【shell编程】shell case esac 语句

shell case esac 语句

ase ... esac 与其他语言中的 switch ... case 语句类似,是一种多分枝选择结构。case 语句匹配一个值或一个模式,如果匹配成功,执行相匹配的命令。case 语句格式如下:\

case 值 in
模式1)
    command1
    command2
    command3
    ;;
模式2)
    command1
    command2
    command3
    ;;
*)
    command1
    command2
    command3
    ;;
esac

ase 工作方式如上所示。取值后面必须为关键字 in,每一模式必须以右括号结束。取值可以为变量或常数。匹配发现取值符合某一模式后,其间所有命令开始执行直至 ;;。;; 与其他语言中的 break 类似,意思是跳到整个 case 语句的最后。

取值将检测匹配的每一个模式。一旦模式匹配,则执行完匹配模式相应命令后不再继续其他模式。如果无一匹配模式,使用星号 * 捕获该值,再执行后面的命令。

下面的脚本提示输入1到4,与每一种模式进行匹配:

echo 'Input a number between 1 to 4'
echo 'Your number is:\c'
read aNum
case $aNum in
    1)  echo 'You select 1'
    ;;
    2)  echo 'You select 2'
    ;;
    3)  echo 'You select 3'
    ;;
    4)  echo 'You select 4'
    ;;
    *)  echo 'You do not select a number between 1 to 4'
    ;;
esac

输出:

Input a number between 1 to 4
Your number is:3
You select 3

 

 

#!/bin/bash
while :
do
    echo -n "Enter a number between 1 and 5:"
    read aNum
    case $aNum in
        1|2|3|4|5) echo "The number you entered is $aNum!"
        ;;
        *) echo "The number you entered is not between 1 and 5! game over!"
            break
        ;;
    esac
done

输出:

Enter a number between 1 and 5:3
The number you entered is 3!
Enter a number between 1 and 5:7
The number you entered is not between 1 and 5! game over!

 

#!/bin/bash
while :
do
    echo -n "Enter a number between 1 and 5: "
    read aNum
    case $aNum in
        1|2|3|4|5) echo "The number you entered is $aNum!"
        ;;
        *) echo "The number you entered is not between 1 and 5!"
            continue
            echo "game over"
        ;;
    esac
done

运行代码发现,当输入大于5的数字时,该例中的循环不会结束,语句 echo "Game is over!" 永远不会被执行。

 

参考资料

1. Shell case esac 语句

2. shell字符串截取、替换、删除

 

posted @ 2022-05-31 22:09  苏格拉底的落泪  阅读(30)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报