第五节:EF Core中的三类事务(SaveChanges、DbContextTransaction、TransactionScope)
原文链接:https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_30954265/article/details/101542615?spm=1001.2101.3001.6661.1&utm_medium=distribute.pc_relevant_t0.none-task-blog-2~default~CTRLIST~Rate-1-101542615-blog-119929767.235^v38^pc_relevant_sort_base1&depth_1-utm_source=distribute.pc_relevant_t0.none-task-blog-2~default~CTRLIST~Rate-1-101542615-blog-119929767.235^v38^pc_relevant_sort_base1&utm_relevant_index=1
一. 说明
EF版本的事务介绍详见:
第七节: EF的三种事务的应用场景和各自注意的问题(SaveChanges、DBContextTransaction、TransactionScope)。
本节主要介绍EF Core下的三种事务的用法和各自的使用场景,其中SaveChanges和DBContextTransaction事务与EF版本的基本一致,在该章节中补充一些新的使用场景和配置方式,TransactionScope环境事务与EF 版本的有着本质的区别,它目前不支持分布式数据库事务。
后面章节将继续介绍事务的基础概念、事务的隔离级别和带来的各种问题。
二. 默认事务(SaveChanges)
(1).默认情况下,如果数据库提供程序支持事务,单个 SaveChanges() 调用中的所有变更都会在一个事务中被提交。如果其中任何一个变更失败了, 那么事务就会回滚,没有任何变更会被应用到数据库。这意味着 SaveChanges() 能够确保要么成功保存,要么在发生错误时不对数据库做任何修改。
(2).关闭默认事务:context.Database.AutoTransactionsEnabled = false; 如:Test3()方法,第一条数据保存成功,第二条失败。
代码分享:
1 /// <summary> 2 /// 全部成功 3 /// </summary> 4 public static void Test1() 5 { 6 using (EFDB01Context db = new EFDB01Context()) 7 { 8 db.T_RoleInfor.Add(new T_RoleInfor() { roleName = "管理员1", addTime = DateTime.Now }); 9 db.T_RoleInfor.Add(new T_RoleInfor() { roleName = "管理员2", addTime = DateTime.Now }); 10 db.SaveChanges(); 11 } 12 } 13 14 /// <summary> 15 /// 全部失败 16 /// </summary> 17 public static void Test2() 18 { 19 using (EFDB01Context db = new EFDB01Context()) 20 { 21 try 22 { 23 db.T_RoleInfor.Add(new T_RoleInfor() { roleName = "管理员1", addTime = DateTime.Now }); 24 db.T_RoleInfor.Add(new T_RoleInfor() { id = 123, roleName = "管理员2", addTime = DateTime.Now }); 25 db.SaveChanges(); 26 } 27 catch (Exception) 28 { 29 Console.WriteLine("出错了,两条数据都没有执行成功"); 30 } 31 } 32 } 33 34 /// <summary> 35 /// 第一条成功,第二条失败 36 /// </summary> 37 public static void Test3() 38 { 39 using (EFDB01Context db = new EFDB01Context()) 40 { 41 try 42 { 43 //关闭SaveChanges的默认事务 44 db.Database.AutoTransactionsEnabled = false; 45 46 db.T_RoleInfor.Add(new T_RoleInfor() { roleName = "管理员1", addTime = DateTime.Now }); 47 db.T_RoleInfor.Add(new T_RoleInfor() { id = 123, roleName = "管理员2", addTime = DateTime.Now }); 48 49 //db.T_UserInfor.Add(new T_UserInfor() { id = Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"), userName = "管理员1", addTime = DateTime.Now }); 50 //db.T_UserInfor.Add(new T_UserInfor() { id = Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N")+"123", userName = "管理员2", addTime = DateTime.Now }); 51 52 db.SaveChanges(); 53 } 54 catch (Exception) 55 { 56 Console.WriteLine("出错了,第一条数据插入成功了"); 57 } 58 } 59 }
三. DbContextTransaction
1. 使用方式
BeginTransaction开启事务、Commit提交事务、Rollback回滚事务、Dispose销毁,如果用Using包裹的话,不再需要手动Rollback,走完Using会自动回滚。如果不用Using包裹事务,就需要在Catch中手动RollBack回滚,并且最好最后手动的Dispose一下。(如SameDbContext文件夹中的Test1和Test2方法)
2. 使用场景
