实验2

1、实验任务1：

（1）代码部分

  1 //t.h
  2 #pragma once
  3 
  4 #include <string>
  5 
  6 // 类T: 声明
  7 class T {
  8 // 对象属性、方法
  9 public:
 10     T(int x = 0, int y = 0);   // 普通构造函数
 11     T(const T &t);  // 复制构造函数
 12     T(T &&t);       // 移动构造函数
 13     ~T();           // 析构函数
 14 
 15     void adjust(int ratio);      // 按系数成倍调整数据
 16     void display() const;           // 以(m1, m2)形式显示T类对象信息
 17 
 18 private:
 19     int m1, m2;
 20 
 21 // 类属性、方法
 22 public:
 23     static int get_cnt();          // 显示当前T类对象总数
 24 
 25 public:
 26     static const std::string doc;       // 类T的描述信息
 27     static const int max_cnt;           // 类T对象上限
 28 
 29 private:
 30     static int cnt;         // 当前T类对象数目
 31 
 32 // 类T友元函数声明
 33     friend void func();
 34 };
 35 
 36 // 普通函数声明
 37 void func();
 38 
 39 
 40 
 41 //t.cpp
 42 // 类T: 实现
 43 // 普通函数实现
 44 
 45 #include "t.h"
 46 #include <iostream>
 47 #include <string>
 48 
 49 using std::cout;
 50 using std::endl;
 51 using std::string;
 52 
 53 // static成员数据类外初始化
 54 const std::string T::doc{"a simple class sample"};
 55 const int T::max_cnt = 999;
 56 int T::cnt = 0;
 57 
 58 
 59 // 对象方法
 60 T::T(int x, int y): m1{x}, m2{y} { 
 61     ++cnt; 
 62     cout << "T constructor called.\n";
 63 } 
 64 
 65 T::T(const T &t): m1{t.m1}, m2{t.m2} {
 66     ++cnt;
 67     cout << "T copy constructor called.\n";
 68 }
 69 
 70 T::T(T &&t): m1{t.m1}, m2{t.m2} {
 71     ++cnt;
 72     cout << "T move constructor called.\n";
 73 }    
 74 
 75 T::~T() {
 76     --cnt;
 77     cout << "T destructor called.\n";
 78 }           
 79 
 80 void T::adjust(int ratio) {
 81     m1 *= ratio;
 82     m2 *= ratio;
 83 }    
 84 
 85 void T::display() const {
 86     cout << "(" << m1 << ", " << m2 << ")" ;
 87 }     
 88 
 89 // 类方法
 90 int T::get_cnt() {
 91    return cnt;
 92 }
 93 
 94 // 友元
 95 void func() {
 96     T t5(42);
 97     t5.m2 = 2049;
 98     cout << "t5 = "; t5.display(); cout << endl;
 99 }
100 
101 
102 //task1
103 #include "t.h"
104 #include <iostream>
105 
106 using std::cout;
107 using std::endl;
108 
109 void test();
110 
111 int main() {
112     test();
113     cout << "\nmain: \n";
114     cout << "T objects'current count: " << T::get_cnt() << endl;
115 }
116 
117 void test() {
118     cout << "test class T: \n";
119     cout << "T info: " << T::doc << endl;
120     cout << "T objects'max count: " << T::max_cnt << endl;
121     cout << "T objects'current count: " << T::get_cnt() << endl << endl;
122 
123 
124     T t1;
125     cout << "t1 = "; t1.display(); cout << endl;
126 
127     T t2(3, 4);
128     cout << "t2 = "; t2.display(); cout << endl;
129 
130     T t3(t2);
131     t3.adjust(2);
132     cout << "t3 = "; t3.display(); cout << endl;
133 
134     T t4(std::move(t2));
135     cout << "t3 = "; t4.display(); cout << endl;
136 
137     cout << "T objects'current count: " << T::get_cnt() << endl;
138 
139     func();
140 }
View Code

（2）运行结果

（3）问题1：

 　　 不能运行

 　　 func函数在类内仅声明了友元关系，并没有对函数进行声明

 

　　  问题2：

　　  普通构造函数：根据传入参数为m1,m2赋值，若没有参数则按默认值赋值；

　　  复制构造函数：根据传入的类，将类的成员值复制给m1,m2；

　　  移动构造函数：将另一个类的成员值移动到当前类中； 　　

　　  析构顺序：t5,t4,t3,t2,t1;

 

　　  问题3：

　　 编译错误 

　　

