【shell编程】shell case esac 语句
shell case esac 语句
ase ... esac 与其他语言中的 switch ... case 语句类似,是一种多分枝选择结构。case 语句匹配一个值或一个模式,如果匹配成功,执行相匹配的命令。case 语句格式如下:\
case 值 in
模式1)
command1
command2
command3
;;
模式2)
command1
command2
command3
;;
*)
command1
command2
command3
;;
esac
ase 工作方式如上所示。取值后面必须为关键字 in,每一模式必须以右括号结束。取值可以为变量或常数。匹配发现取值符合某一模式后,其间所有命令开始执行直至 ;;。;; 与其他语言中的 break 类似,意思是跳到整个 case 语句的最后。
取值将检测匹配的每一个模式。一旦模式匹配,则执行完匹配模式相应命令后不再继续其他模式。如果无一匹配模式,使用星号 * 捕获该值,再执行后面的命令。
下面的脚本提示输入1到4,与每一种模式进行匹配:
echo 'Input a number between 1 to 4'
echo 'Your number is:\c'
read aNum
case $aNum in
1) echo 'You select 1'
;;
2) echo 'You select 2'
;;
3) echo 'You select 3'
;;
4) echo 'You select 4'
;;
*) echo 'You do not select a number between 1 to 4'
;;
esac
输出:
Input a number between 1 to 4
Your number is:3
You select 3
#!/bin/bash
while :
do
echo -n "Enter a number between 1 and 5:"
read aNum
case $aNum in
1|2|3|4|5) echo "The number you entered is $aNum!"
;;
*) echo "The number you entered is not between 1 and 5! game over!"
break
;;
esac
done
输出:
Enter a number between 1 and 5:3
The number you entered is 3!
Enter a number between 1 and 5:7
The number you entered is not between 1 and 5! game over!
#!/bin/bash
while :
do
echo -n "Enter a number between 1 and 5: "
read aNum
case $aNum in
1|2|3|4|5) echo "The number you entered is $aNum!"
;;
*) echo "The number you entered is not between 1 and 5!"
continue
echo "game over"
;;
esac
done
运行代码发现,当输入大于5的数字时,该例中的循环不会结束,语句 echo "Game is over!"
永远不会被执行。
参考资料