A. 同一个上下文多个SaveChanges的方法(如:自增主键后续要用到,如Test2方法)、SaveChanges和EF调用SQL语句混用(如Test2方法)
1 /// <summary> 2 /// 三条添加语句共享同一个事务,最后使用 transaction.Commit() 统一提交,三条全部执行成功,则影响到数据库, 3 /// 如果任何一个命令失败,则在事务被回收(Dispose)时会自动回滚,对数据库无影响。 4 /// </summary> 5 public static void Test1() 6 { 7 using (EFDB01Context db = new EFDB01Context()) 8 { 9 using (var transaction = db.Database.BeginTransaction()) 10 { 11 try 12 { 13 db.T_RoleInfor.Add(new T_RoleInfor() { roleName = "管理员1", addTime = DateTime.Now }); 14 db.SaveChanges(); 15 16 db.T_RoleInfor.Add(new T_RoleInfor() { id = 111, roleName = "管理员2", addTime = DateTime.Now }); //报错 17 db.SaveChanges(); 18 19 string sql1 = @"insert into T_RoleInfor (roleName,roleDescription,addTime) values (@roleName,@roleDescription,@addTime)"; 20 SqlParameter[] pars1 ={ 21 new SqlParameter("@roleName","管理员3"), 22 new SqlParameter("@roleDescription","txt11"), 23 new SqlParameter("@addTime",DateTime.Now) 24 }; 25 db.Database.ExecuteSqlCommand(sql1, pars1); 26 transaction.Commit(); 27 28 Console.WriteLine("成功了"); 29 } 30 catch (Exception) 31 { 32 Console.WriteLine("失败了"); 33 } 34 } 35 } 36 } 37 38 /// <summary> 39 /// 如果不用Using包裹事务,就需要在Catch中手动RollBack回滚 40 /// </summary> 41 public static void Test2() 42 { 43 using (EFDB01Context db = new EFDB01Context()) 44 { 45 var transaction = db.Database.BeginTransaction(); 46 try 47 { 48 var d1 = new T_RoleInfor() { roleName = "管理员1", addTime = DateTime.Now }; 49 db.T_RoleInfor.Add(d1); 50 db.SaveChanges(); 51 52 db.T_RoleInfor.Add(new T_RoleInfor() { roleName = "管理员2"+d1.id, addTime = DateTime.Now }); 53 db.SaveChanges(); 54 55 string sql1 = @"insert into T_RoleInfor (roleName,roleDescription,addTime) values (@roleName,@roleDescription,@addTime)"; 56 SqlParameter[] pars1 ={ 57 new SqlParameter("@roleName","管理员3"), 58 new SqlParameter("@roleDescription","txt11"), 59 new SqlParameter("@addTime",DateTime.Now) 60 }; 61 db.Database.ExecuteSqlCommand(sql1, pars1); 62 transaction.Commit(); 63 64 Console.WriteLine("成功了"); 65 66 } 67 catch (Exception) 68 { 69 transaction.Rollback(); 70 Console.WriteLine("失败了"); 71 } 72 finally 73 { 74 transaction.Dispose(); 75 } 76 77 } 78 }
B. 同一个数据库多个上下文但“同一个连接”的事务。其中一个上下文开启事务,另外上下文通过UseTransaction方法来实现共享事务。
情况①:
EFDB01Context直接在OnConfiguring中写死连接字符串,多次new上下文,如Test1方法,则是多个连接,不能共享事务。
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1 /// <summary> 2 /// 情况一:在OnConfiguring中书写连接字符串,创建两个上下文,相当于两个连接,两个连接之间不能通过使用UseTransaction,建立事务连接。 3 /// 会报下面的错。 4 /// The specified transaction is not associated with the current connection. Only transactions associated with the current connection may be used. 5 /// </summary> 6 public static void Test1() 7 { 8 using (EFDB01Context context1 = new EFDB01Context()) 9 { 10 using (var transaction = context1.Database.BeginTransaction()) 11 { 12 try 13 { 14 context1.T_RoleInfor.Add(new T_RoleInfor() { roleName = "管理员1", addTime = DateTime.Now }); 15 context1.SaveChanges(); 16 17 using (EFDB01Context context2 = new EFDB01Context()) 18 { 19 context2.Database.UseTransaction(transaction.GetDbTransaction()); 20 21 context1.T_RoleInfor.Add(new T_RoleInfor() { roleName = "管理员1", addTime = DateTime.Now }); 22 context1.SaveChanges(); 23 } 24 25 //统一提交 26 transaction.Commit(); 27 Console.WriteLine("成功了"); 28 } 29 catch (Exception ex) 30 { 31 Console.WriteLine(ex.Message); 32 } 33 } 34 } 35 36 37 }