2、实验任务2：

（1）代码部分：

  1 //complex.h
  2 #ifndef X_H
  3 #define X_H
  4 #include<string>
  5 using std::string;
  6 
  7 class Complex{
  8 public:
  9     Complex(double x=0.0,double y=0.0);
 10     Complex(const Complex &c);
 11     double get_real();
 12     double get_imag();
 13     void add(const Complex &c);
 14     friend Complex add(const Complex &c1,const Complex &c2);
 15     friend bool is_equal(const Complex &c1,const Complex &c2);
 16     friend bool is_not_equal(const Complex &c1,const Complex &c2);
 17     friend double abs(const Complex &c);
 18     friend void output(const Complex &c);
 19 private:
 20     double num1;
 21     double num2;
 22 public:
 23     static const string doc; 
 24 };
 25 
 26 #endif
 27 
 28 //complex.cpp
 29 #include<iostream>
 30 #include<math.h>
 31 #include "Complex.h"
 32 using std::cout;
 33 using std::endl;
 34 using std::string; 
 35 
 36 const string Complex::doc{"a simplified Complex class"};
 37 Complex::Complex(double x,double y):num1{x},num2{y}{};
 38 Complex::Complex(const Complex &c):num1{c.num1},num2{c.num2}{};
 39 double Complex::get_real(){
 40     return num1;
 41 }
 42 double Complex::get_imag(){
 43     return num2;
 44 }
 45 void Complex::add(const Complex &c){
 46     num1+=c.num1;
 47     num2+=c.num2; 
 48 }
 49 Complex add(const Complex &c1,const Complex &c2){
 50     Complex c3(c1.num1+c2.num1,c1.num2+c2.num2);
 51     return c3;
 52 }
 53 bool is_equal(const Complex &c1,const Complex &c2){
 54     if(c1.num1==c2.num1&&c1.num2==c2.num2)
 55     return true;
 56     return false;
 57 }
 58 bool is_not_equal(const Complex &c1,const Complex &c2){
 59     if(c1.num1!=c2.num1||c1.num2!=c2.num2)
 60     return true;
 61     return false;
 62 }
 63 double abs(const Complex &c){
 64     return sqrt(c.num1*c.num1+c.num2*c.num2);
 65 }
 66 void output(const Complex &c){
 67     if(c.num2>=0)
 68     cout<<c.num1<<"+"<<c.num2<<'i'<<endl;
 69     cout<<c.num1<<c.num2<<'i'<<endl;
 70 }
 71 
 72 //task2
 73 // 待补足（多文件组织代码时，需要包含的头文件）
 74 #include <iostream>
 75 #include<math.h>
 76 #include<string>
 77 #include "Complex.h"
 78 
 79 using std::cout;
 80 using std::endl;
 81 using std::boolalpha;
 82 using std::string; 
 83 
 84 void test() {
 85     cout << "类成员测试: " << endl;
 86     cout << Complex::doc << endl;
 87 
 88     cout << endl;
 89 
 90     cout << "Complex对象测试: " << endl;
 91     Complex c1;
 92     Complex c2(3, -4);
 93     const Complex c3(3.5);
 94     Complex c4(c3);
 95 
 96     cout << "c1 = "; output(c1); cout << endl;
 97     cout << "c2 = "; output(c2); cout << endl;
 98     cout << "c3 = "; output(c3); cout << endl;
 99     cout << "c4 = "; output(c4); cout << endl;
100     cout << "c4.real = " << c4.get_real() << ", c4.imag = " << c4.get_imag() << endl;
101 
102     cout << endl;
103 
104     cout << "复数运算测试: " << endl;
105     cout << "abs(c2) = " << abs(c2) << endl;
106     c1.add(c2);
107     cout << "c1 += c2, c1 = "; output(c1); cout << endl;
108     cout << boolalpha;
109     cout << "c1 == c2 : " << is_equal(c1, c2) << endl;
110     cout << "c1 != c3 : " << is_not_equal(c1, c3) << endl;
111     c4 = add(c2, c3);
112     cout << "c4 = c2 + c3, c4 = "; output(c4); cout << endl;
113 }
114 
115 int main() {
116     test();
117 }
View Code

 

（2）运行结果：

 

3、实验任务3：

（1）代码部分：

 1 #include <iostream>
 2 #include <complex>
 3 
 4 using std::cout;
 5 using std::endl;
 6 using std::boolalpha;
 7 using std::complex;
 8 
 9 void test() {
10     cout << "标准库模板类comple测试: " << endl;
11     complex<double> c1;
12     complex<double> c2(3, -4);
13     const complex<double> c3(3.5);
14     complex<double> c4(c3);
15 
16     cout << "c1 = " << c1 << endl;
17     cout << "c2 = " << c2 << endl;
18     cout << "c3 = " << c3 << endl;
19     cout << "c4 = " << c4 << endl;
20     cout << "c4.real = " << c4.real() << ", c4.imag = " << c4.imag() << endl;
21     cout << endl;
22 
23     cout << "复数运算测试: " << endl;
24     cout << "abs(c2) = " << abs(c2) << endl;
25     c1 += c2;
26     cout << "c1 += c2, c1 = " << c1 << endl;
27     cout << boolalpha;
28     cout << "c1 == c2 : " << (c1 == c2) << endl;
29     cout << "c1 != c3 : " << (c1 != c3) << endl;
30     c4 = c2 + c3;
31     cout << "c4 = c2 + c3, c4 = " << c4 << endl;
32 }
33 
34 int main() {
35     test();
36 }
View Code

