取key的哈希值
final int hash(Object k) {
int h = hashSeed;
if (0 != h && k instanceof String) {
return sun.misc.Hashing.stringHash32((String) k);
}
h ^= k.hashCode();
// number of collisions (approximately 8 at default load factor).
// 因为hashCode如果写的不好的话可能会使碰撞出现的次数较多,所以使用移位运算再次hash
// 使用这中方法hash的原因:http://www.iteye.com/topic/709945
h ^= (h >>> 20) ^ (h >>> 12);
return h ^ (h >>> 7) ^ (h >>> 4);
}
void addEntry(int hash, K key, V value, int bucketIndex) {
if ((size >= threshold) && (null != table[bucketIndex])) {
// 如果size大于阈值threshold则扩容
resize(2 * table.length);
hash = (null != key) ? hash(key) : 0;
bucketIndex = indexFor(hash, table.length);
}
// 将entry添加到链表中
createEntry(hash, key, value, bucketIndex);
}
void resize(int newCapacity) {
Entry[] oldTable = table;
int oldCapacity = oldTable.length;
if (oldCapacity == MAXIMUM_CAPACITY) {
threshold = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
return;
}
Entry[] newTable = new Entry[newCapacity];
// 每次扩容之后都要重新散列元素,因为table.length 变化了
transfer(newTable, initHashSeedAsNeeded(newCapacity));
table = newTable;
threshold = (int)Math.min(newCapacity * loadFactor, MAXIMUM_CAPACITY + 1);
}
// 新建一个entry,并放入链表的头部
void createEntry(int hash, K key, V value, int bucketIndex) {
Entry<K,V> e = table[bucketIndex];
table[bucketIndex] = new Entry<>(hash, key, value, e);
size++;
}
Hashtable
- key和value都不能为null
- 线程安全(但是效率没有ConcurrentHashMap高,读写锁,分段锁)
- key必须实现hashCode和equals方法
- 无序
在实现上除了put、get等方法是synchronized和hash方法不同之外,基本和HashMap一样