如何在C#中使用全局鼠标、键盘Hook

今天，有个同事问我，怎样在C#中使用全局钩子？以前写的全局钩子都是用unmanaged C或C++写个DLL来实现，可大家都知道，C#是基于.Net Framework的，是managed，怎么实现全局钩子呢？于是开始到网上搜索，好不容易找到一篇，318804 - HOW TO: Set a Windows Hook in Visual C# .NET，里面详细的说明了如何使用鼠标钩子捕获鼠标的移动等，可是，它只能在Application里起作用，出了Application就没用了，就是说它还是没有实现全局钩子，而且文章结尾处说：“Global Hooks are not supported in the .NET Framework...”，这可怎么办呢？

　　别担心，办法总是有的，经过一番摸索以后，发现WH_KEYBORAD_LL和WH_MOUSE_LL这两个low-level的hook可以被安装成全局的，这就好办了，我们不妨用这两个low-level的hook替换掉WH_KEYBORAD和WH_MOUSE，于是开始测试。结果成功了，在C#里实现了全局钩子。

　　我们来看一下主要代码段。

　　首先倒入所需要的windows函数，主要有三个，SetWindowsHookEX用来安装钩子，UnhookWindowsHookEX用来卸载钩子以及CallNextHookEX用来将hook信息传递到链表中下一个hook处理过程。

[DllImport("user32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto,
           CallingConvention = CallingConvention.StdCall, SetLastError = true)]
        private static extern int SetWindowsHookEx(
            int idHook,
            HookProc lpfn,
            IntPtr hMod,
            int dwThreadId);

[DllImport("user32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto,
            CallingConvention = CallingConvention.StdCall, SetLastError = true)]
        private static extern int UnhookWindowsHookEx(int idHook);

[DllImport("user32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto,
             CallingConvention = CallingConvention.StdCall)]
        private static extern int CallNextHookEx(
            int idHook,
            int nCode,
            int wParam,
            IntPtr lParam);

　　下面是有关这两个low-level hook在Winuser.h中的定义：

/**//// <summary>
        /// Windows NT/2000/XP: Installs a hook procedure that monitors low-level mouse input events.
        /// </summary>
        private const int WH_MOUSE_LL       = 14;
        /**//// <summary>
        /// Windows NT/2000/XP: Installs a hook procedure that monitors low-level keyboard  input events.
        /// </summary>
        private const int WH_KEYBOARD_LL    = 13;

　　在安装全局钩子的时候，我们就要做替换了，将WH_MOUSE和WH_KEYBORAD分别换成WH_MOUSE_LL和WH_KEYBORAD_LL：

//install hook
                hMouseHook = SetWindowsHookEx(
                    WH_MOUSE_LL,　//原来是WH_MOUSE
                    MouseHookProcedure,
                    Marshal.GetHINSTANCE(
                        Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().GetModules()[0]),
                    0);

//install hook
                hKeyboardHook = SetWindowsHookEx(
                    WH_KEYBOARD_LL, //原来是WH_KEYBORAD
                    KeyboardHookProcedure,
                    Marshal.GetHINSTANCE(
                    Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().GetModules()[0]),
                    0);

 

　　这样替换了之后，我们就可以实现全局钩子了，而且，不需要写DLL。看一下程序运行情况：

　　下面是关于鼠标和键盘的两个Callback函数：

private int MouseHookProc(int nCode, int wParam, IntPtr lParam)
        {
            // if ok and someone listens to our events
            if ((nCode >= 0) && (OnMouseActivity != null))
            {
                //Marshall the data from callback.
                MouseLLHookStruct mouseHookStruct = (MouseLLHookStruct)Marshal.PtrToStructure(lParam, typeof(MouseLLHookStruct));