（2）运行结果:

 （3）对比任务：

　　问题1：进行复数运算时直接使用运算符号不用通过调用函数add；输出时直接使用cout不用调用output函数

　　问题2：通过与标准库的交互可以使类的操作更加简洁

 

4、实验任务4：

（1）代码部分：

  1 //Fraction.h
  2 #pragma once
  3 #include<string>
  4 
  5 using std::string;
  6 
  7 class Fraction
  8 {
  9 public:
 10     Fraction(int x=1,int y=1);
 11     Fraction(const Fraction &f);
 12     int get_up();
 13     int get_down();
 14     Fraction negative();
 15     friend void output(const Fraction &f);
 16     friend Fraction add(const Fraction &f1,const Fraction &f2);
 17     friend Fraction sub(const Fraction &f1,const Fraction &f2);
 18     friend Fraction mul(const Fraction &f1,const Fraction &f2);
 19     friend Fraction div(const Fraction &f1,const Fraction &f2);
 20 private:
 21     int up,down;
 22 public:
 23     static const string doc;
 24 };
 25 
 26 //Fraction.cpp
 27 #include<bits/stdc++.h>
 28 #include"Fraction.h"
 29 
 30 using namespace std;
 31 
 32 const string Fraction::doc{"Fraction类 v 0.01版.\n目前仅支持分数对象的构造、输出、加/减/乘/除运算.\n" };
 33 Fraction::Fraction(int x,int y):up{x},down{y}{};
 34 Fraction::Fraction(const Fraction &f):up{f.up},down{f.down}{};
 35 int Fraction::get_up() {
 36     return up;
 37 }
 38 int Fraction::get_down(){
 39     return down;
 40 }
 41 Fraction Fraction::negative(){
 42     Fraction f1(-1*up,down);
 43     return f1;
 44 }
 45 void output(const Fraction &f){
 46     if(f.up==0){
 47         cout<<0<<endl;
 48         return;
 49     }
 50     if(f.down==0){
 51         cout<<"分母不能为零"<<endl;
 52         return;
 53     }
 54     int num1=1,num2=1,mod=1,bigger;
 55     if(f.up<0){
 56         num1=-1;
 57     }
 58     if(f.down<0){
 59         num2=-1;
 60     }
 61     if(num1*f.up==num2*f.down)
 62     cout<<num1*num2<<endl;
 63     if(num1*f.up>num2*f.down)
 64     bigger=num1*f.up;
 65     else
 66     bigger=num2*f.down;
 67     for(int i=2;i<=bigger/2;i++){
 68         if(f.up%i==0&&f.down%i==0)
 69         mod=i;
 70     }
 71     if(f.down/mod==1||f.down/mod==-1){
 72 
 73         cout<<f.up/mod<<endl;
 74         return;
 75     }
 76     if(num1<0&&num2<0){
 77         cout<<f.up/mod*num1<<'/'<<f.down/mod*num2<<endl;
 78         return;
 79     }
 80     cout<<f.up/mod<<'/'<<f.down/mod<<endl;
 81 
 82 }
 83 Fraction add(const Fraction &f1,const Fraction &f2){
 84     Fraction f3(1);
 85     f3.up=f1.up*f2.down+f2.up*f1.down;
 86     f3.down=f1.down*f2.down;
 87     return f3;
 88 }
 89 Fraction sub(const Fraction &f1,const Fraction &f2){
 90     Fraction f3(1);
 91     f3.up=f1.up*f2.down-f2.up*f1.down;
 92     f3.down=f1.down*f2.down;
 93     return f3;
 94 }
 95 Fraction mul(const Fraction &f1,const Fraction &f2){
 96     Fraction f3(1);
 97     f3.up=f1.up*f2.up;
 98     f3.down=f1.down*f2.down;
 99     return f3;
100 }
101 Fraction div(const Fraction &f1,const Fraction &f2){
102     Fraction f3(1);
103     f3.up=f1.up*f2.down;
104     f3.down=f1.down*f2.up;
105     return f3;
106 }
107 
108 //main.cpp
109 #include "Fraction.h"
110 #include <iostream>
111 
112 using std::cout;
113 using std::endl;
114 
115 
116 void test1() {
117     cout << "Fraction类测试: " << endl;
118     cout << Fraction::doc << endl << endl;
119 
120     Fraction f1(5);
121     Fraction f2(3, -4), f3(-18, 12);
122     Fraction f4(f3);
123     cout << "f1 = "; output(f1); cout << endl;
124     cout << "f2 = "; output(f2); cout << endl;
125     cout << "f3 = "; output(f3); cout << endl;
126     cout << "f4 = "; output(f4); cout << endl;
127 
128     Fraction f5(f4.negative());
129     cout << "f5 = "; output(f5); cout << endl;
130     cout << "f5.get_up() = " << f5.get_up() << ", f5.get_down() = " << f5.get_down() << endl;
131 
132     cout << "f1 + f2 = "; output(add(f1, f2)); cout << endl;
133     cout << "f1 - f2 = "; output(sub(f1, f2)); cout << endl;
134     cout << "f1 * f2 = "; output(mul(f1, f2)); cout << endl;
135     cout << "f1 / f2 = "; output(div(f1, f2)); cout << endl;
136     cout << "f4 + f5 = "; output(add(f4, f5)); cout << endl;
137 }
138 
139 void test2() {
140     Fraction f6(42, 55), f7(0, 3);
141     cout << "f6 = "; output(f6); cout << endl;
142     cout << "f7 = "; output(f7); cout << endl;
143     cout << "f6 / f7 = "; output(div(f6, f7)); cout << endl;
144 }
145 
146 int main() {
147     cout << "测试1: Fraction类基础功能测试\n";
148     test1();
149 
150     cout << "\n测试2: 分母为0测试: \n";
151     test2();
152 }
View Code

