iOS富文本字符串AttributedString具体用法
首先要创建一个带有属性的字符串NSMutableAttributedString
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NSMutableAttributedString *attrString = [[NSMutableAttributedString alloc] initWithString:@"这是一个富文本字符串"];
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/* 其他几种创建方法
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- (instancetype)initWithString:(NSString *)str;
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- (instancetype)initWithString:(NSString *)str attributes:(nullable NSDictionary<NSString *, id> *)attrs;
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- (instancetype)initWithAttributedString:(NSAttributedString *)attrStr;
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*/
如何设置这个字符串的属性
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- (void)addAttribute:(NSString *)name value:(id)value range:(NSRange)range; // 每次设置一个属性和它对应的值
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- (void)addAttributes:(NSDictionary<NSString *, id> *)attrs range:(NSRange)range; // 一次可以设置多个属性 属性和属性值以字典键值对形式进行设置
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// range参数是设置要设置属性的字符串范围
常用的属性都有哪些
- 字体
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[attrStr addAttribute:NSFontAttributeName
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value:[UIFont systemFontOfSize:30.0f]
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range:NSMakeRange(4, 3)];
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- 颜色
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[attrStr addAttribute:NSForegroundColorAttributeName
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value:[UIColor redColor]
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range:NSMakeRange(4, 3)];
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[attrStr addAttribute:NSBackgroundColorAttributeName
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value:[UIColor redColor]
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range:NSMakeRange(4, 3)];
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- 空心字
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[attrStr addAttribute:NSStrokeColorAttributeName
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value:[UIColor redColor]
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range:NSMakeRange(4, 3)]; // 设置描边颜色 要和NSStrokeWidthAttributeName设置描边宽度一起使用
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[attrStr addAttribute:NSStrokeWidthAttributeName
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value:@1.5
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range:NSMakeRange(4, 3)];
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- 间距
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[attrStr addAttribute:NSKernAttributeName
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value:@10 // NSNumber
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range:NSMakeRange(4, 3)];
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- 倾斜
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[attrStr addAttribute:NSObliquenessAttributeName
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value:@(0.5f) // 正值向右倾斜 负值向左倾斜
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range:NSMakeRange(4, 3)];
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- 拉伸、压缩
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[attrStr addAttribute:NSExpansionAttributeName
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value:@(0.5f) // 正值横向拉伸 负值横向压缩
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range:NSMakeRange(4, 3)];
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- 连体
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NSMutableAttributedString * attrStr = [[NSMutableAttributedString alloc] initWithString:@"'flush' is a string!"];
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[attrStr addAttribute:NSLigatureAttributeName
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value:@1
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range:NSMakeRange(1, 5)];
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[attrStr addAttribute:NSFontAttributeName
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value:[UIFont fontWithName:@"futura" size:30]
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range:NSMakeRange(1, 5)];
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基线偏移量
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[attrStr addAttribute:NSBaselineOffsetAttributeName
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value:@(10) // 正值上偏 负值下偏
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range:NSMakeRange(4, 3)];
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阴影
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NSShadow *shadow = [[NSShadow alloc] init]; // NSShadow只有3个属性:阴影颜色,模糊半径和偏移
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shadow.shadowOffset = CGSizeMake(3, 3); // 阴影偏移(X方向偏移和Y方向偏移)
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shadow.shadowBlurRadius = 1.5; // 模糊半径
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shadow.shadowColor = [UIColor redColor]; // 阴影颜色
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[attrStr addAttribute:NSShadowAttributeName
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value:shadow
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range:NSMakeRange(4, 3)];
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- 特殊效果
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[attrStr addAttribute:NSTextEffectAttributeName
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value:NSTextEffectLetterpressStyle // NSString类型 目前只有NSTextEffectLetterpressStyle(凸版印刷效果)可用
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range:NSMakeRange(4, 3)];
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- 书写方向
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[attrStr addAttribute:NSWritingDirectionAttributeName
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value:@[@(NSWritingDirectionRightToLeft | NSWritingDirectionOverride)]
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range:NSMakeRange(0, attrStr.length)];
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//NSWritingDirectionAttributeName 设置文字书写方向,取值为以下组合
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// iOS9.0以前
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//@[@(NSWritingDirectionLeftToRight | NSTextWritingDirectionEmbedding)]
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//@[@(NSWritingDirectionLeftToRight | NSTextWritingDirectionOverride)]
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//@[@(NSWritingDirectionRightToLeft | NSTextWritingDirectionEmbedding)]
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//@[@(NSWritingDirectionRightToLeft | NSTextWritingDirectionOverride)]
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// iOS9.0以后
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//@[@(NSWritingDirectionLeftToRight | NSWritingDirectionEmbedding)]
