Java 集合 — HashMap

HashMap

  • 无序(每次resize的时候都会变)
  • 非线程安全
  • key和value都看可以为null
  • 使用数组和链表实现
  • 查找元素的时候速度快

几个重要属性:

  • loadFactor:用来计算threshold
  • threshold:决定map是否需要扩容,threshold = capacity * loadFactor

构造函数

// 构造函数中初始化了threadhold和loadFactor
public HashMap(int initialCapacity, float loadFactor) {
    if (initialCapacity < 0)
        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal initial capacity: " +
                                           initialCapacity);
    if (initialCapacity > MAXIMUM_CAPACITY)
        initialCapacity = MAXIMUM_CAPACITY;
    if (loadFactor <= 0 || Float.isNaN(loadFactor))
        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal load factor: " +
                                           loadFactor);

    this.loadFactor = loadFactor;
    threshold = initialCapacity;
    init();
}

put

public V put(K key, V value) {
    if (table == EMPTY_TABLE) {
        inflateTable(threshold);
    }
    if (key == null)
    	// 添加key为null的元素,因为key不能重复,只能有一个key为null的元素
        return putForNullKey(value);
    int hash = hash(key);
    int i = indexFor(hash, table.length);
    // 先查找链表里面是否存在key相同的entry,如果有就直接替换
    for (Entry<K,V> e = table[i]; e != null; e = e.next) {
        Object k;
        if (e.hash == hash && ((k = e.key) == key || key.equals(k))) {
            V oldValue = e.value;
            e.value = value;
            e.recordAccess(this);
            return oldValue;
        }
    }

	// 如果没有key相同的entry,新加一个entry
    modCount++;
    addEntry(hash, key, value, i);
    return null;
}

// 取key的哈希值
final int hash(Object k) {
    int h = hashSeed;
    if (0 != h && k instanceof String) {
        return sun.misc.Hashing.stringHash32((String) k);
    }

    h ^= k.hashCode();

    // number of collisions (approximately 8 at default load factor).
    // 因为hashCode如果写的不好的话可能会使碰撞出现的次数较多,所以使用移位运算再次hash
    // 使用这中方法hash的原因:http://www.iteye.com/topic/709945
    h ^= (h >>> 20) ^ (h >>> 12);
    return h ^ (h >>> 7) ^ (h >>> 4);
}

void addEntry(int hash, K key, V value, int bucketIndex) {
    if ((size >= threshold) && (null != table[bucketIndex])) {
    	// 如果size大于阈值threshold则扩容
        resize(2 * table.length);
        hash = (null != key) ? hash(key) : 0;
        bucketIndex = indexFor(hash, table.length);
    }
	// 将entry添加到链表中
    createEntry(hash, key, value, bucketIndex);
}

void resize(int newCapacity) {
    Entry[] oldTable = table;
    int oldCapacity = oldTable.length;
    if (oldCapacity == MAXIMUM_CAPACITY) {
        threshold = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
        return;
    }

    Entry[] newTable = new Entry[newCapacity];
    // 每次扩容之后都要重新散列元素,因为table.length 变化了
    transfer(newTable, initHashSeedAsNeeded(newCapacity));
    table = newTable;
    threshold = (int)Math.min(newCapacity * loadFactor, MAXIMUM_CAPACITY + 1);
}

// 新建一个entry,并放入链表的头部
void createEntry(int hash, K key, V value, int bucketIndex) {
    Entry<K,V> e = table[bucketIndex];
    table[bucketIndex] = new Entry<>(hash, key, value, e);
    size++;
}

Hashtable

  • key和value都不能为null
  • 线程安全(但是效率没有ConcurrentHashMap高,读写锁,分段锁)
  • key必须实现hashCode和equals方法
  • 无序

在实现上除了put、get等方法是synchronized和hash方法不同之外,基本和HashMap一样

posted @ 2016-12-02 01:13  lacker  阅读(189)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报