情况②:
EFDB01Context2通过 public EFDB01Context2(DbContextOptions<EFDB01Context2> options) : base(options)这种形式的构造函数,然后new的时候 统一传入: new DbContextOptionsBuilder<EFDB01Context2>().UseSqlServer(new SqlConnection(connectionString)).Options;,从而共享连接,如Test2方法。
1 /// <summary> 2 /// 情况二:通过父类构造函数 3 /// </summary> 4 public static void Test2() 5 { 6 var connectionString = "Server=localhost;Database=EFDB01;User ID=sa;Password=123456;"; 7 //将连接拿出来,传到多个上下文中,这样是共享同一个连接 8 var option = new DbContextOptionsBuilder<EFDB01Context2>().UseSqlServer(new SqlConnection(connectionString)).Options; 9 10 using (var context1 = new EFDB01Context2(option)) 11 { 12 using (var transaction = context1.Database.BeginTransaction()) 13 { 14 try 15 { 16 context1.T_RoleInfor.Add(new T_RoleInfor() { roleName = "管理员1", addTime = DateTime.Now }); 17 context1.SaveChanges(); 18 19 using (var context2 = new EFDB01Context2(option)) 20 { 21 context2.Database.UseTransaction(transaction.GetDbTransaction()); 22 23 context1.T_RoleInfor.Add(new T_RoleInfor() { roleName = "管理员1", addTime = DateTime.Now }); 24 context1.SaveChanges(); 25 } 26 27 //统一提交 28 transaction.Commit(); 29 Console.WriteLine("成功了"); 30 } 31 catch (Exception ex) 32 { 33 Console.WriteLine(ex.Message); 34 } 35 } 36 } 37 }
情况③:
EFDB01Context3通过 传入SqlConnection来实现共享连接,如Test3方法。
1 public static void Test3() 2 { 3 var connectionString = "Server=localhost;Database=EFDB01;User ID=sa;Password=123456;"; 4 //将连接拿出来,传到多个上下文中,这样是共享同一个连接 5 var connection = new SqlConnection(connectionString); 6 7 using (var context1 = new EFDB01Context3(connection)) 8 { 9 using (var transaction = context1.Database.BeginTransaction()) 10 { 11 try 12 { 13 context1.T_RoleInfor.Add(new T_RoleInfor() { roleName = "管理员1", addTime = DateTime.Now }); 14 context1.SaveChanges(); 15 16 using (var context2 = new EFDB01Context3(connection)) 17 { 18 context2.Database.UseTransaction(transaction.GetDbTransaction()); 19 20 context1.T_RoleInfor.Add(new T_RoleInfor() { roleName = "管理员1", addTime = DateTime.Now }); 21 context1.SaveChanges(); 22 } 23 24 //统一提交 25 transaction.Commit(); 26 Console.WriteLine("成功了"); 27 } 28 catch (Exception ex) 29 { 30 Console.WriteLine(ex.Message); 31 } 32 } 33 } 34 }
C. 多种数据库技术同一个数据库的事务
如ADO.Net和EF共同使用,利用方法 “UseTransaction”共享同一个事务,共同提交。 如:Test1方法