 

（2）运行结果：

 

5、实验任务5

（1）代码部分：

 1 #pragma once
 2 
 3 class SavingAccount {
 4 private:
 5     int id;
 6     double balance;
 7     double rate;
 8     int lastDate;
 9     double accumulation;
10 
11     static double total;
12 
13     void record(int date, double amount);
14 
15     double accumulate(int date) const {
16         return accumulation + balance * (date - lastDate);
17     }
18 
19 public:
20     SavingAccount(int date, int id, double rate);
21 
22     int getId() const { return id; }
23     double getBalance() const { return balance; }
24     double getRate() const { return rate; }
25 
26     static double getTotal() { return total; }
27 
28     void deposit(int date, double amount);
29     void withdraw(int date, double amount);
30     void settle(int date);
31     void show() const;
32 
33 };
34 #include"account.h"
35 #include<iostream>
36 #include<cmath>
37 
38 using namespace std;
39 
40 double SavingAccount::total = 0;
41 
42 SavingAccount::SavingAccount(int date, int id, double rate)
43     : id(id), balance(0), rate(rate), lastDate(date), accumulation(0) {
44     cout << date << "\t#" << id << "is created" << endl;
45 }
46 
47 void SavingAccount::record(int date, double amount) {
48     accumulation = accumulate(date);
49     lastDate = date;
50     amount = floor(amount * 100 + 0.5) / 100;
51     balance += amount;
52     total += amount;
53     cout << date << "\t#" << id << "\t" << amount << "\t" << balance << endl;
54 }
55 
56 void SavingAccount::deposit(int date, double amount) {
57     record(date, amount);
58 }
59 
60 void SavingAccount::withdraw(int date, double amount) {
61     if (amount > getBalance())
62         cout << "Error: not enough money" << endl;
63     else
64         record(date, -amount);
65 }
66 
67 void SavingAccount::settle(int date) {
68     double interest = accumulate(date) * rate / 365;
69     if (interest != 0)
70         record(date, interest);
71     accumulation = 0;
72 }
73 
74 void SavingAccount::show() const {
75     cout << "#" << id << "\tBalance: " << balance;
76 }
77 #include "account.h"
78 #include <iostream>
79 
80 using namespace std;
81 
82 int main() {
83     SavingAccount sa0(1, 21325302, 0.015);
84     SavingAccount sa1(1, 58320212, 0.015);
85 
86     sa0.deposit(5, 5000);
87     sa1.deposit(25, 10000);
88     sa0.deposit(45, 5500);
89     sa1.withdraw(60, 4000);
90 
91     sa0.settle(90);
92     sa1.settle(90);
93 
94     sa0.show(); cout << endl;
95     sa1.show(); cout << endl;
96     cout << "Total: " << SavingAccount::getTotal() << endl;
97 
98 }
View Code

 

（2）运行结果：

 

posted @ 2024-10-27 20:38  刘晔yyy  阅读(7)  评论(0)  编辑  收藏  举报