⽆处不在的代理模式(一)

一:动态代理介绍

1、增强型代理

 (1)⽤户画像,收集⽤户⾏为⽇志
⽤户画像,需要收集"登陆"、"下单"、"评论"、"退货"等⾏为⽇志。然后在通过⼤数据引擎进
⾏分析画像。我们不能为每⼀个⽅法,增加采集⽇志。⼯作量实在是太⼤了。这时就可以给这
些⽅法进⾏“代理开光”,好处是核⼼功能不变,增加附加功能,并保留原有使⽤⽅式。

 

 

 

 (2)Spring 声明示事务
我们所熟知的spring声明示事务就是⼀个典型的增强型代理,原本核⼼功能是做⼀些业务上的
增删改查,通过代理增强之后就多出⼀个事物的功能。但我们对原来服务的调⽤⽅式是保持不
变。

 (3)增强代理的应⽤条件:
a. 普适性:代理逻辑能够适应⽤系统中的⼤部分场景
b. 业务⽆关性:不能影响业务,更不能够直接偶和业务。⽆论成功失败都不⼲涉现有业务。
强调这两个特性是有原因的。因为代理本身会提⾼系统的复杂度,使源码阅读和调试都会变得
困难,若不满⾜这两个条件复杂度会进⼀步上升。得不尝失,检芝麻丢⻄⽠。
⽐如上述关于Spring 声明示事务的例⼦,如果让你去调试关于事务相关的逻辑,根本就不知
道从哪⾥下⼿。所以当业务逻辑嵌⼊到代理中,这是⼀件⾮常可怕事情。

 (4)总结:
增强型代理就是对已有的对像进⾏代理增强,好处是可⼤范围的覆盖。但坏处是它会给系统带
来复杂性,所以必须保证增强的逻辑是普适的,⽽且与业务⽆关。

二、动态代理的本质(深入分析JDK动态代理为什么只能使用接口)

public class UserServiceProxy implements InvocationHandler{


    @Override
    public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method,
                         Object[] args) throws Throwable {
        // 代理逻辑 或业务逻辑了
        System.out.println("执行方法:"+method.getName());
        return null;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
//        createProxyClass();
        ClassLoader loader=UserService.class.getClassLoader();//对应被代理的类的加载器,确保使用同一个类来加载被代理类
        InvocationHandler handler=new UserServiceProxy();//代理执行器
        UserService service = (UserService) Proxy.
            newProxyInstance(loader, new Class[]{UserService.class}, handler);//生成代理类    new Class[]{UserService.class}要代理的接口集
        service.editName(1,"");
        createProxyClass();
    }
    // Class  获取proxy$1 代理实现的代码  通过反编译
    public static void createProxyClass() throws IOException {
        byte[] bytes = ProxyGenerator.generateProxyClass("Proxy$1",
                new Class[]{UserService.class});//动态代理会调用该方法,生成被代理对象的字节码
        Files.write(new File(System.getProperty("user.dir")
                + "/target/Proxy$1.class").toPath(), bytes);
    }}
//
// Source code recreated from a .class file by IntelliJ IDEA
// (powered by Fernflower decompiler)
//

import com.code.read.pattern.proxy.UserService;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationHandler;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.lang.reflect.Proxy;
import java.lang.reflect.UndeclaredThrowableException;
//继承proxy,实现被代理类。。反编译字节码得到
public final class Proxy$1 extends Proxy implements UserService {
    private static Method m1;
    private static Method m2;
    private static Method m3;
    private static Method m4;
    private static Method m0;

    public Proxy$1(InvocationHandler var1) throws  {
        super(var1);
    }

    public final boolean equals(Object var1) throws  {
        try {
            return (Boolean)super.h.invoke(this, m1, new Object[]{var1});
        } catch (RuntimeException | Error var3) {
            throw var3;
        } catch (Throwable var4) {
            throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(var4);
        }
    }

    public final String toString() throws  {
        try {
            return (String)super.h.invoke(this, m2, (Object[])null);
        } catch (RuntimeException | Error var2) {
            throw var2;
        } catch (Throwable var3) {
            throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(var3);
        }
    }

    public final String getName(Integer var1) throws  {
        try {
            return (String)super.h.invoke(this, m3, new Object[]{var1});
        } catch (RuntimeException | Error var3) {
            throw var3;
        } catch (Throwable var4) {
            throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(var4);
        }
    }
  //代理方法
    public final void editName(Integer var1, String var2) throws  {
        try {
            super.h.invoke(this, m4, new Object[]{var1, var2});
        } catch (RuntimeException | Error var4) {
            throw var4;
        } catch (Throwable var5) {
            throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(var5);
        }
    }

    public final int hashCode() throws  {
        try {
            return (Integer)super.h.invoke(this, m0, (Object[])null);
        } catch (RuntimeException | Error var2) {
            throw var2;
        } catch (Throwable var3) {
            throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(var3);
        }
    }