1 /// <summary> 2 /// ADO.Net 和 EF混用,多种数据库技术访问同一个数据库 3 /// </summary> 4 public static void Test1() 5 { 6 var conStr = @"Server=localhost;Database=EFDB01;User ID=sa;Password=123456;"; 7 using (var connection=new SqlConnection(conStr)) 8 { 9 connection.Open(); 10 using (var transaction=connection.BeginTransaction()) 11 { 12 try 13 { 14 //ADO.Net 15 var command = connection.CreateCommand(); 16 command.Transaction = transaction; 17 command.CommandText = "DELETE FROM T_RoleInfor"; 18 command.ExecuteNonQuery(); 19 20 //EF 21 var options = new DbContextOptionsBuilder<EFDB01Context>().UseSqlServer(connection).Options; 22 using (var context = new EFDB01Context(options)) 23 { 24 context.Database.UseTransaction(transaction); 25 context.T_RoleInfor.Add(new T_RoleInfor() { roleName = "管理员1", addTime = DateTime.Now }); 26 context.SaveChanges(); 27 } 28 //综合提交 29 transaction.Commit(); 30 31 Console.WriteLine("成功了"); 32 33 } 34 catch (Exception ex) 35 { 36 Console.WriteLine(ex.Message); 37 } 38 } 39 40 } 41 }
四. 环境事务
1.使用方式
new TransactionScope创建事务、Complete提交事务、 Transaction.Current.Rollback();回滚事务、Dispose销毁对象。如果用Using包裹的话,不再需要手动Rollback,走完Using会自动回滚。如果不用Using包裹事务,就需要在Catch中手动RollBack回滚,并且最好最后手动的Dispose一下。
2.用途
A. 同一个上下文的事务。(多个SaveChanges(自增主键后续用到的情况)、SaveChanges和EF调用SQL语句混用)(如Test1方法)
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1 /// <summary> 2 /// A. 同一个上下文的事务。(多个SaveChanges(自增主键后续用到的情况)、SaveChanges和EF调用SQL语句混用) 3 /// </summary> 4 public static void Test1() 5 { 6 using (EFDB01Context1 db = new EFDB01Context1()) 7 { 8 using (var scope = new TransactionScope(/*TransactionScopeOption.Required, new TransactionOptions { IsolationLevel = IsolationLevel.ReadCommitted }*/)) 9 { 10 try 11 { 12 var data1 = new T_RoleInfor() { roleName = "管理员1", addTime = DateTime.Now }; 13 db.T_RoleInfor.Add(data1); 14 db.SaveChanges(); 15 16 db.T_RoleInfor.Add(new T_RoleInfor() { roleName = "管理员2" + data1.id, addTime = DateTime.Now }); //报错 17 db.SaveChanges(); 18 19 string sql1 = @"insert into T_RoleInfor (roleName,roleDescription,addTime) values (@roleName,@roleDescription,@addTime)"; 20 SqlParameter[] pars1 ={ 21 new SqlParameter("@roleName","管理员3"), 22 new SqlParameter("@roleDescription","txt11"), 23 new SqlParameter("@addTime",DateTime.Now) 24 }; 25 db.Database.ExecuteSqlCommand(sql1, pars1); 26 scope.Complete(); 27 28 29 Console.WriteLine("成功了"); 30 } 31 catch (Exception) 32 { 33 Console.WriteLine("失败了"); 34 } 35 } 36 } 37 }
B. 多种数据库技术访问同一个数据库的事务 (如Test2方法)
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1 /// <summary> 2 /// B. 多种数据库技术访问同一个数据库的事务 3 /// </summary> 4 public static void Test2() 5 { 6 var conStr = @"Server=localhost;Database=EFDB01;User ID=sa;Password=123456;"; 7 using (var connection = new SqlConnection(conStr)) 8 { 9 connection.Open(); 10 using (var scope = new TransactionScope()) 11 { 12 try 13 { 14 //ADO.Net 15 var command = connection.CreateCommand(); 16 command.CommandText = "DELETE FROM T_RoleInfor"; 17 command.ExecuteNonQuery(); 18 19 //EF 20 using (var context = new EFDB01Context1()) 21 { 22 context.T_RoleInfor.Add(new T_RoleInfor() { roleName = "管理员1", addTime = DateTime.Now }); 23 context.SaveChanges(); 24 } 25 //综合提交 26 scope.Complete(); 27 28 Console.WriteLine("成功了"); 29 30 } 31 catch (Exception ex) 32 { 33 Console.WriteLine(ex.Message); 34 } 35 } 36 } 37 }
