python 包之 requests 请求操作教程

一、安装

pip install requests

 

二、请求类型

import requests

requests.get('https://www.baidu.com')
requests.post('https://www.baidu.com')
requests.put('https://www.baidu.com')
requests.delete('https://www.baidu.com')
requests.head('https://www.baidu.com')
requests.options('https://www.baidu.com')

 

三、带参数请求

import requests

data = {
    'name': 'autofelix',
    'age': 25
}

response = requests.get('https://www.baidu.com', params=data)
print(response.url)
print(response.text)

 

四、自定义headers

import requests

headers = {
    'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'
}
response =requests.get('https://www.baidu.com', headers=headers)
print(response.text)

 

五、请求属性

import requests

response = requests.get('https://www.baidu.com')

# 响应状态码
response.status_code
# 响应头
response.headers
# 响应cookie
response.cookies
# 请求url
response.url
# 历史记录
response.history

 

六、文件上传

import requests

files= {"files":open("git.jpeg","rb")}
response = requests.post('https://www.baidu.com/upload', files=files)

 

七、会话维持

import requests

s = requests.Session()
s.get('https://www.baidu.com/login')
response = s.get('https://www.baidu.com')

 

八、证书验证

• verify设置False关闭证书验证

• urllib3可以解决InsecureRequestWarning提示

import requests
from requests.packages import urllib3

urllib3.disable_warnings()
response = requests.get('https://www.12306.cn', verify=False)

 

九、代理设置

import requests

proxies= {
    'http': 'http://127.0.0.1:9999',
    'https': 'http://127.0.0.1:8888'
}
response  = requests.get('https://www.baidu.com', proxies=proxies)

 

十、超时设置

import requests

requests.get('https://www.baidu.com', timeout=3)

 

十一、认证设置

import requests

response = requests.get('https://www.baidu.com', auth=('user', '123'))

 

十二、异常处理

• ReadTimeout是超时错误

• ConnectionError是网络错误

import requests
from requests.exceptions import ReadTimeout,ConnectionError,RequestException

try:
    response = requests.get('https://www.baidu.com', timout=0.1)
    print(response.status_code)
except ReadTimeout:
    print('timeout')
except ConnectionError:
    print('connection Error')
except RequestException:
    print('error')