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//@[@(NSWritingDirectionLeftToRight | NSWritingDirectionOverride)]
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//@[@(NSWritingDirectionRightToLeft | NSWritingDirectionEmbedding)]
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//@[@(NSWritingDirectionRightToLeft | NSWritingDirectionOverride)]
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// NSWritingDirectionOverride 和 NSWritingDirectionEmbedding 是指定Unicode双向定义的格式控制算法(具体的没太搞清楚)
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- 横、竖排版
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[attrStr addAttribute:NSVerticalGlyphFormAttributeName
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value:@0 // 0横向排版 1竖向排版 iOS中除了0以外都未定义,所以都为横向排版
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range:NSMakeRange(0, attrStr.length)];
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下划线
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[attrStr addAttribute:NSUnderlineStyleAttributeName
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value:@(NSUnderlineStyleSingle)
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range:NSMakeRange(4, 3)];
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[attrStr addAttribute:NSUnderlineColorAttributeName
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value:[UIColor redColor]
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range:NSMakeRange(4, 3)];
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typedef NS_ENUM(NSInteger, NSUnderlineStyle) {
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NSUnderlineStyleNone = 0x00,
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NSUnderlineStyleSingle = 0x01,
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NSUnderlineStyleThick NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE(10_0, 7_0) = 0x02,
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NSUnderlineStyleDouble NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE(10_0, 7_0) = 0x09,
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NSUnderlinePatternSolid NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE(10_0, 7_0) = 0x0000,
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NSUnderlinePatternDot NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE(10_0, 7_0) = 0x0100,
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NSUnderlinePatternDash NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE(10_0, 7_0) = 0x0200,
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NSUnderlinePatternDashDot NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE(10_0, 7_0) = 0x0300,
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NSUnderlinePatternDashDotDot NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE(10_0, 7_0) = 0x0400,
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NSUnderlineByWord NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE(10_0, 7_0) = 0x8000
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} NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE(10_0, 6_0);
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删除线
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[attrStr addAttribute:NSStrikethroughStyleAttributeName
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value:@(NSUnderlinePatternSolid | NSUnderlineStyleSingle)
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range:NSMakeRange(4, 3)];
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[attrStr addAttribute:NSStrikethroughColorAttributeName
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value:[UIColor redColor]
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range:NSMakeRange(4, 3)];
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- 网址
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NSMutableAttributedString * attrStr = [[NSMutableAttributedString alloc] initWithString:@"这是一个网址http://www.jianshu.com/users/37f2920f6848字符串!"];
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[attrStr addAttribute:NSLinkAttributeName
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value:@"http://www.jianshu.com/users/37f2920f6848"
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range:NSMakeRange(6, attrStr.length -6 -4)];
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// label显示出来的连接是点击不了的 textView的是可以的 有响应的回调函数shouldInteractWithURL
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- 图文混排
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NSMutableAttributedString * attrStr = [[NSMutableAttributedString alloc] initWithString:@"这是一个富文本字符串!"];
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// 创建一个文字附件对象
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NSTextAttachment *textAttachment = [[NSTextAttachment alloc] init];
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textAttachment.image = [UIImage imageNamed:@"11.png"]; //设置图片源
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textAttachment.bounds = CGRectMake(0, -6, 30, 30); //设置图片位置和大小
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// 将文字附件转换成属性字符串
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NSAttributedString *attachmentAttrStr = [NSAttributedString attributedStringWithAttachment:textAttachment];
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// 将转换成属性字符串插入到目标字符串
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[attrStr insertAttributedString:attachmentAttrStr atIndex:8];
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- 段落
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NSMutableParagraphStyle *paragraphStyle = [[NSMutableParagraphStyle alloc] init];
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// 行间距
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paragraphStyle.lineSpacing = 15.f;
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// 段落间距
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paragraphStyle.paragraphSpacing = 30.f;
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// 段落缩进像素
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paragraphStyle.firstLineHeadIndent = 40.f;
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// 整体缩进像素
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paragraphStyle.headIndent = 15.f;
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// 对齐方式
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paragraphStyle.alignment = NSTextAlignmentLeft;
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// 其他属性请自行查阅NSMutableParagraphStyle头文件
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NSMutableAttributedString * attrStr = [[NSMutableAttributedString alloc] initWithString:@"这是一个富文本字符串。\n这是一个富文本字符串?\n这是一个富文本字符串!"];
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[attrStr addAttribute:NSParagraphStyleAttributeName
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value:paragraphStyle
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range:NSMakeRange(0, attrStr.length)];
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