C. 同一个数据库多个不同的上下文是支持的(如Test3方法)
上下文代码:
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1 public partial class EFDB01Context1 : DbContext 2 { 3 public virtual DbSet<T_RoleInfor> T_RoleInfor { get; set; } 4 public virtual DbSet<T_UserInfor> T_UserInfor { get; set; } 5 6 protected override void OnConfiguring(DbContextOptionsBuilder optionsBuilder) 7 { 8 optionsBuilder.UseSqlServer("Server=localhost;Database=EFDB01;User ID=sa;Password=123456;"); 9 } 10 11 protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder modelBuilder) 12 { 13 modelBuilder.HasAnnotation("ProductVersion", "2.2.0-rtm-35687"); 14 15 modelBuilder.Entity<T_RoleInfor>(entity => 16 { 17 entity.Property(e => e.roleDescription).IsUnicode(false); 18 19 entity.Property(e => e.roleName).IsUnicode(false); 20 }); 21 22 modelBuilder.Entity<T_UserInfor>(entity => 23 { 24 entity.Property(e => e.id) 25 .IsUnicode(false) 26 .ValueGeneratedNever(); 27 28 entity.Property(e => e.userName).IsUnicode(false); 29 30 entity.Property(e => e.userSex).IsUnicode(false); 31 }); 32 } 33 }
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1 public partial class EFDB01Context2 : DbContext 2 { 3 public virtual DbSet<T_RoleInfor> T_RoleInfor { get; set; } 4 public virtual DbSet<T_UserInfor> T_UserInfor { get; set; } 5 6 protected override void OnConfiguring(DbContextOptionsBuilder optionsBuilder) 7 { 8 optionsBuilder.UseSqlServer("Server=localhost;Database=EFDB01;User ID=sa;Password=123456;"); 9 } 10 11 protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder modelBuilder) 12 { 13 modelBuilder.HasAnnotation("ProductVersion", "2.2.0-rtm-35687"); 14 15 modelBuilder.Entity<T_RoleInfor>(entity => 16 { 17 entity.Property(e => e.roleDescription).IsUnicode(false); 18 19 entity.Property(e => e.roleName).IsUnicode(false); 20 }); 21 22 modelBuilder.Entity<T_UserInfor>(entity => 23 { 24 entity.Property(e => e.id) 25 .IsUnicode(false) 26 .ValueGeneratedNever(); 27 28 entity.Property(e => e.userName).IsUnicode(false); 29 30 entity.Property(e => e.userSex).IsUnicode(false); 31 }); 32 } 33 }
运行代码:
1 /// <summary> 2 ///C. 同一个数据库两个不同上下文是支持的 3 /// </summary> 4 public static void Test3() 5 { 6 using (var scope = new TransactionScope()) 7 { 8 try 9 { 10 using (var context = new EFDB01Context1()) 11 { 12 context.T_RoleInfor.Add(new T_RoleInfor() { roleName = "管理员1", addTime = DateTime.Now }); 13 context.SaveChanges(); 14 } 15 using (var context = new EFDB01Context2()) 16 { 17 context.T_RoleInfor.Add(new T_RoleInfor() { roleName = "管理员1", addTime = DateTime.Now }); 18 context.SaveChanges(); 19 } 20 21 //综合提交 22 scope.Complete(); 23 24 Console.WriteLine("成功了"); 25 } 26 catch (Exception ex) 27 { 28 Console.WriteLine(ex.Message); 29 } 30 } 31 }