                //detect button clicked
                MouseButtons button = MouseButtons.None;
                short mouseDelta = 0;
                switch (wParam)
                {
                    case WM_LBUTTONDOWN:
                        //case WM_LBUTTONUP: 
                        //case WM_LBUTTONDBLCLK: 
                        button = MouseButtons.Left;
                        break;
                    case WM_RBUTTONDOWN:
                        //case WM_RBUTTONUP: 
                        //case WM_RBUTTONDBLCLK: 
                        button = MouseButtons.Right;
                        break;
                    case WM_MOUSEWHEEL:
                        //If the message is WM_MOUSEWHEEL, the high-order word of mouseData member is the wheel delta. 
                        //One wheel click is defined as WHEEL_DELTA, which is 120. 
                        //(value >> 16) & 0xffff; retrieves the high-order word from the given 32-bit value
                        mouseDelta = (short)((mouseHookStruct.mouseData >> 16) & 0xffff);
                        //TODO: X BUTTONS (I havent them so was unable to test)
                        //If the message is WM_XBUTTONDOWN, WM_XBUTTONUP, WM_XBUTTONDBLCLK, WM_NCXBUTTONDOWN, WM_NCXBUTTONUP, 
                        //or WM_NCXBUTTONDBLCLK, the high-order word specifies which X button was pressed or released, 
                        //and the low-order word is reserved. This value can be one or more of the following values. 
                        //Otherwise, mouseData is not used. 
                        break;
                }

                //double clicks
                int clickCount = 0;
                if (button != MouseButtons.None)
                    if (wParam == WM_LBUTTONDBLCLK || wParam == WM_RBUTTONDBLCLK) clickCount = 2;
                    else clickCount = 1;

                //generate event 
                 MouseEventArgs e = new MouseEventArgs(
                                                    button,
                                                    clickCount,
                                                    mouseHookStruct.pt.x,
                                                    mouseHookStruct.pt.y,
                                                    mouseDelta);
                //raise it
                OnMouseActivity(this, e);
            }
            //call next hook
            return CallNextHookEx(hMouseHook, nCode, wParam, lParam);
        }

private int KeyboardHookProc(int nCode, Int32 wParam, IntPtr lParam)
        {
            //indicates if any of underlaing events set e.Handled flag
            bool handled = false;
            //it was ok and someone listens to events
            if ((nCode >= 0) && (KeyDown != null || KeyUp != null || KeyPress != null))
            {
                //read structure KeyboardHookStruct at lParam
                KeyboardHookStruct MyKeyboardHookStruct = (KeyboardHookStruct)Marshal.PtrToStructure(lParam, typeof(KeyboardHookStruct));
                //raise KeyDown
                if (KeyDown != null && (wParam == WM_KEYDOWN || wParam == WM_SYSKEYDOWN))
                {
                    Keys keyData = (Keys)MyKeyboardHookStruct.vkCode;
                    KeyEventArgs e = new KeyEventArgs(keyData);
                    KeyDown(this, e);
                    handled = handled || e.Handled;
                }

                // raise KeyPress
                if (KeyPress != null && wParam == WM_KEYDOWN)
                {
                    bool isDownShift = ((GetKeyState(VK_SHIFT) & 0x80) == 0x80 ? true : false);
                    bool isDownCapslock = (GetKeyState(VK_CAPITAL) != 0 ? true : false);

                    byte[] keyState = new byte[256];
                    GetKeyboardState(keyState);
                    byte[] inBuffer = new byte[2];
                    if (ToAscii(MyKeyboardHookStruct.vkCode,
                              MyKeyboardHookStruct.scanCode,
                              keyState,
                              inBuffer,
                              MyKeyboardHookStruct.flags) == 1)
                    {
                        char key = (char)inBuffer[0];
                        if ((isDownCapslock ^ isDownShift) && Char.IsLetter(key)) key = Char.ToUpper(key);
                        KeyPressEventArgs e = new KeyPressEventArgs(key);
                        KeyPress(this, e);
                        handled = handled || e.Handled;
                    }
                }

                // raise KeyUp
                if (KeyUp != null && (wParam == WM_KEYUP || wParam == WM_SYSKEYUP))
                {
                    Keys keyData = (Keys)MyKeyboardHookStruct.vkCode;
                    KeyEventArgs e = new KeyEventArgs(keyData);
                    KeyUp(this, e);
                    handled = handled || e.Handled;
                }

            }

            //if event handled in application do not handoff to other listeners
            if (handled)
                return 1;
            else
                return CallNextHookEx(hKeyboardHook, nCode, wParam, lParam);
        }

　　参考资料：MSDN