React之路由

安装命令

  npm install -S react-router-dom

引入

     import {Link,Route} from 'react-router-dom'
 
路由的基本使用
            1.明确好界面中的导航区、展示区
            2.导航区的a标签改为Link标签
                        <Link to="/xxxxx">Demo</Link>
            3.展示区写Route标签进行路径的匹配
                        <Route path='/xxxx' component={Demo}/>
            4.<App>的最外侧包裹了一个<BrowserRouter>或<HashRouter>
四、路由组件与一般组件
            1.写法不同:
                        一般组件:<Demo/>
                        路由组件:<Route path="/demo" component={Demo}/>
            2.存放位置不同:
                        一般组件:components
                        路由组件:pages
            3.接收到的props不同:
                        一般组件:写组件标签时传递了什么,就能收到什么
                        路由组件:接收到三个固定的属性
                                            history:
                                                        go: ƒ go(n)
                                                        goBack: ƒ goBack()
                                                        goForward: ƒ goForward()
                                                        push: ƒ push(path, state)
                                                        replace: ƒ replace(path, state)
                                            location:
                                                        pathname: "/about"
                                                        search: ""
                                                        state: undefined
                                            match:
                                                        params: {}
                                                        path: "/about"
                                                        url: "/about"

## 五、NavLink与封装NavLink
                1.NavLink可以实现路由链接的高亮,通过activeClassName指定样式名

## 六、Switch的使用
                1.通常情况下,path和component是一一对应的关系。
                2.Switch可以提高路由匹配效率(单一匹配)。

## 七、解决多级路径刷新页面样式丢失的问题
                1.public/index.html 中 引入样式时不写 ./ 写 / (常用)
                2.public/index.html 中 引入样式时不写 ./ 写 %PUBLIC_URL% (常用)
                3.使用HashRouter

## 八、路由的严格匹配与模糊匹配
                1.默认使用的是模糊匹配(简单记:【输入的路径】必须包含要【匹配的路径】,且顺序要一致)
                2.开启严格匹配:<Route exact={true} path="/about" component={About}/>
                3.严格匹配不要随便开启,需要再开,有些时候开启会导致无法继续匹配二级路由

## 九、Redirect的使用    
                1.一般写在所有路由注册的最下方,当所有路由都无法匹配时,跳转到Redirect指定的路由
                2.具体编码:
                        <Switch>
                            <Route path="/about" component={About}/>
                            <Route path="/home" component={Home}/>
                            <Redirect to="/about"/>
                        </Switch>

## 十、嵌套路由
                1.注册子路由时要写上父路由的path值
                2.路由的匹配是按照注册路由的顺序进行的

## 十一、向路由组件传递参数
                1.params参数
                            路由链接(携带参数):<Link to='/demo/test/tom/18'}>详情</Link>
                            注册路由(声明接收):<Route path="/demo/test/:name/:age" component={Test}/>
                            接收参数:this.props.match.params
                2.search参数
                            路由链接(携带参数):<Link to='/demo/test?name=tom&age=18'}>详情</Link>
                            注册路由(无需声明,正常注册即可):<Route path="/demo/test" component={Test}/>
                            接收参数:this.props.location.search
                            备注:获取到的search是urlencoded编码字符串,需要借助querystring解析
                3.state参数
                            路由链接(携带参数):<Link to={{pathname:'/demo/test',state:{name:'tom',age:18}}}>详情</Link>
                            注册路由(无需声明,正常注册即可):<Route path="/demo/test" component={Test}/>
                            接收参数:this.props.location.state
                            备注:刷新也可以保留住参数
                


## 十二、编程式路由导航
                    借助this.prosp.history对象上的API对操作路由跳转、前进、后退
                            -this.prosp.history.push()
                            -this.prosp.history.replace()
                            -this.prosp.history.goBack()
                            -this.prosp.history.goForward()
                            -this.prosp.history.go()

## 十三、BrowserRouter与HashRouter的区别
            1.底层原理不一样:
                        BrowserRouter使用的是H5的history API,不兼容IE9及以下版本。
                        HashRouter使用的是URL的哈希值。
            2.path表现形式不一样
                        BrowserRouter的路径中没有#,例如:localhost:3000/demo/test
                        HashRouter的路径包含#,例如:localhost:3000/#/demo/test
            3.刷新后对路由state参数的影响
                        (1).BrowserRouter没有任何影响,因为state保存在history对象中。
                        (2).HashRouter刷新后会导致路由state参数的丢失!!!
            4.备注:HashRouter可以用于解决一些路径错误相关的问题。
 
querystring库react脚手架已下载,直接引用
      import qs from 'querystring'
使用:
     const {id,title} = qs.parse(search.slice(1))
     qs.stringfy({id:'01',content:'你好,中国'})   //id='01'&content='你好,中国'
 
19  push与replace模式
<Link replace to={{pathname:'/home/message/detail',state:{id:msgObj.id,title:msgObj.title}}}>{msgObj.title}</Link>
路由标签中加上repalce,如上所示,则栈中上一个路径被替换,点击浏览器返回,无法返回上一步,直接返回到浏览器上上个地址
posted @ 2021-02-25 10:49  sunmarvell  阅读(104)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报