【python】os.path模块

 

os.path模块

os.path 模块主要用于获取文件的属性。以下是 os.path 模块的几种常用方法:

方法 说明
os.path.abspath(path) 返回绝对路径
os.path.basename(path) 返回文件名
os.path.commonprefix(list) 返回list(多个路径)中,所有path共有的最长的路径
os.path.dirname(path) 返回文件路径
os.path.exists(path) 如果路径 path 存在,返回 True;如果路径 path 不存在或损坏,返回 False。
os.path.lexists(path) 路径存在则返回 True,路径损坏也返回 True
os.path.expanduser(path) 把 path 中包含的 ~ 和 ~user 转换成用户目录
os.path.expandvars(path) 根据环境变量的值替换 path 中包含的 $name 和 ${name}
os.path.getatime(path) 返回最近访问时间(浮点型秒数)
os.path.getmtime(path) 返回最近文件修改时间
os.path.getctime(path) 返回文件 path 创建时间
os.path.getsize(path) 返回文件大小,如果文件不存在就返回错误
os.path.isabs(path) 判断是否为绝对路径
os.path.isfile(path) 判断路径是否为文件
os.path.isdir(path) 判断路径是否为目录
os.path.islink(path) 判断路径是否为链接
os.path.ismount(path) 判断路径是否为挂载点
os.path.join(path1[, path2[, ...]]) 把目录和文件名合成一个路径
os.path.normcase(path) 转换path的大小写和斜杠
os.path.normpath(path) 规范path字符串形式
os.path.realpath(path) 返回path的真实路径
os.path.relpath(path[, start]) 从start开始计算相对路径
os.path.samefile(path1, path2) 判断目录或文件是否相同
os.path.sameopenfile(fp1, fp2) 判断fp1和fp2是否指向同一文件
os.path.samestat(stat1, stat2) 判断stat tuple stat1和stat2是否指向同一个文件
os.path.split(path) 把路径分割成 dirname 和 basename,返回一个元组
os.path.splitdrive(path) 一般用在 windows 下,返回驱动器名和路径组成的元组
os.path.splitext(path) 分割路径,返回路径名和文件扩展名的元组
os.path.splitunc(path) 把路径分割为加载点与文件
os.path.walk(path, visit, arg) 遍历path,进入每个目录都调用visit函数,visit函数必须有3个参数(arg, dirname, names),dirname表示当前目录的目录名,names代表当前目录下的所有文件名,args则为walk的第三个参数
os.path.supports_unicode_filenames 设置是否支持unicode路径名

 

实例1:

#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
 
import os
 
print( os.path.basename('/root/runoob.txt') )   # 返回文件名
print( os.path.dirname('/root/runoob.txt') )    # 返回目录路径
print( os.path.split('/root/runoob.txt') )      # 分割文件名与路径
print( os.path.join('root','test','runoob.txt') )  # 将目录和文件名合成一个路径

输出:

runoob.txt
/root
('/root', 'runoob.txt')
root/test/runoob.txt

 

实例2:

# Python program to explain os.path.join() method

# importing os module
import os

# Path
path = "/home"
# Python program to explain os.path.join() method

# importing os module
import os

# Path
path = "/home"

# Join various path components
print(os.path.join(path, "User/Desktop", "file.txt"))


# Path
path = "User/Documents"

# Join various path components
print(os.path.join(path, "/home", "file.txt"))

# In above example '/home'
# represents an absolute path
# so all previous components i.e User / Documents
# are thrown away and joining continues
# from the absolute path component i.e / home.


# Path
path = "/User"

# Join various path components
print(os.path.join(path, "Downloads", "file.txt", "/home"))

# In above example '/User' and '/home'
# both represents an absolute path
# but '/home' is the last value
# so all previous components before '/home'
# will be discarded and joining will
# continue from '/home'

# Path
path = "/home"

# Join various path components
print(os.path.join(path, "User/Public/", "Documents", ""))

# In above example the last
# path component is empty
# so a directory separator ('/')
# will be put at the end
# along with the concatenated value

输出:

/home/User/Desktop/file.txt
/home/file.txt
/home
/home/User/Public/Documents/

 

参考资料

1. Python | os.path.join() method

posted @ 2023-05-30 10:10  苏格拉底的落泪  阅读(44)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报