D. 不同数据库的上下文是不支持的,(如Test4方法,开启msdtc服务的步骤: cmd命令→ net start msdtc ,然后发现报错:This platform does not support distributed transactions.说明目前Core平台下不支持分布式事务)
上下文代码:
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1 public partial class dbCore1Context : DbContext 2 { 3 public dbCore1Context() 4 { 5 } 6 7 public dbCore1Context(DbContextOptions<dbCore1Context> options) 8 : base(options) 9 { 10 } 11 12 public virtual DbSet<UserInfors> UserInfors { get; set; } 13 14 protected override void OnConfiguring(DbContextOptionsBuilder optionsBuilder) 15 { 16 optionsBuilder.UseSqlServer("Server=localhost;Database=dbCore1;User ID=sa;Password=123456;"); 17 18 } 19 20 protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder modelBuilder) 21 { 22 modelBuilder.HasAnnotation("ProductVersion", "2.2.0-rtm-35687"); 23 24 modelBuilder.Entity<UserInfors>(entity => 25 { 26 entity.Property(e => e.id).ValueGeneratedNever(); 27 }); 28 } 29 }
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1 public partial class EFDB01Context1 : DbContext 2 { 3 public virtual DbSet<T_RoleInfor> T_RoleInfor { get; set; } 4 public virtual DbSet<T_UserInfor> T_UserInfor { get; set; } 5 6 protected override void OnConfiguring(DbContextOptionsBuilder optionsBuilder) 7 { 8 optionsBuilder.UseSqlServer("Server=localhost;Database=EFDB01;User ID=sa;Password=123456;"); 9 } 10 11 protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder modelBuilder) 12 { 13 modelBuilder.HasAnnotation("ProductVersion", "2.2.0-rtm-35687"); 14 15 modelBuilder.Entity<T_RoleInfor>(entity => 16 { 17 entity.Property(e => e.roleDescription).IsUnicode(false); 18 19 entity.Property(e => e.roleName).IsUnicode(false); 20 }); 21 22 modelBuilder.Entity<T_UserInfor>(entity => 23 { 24 entity.Property(e => e.id) 25 .IsUnicode(false) 26 .ValueGeneratedNever(); 27 28 entity.Property(e => e.userName).IsUnicode(false); 29 30 entity.Property(e => e.userSex).IsUnicode(false); 31 }); 32 } 33 }
运行代码:
1 /// <summary> 2 ///D. 不同数据库之间的事务 3 /// </summary> 4 public static void Test4() 5 { 6 using (var scope = new TransactionScope()) 7 { 8 try 9 { 10 using (var context = new EFDB01Context1()) 11 { 12 context.T_RoleInfor.Add(new T_RoleInfor() { roleName = "管理员1", addTime = DateTime.Now }); 13 context.SaveChanges(); 14 } 15 using (var context = new dbCore1Context()) 16 { 17 context.UserInfors.Add(new UserInfors() { id = Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"), userName = "管理员1", userSex = "男" }); 18 context.SaveChanges(); 19 } 20 21 //综合提交 22 scope.Complete(); 23 24 Console.WriteLine("成功了"); 25 } 26 catch (Exception ex) 27 { 28 Console.WriteLine(ex.Message); 29 } 30 } 31 }
注:EF Core中的 System.Transactions 实现将不包括对分布式事务的支持,因此不能使用 TransactionScope 或 CommittableTransaction 来跨多个资源管理器协调事务。主要分布式事务需要依赖于 Windows 系统的 MSDTC 服务,但.NET Core要实现跨平台,基于跨平台的分布式事务没有统一的标准,后续版希望改进。
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- 作 者 : Yaopengfei(姚鹏飞)
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