    static {
        try {
            m1 = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getMethod("equals", Class.forName("java.lang.Object"));
            m2 = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getMethod("toString");
            m3 = Class.forName("com.code.read.pattern.proxy.UserService").getMethod("getName", Class.forName("java.lang.Integer"));
            m4 = Class.forName("com.code.read.pattern.proxy.UserService").getMethod("editName", Class.forName("java.lang.Integer"), Class.forName("java.lang.String"));
            m0 = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getMethod("hashCode");
        } catch (NoSuchMethodException var2) {
            throw new NoSuchMethodError(var2.getMessage());
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException var3) {
            throw new NoClassDefFoundError(var3.getMessage());
        }
    }
}

 

动态⽣成的这个代理实例,实现了代理接⼝(UserService),⽤户可以直接调⽤接⼝中的⽅法。
最后逻辑将会交给代理执⾏器的invoke⽅法。这是如何实现的呢?

从图中可以看出代理实现中的每⼀个⽅法都会转调⽤,代理执⾏器中invoke⽅法。由此可以推
断出,代理执⾏器是代理实例中的⼀个属性。然后当流程到达代理执⾏器之后便就可以⾃定义
处理相关代理逻辑了。

其中代理实现部分的代码是看不到的.

通过反编译可以看出:

    public Proxy$1(InvocationHandler var1) throws  {
        super(var1);
    }//反编译可以看到,Proxy$1的构造方法,先去调用自己的父类Proxy的构造方法。


//Proxy的源码中的构造方法,InvocationHandler就是代理执行器
     protected InvocationHandler h;//proxy持有代理执行器,因此最终调用到了invoke方法。也就是  super.h.invoke()
     protected Proxy(InvocationHandler h) {
        Objects.requireNonNull(h);
        this.h = h;
    }

 我们通过反编译出代码可以清楚看到Proxy$1对象持有一个InvocationHandler 代理执行器对象,由于Proxy$1继承自proxy代理,所以Proxy$1进行构造器构造时,会调用父类proxy的构造器,传入InvocationHandler对象,此时Proxy$1拥有了userService方法(实现了userService接口),拥有的InvocationHandler方法。所以当调用editmane时,就可以调用到invoke方法。

 

接着来看看,代理对象service是如何生成的。

UserService service = (UserService) Proxy.
            newProxyInstance(loader, new Class[]{UserService.class}, handler);//生成代理类    new Class[]{UserService.class}要代理的接口集

public static Object newProxyInstance(ClassLoader loader,
                                          Class<?>[] interfaces,
                                          InvocationHandler h)
        throws IllegalArgumentException
    {
        Objects.requireNonNull(h);

        final Class<?>[] intfs = interfaces.clone();//克隆接口
        final SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
        if (sm != null) {
            checkProxyAccess(Reflection.getCallerClass(), loader, intfs);
        }

        /*
         * Look up or generate the designated proxy class.
         *///生成代理类,底层通过拼装class字节码的方式得到类
        Class<?> cl = getProxyClass0(loader, intfs);

        /*
         * Invoke its constructor with the designated invocation handler.
         */
        try {
            if (sm != null) {
                checkNewProxyPermission(Reflection.getCallerClass(), cl);
            }

            final Constructor<?> cons = cl.getConstructor(constructorParams);
            final InvocationHandler ih = h;
            if (!Modifier.isPublic(cl.getModifiers())) {
                AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction<Void>() {
                    public Void run() {
                        cons.setAccessible(true);
                        return null;
                    }
                });
            }//创建一个代理类是实例。调用代理类的构造器,构造器参数为InvocationHandler的接口实现类
            return cons.newInstance(new Object[]{h});
        } catch (IllegalAccessException|InstantiationException e) {
            throw new InternalError(e.toString(), e);
        } catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
            Throwable t = e.getCause();
            if (t instanceof RuntimeException) {
                throw (RuntimeException) t;
            } else {
                throw new InternalError(t.toString(), t);
            }
        } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
            throw new InternalError(e.toString(), e);
        }
    }

 

    private static Class<?> getProxyClass0(ClassLoader loader,
                                           Class<?>... interfaces) {
        if (interfaces.length > 65535) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("interface limit exceeded");
        }//校验

        // If the proxy class defined by the given loader implementing
        // the given interfaces exists, this will simply return the cached copy;
        // otherwise, it will create the proxy class via the ProxyClassFactory //可以看到是从缓存中获取的代理类,该类通过工厂方法获取
        return proxyClassCache.get(loader, interfaces);
    }
    private static final WeakCache<ClassLoader, Class<?>[], Class<?>>//代理类的缓存,当缓存存在直接直接获取,当缓存不存在调用ProxyClassFactory的apply方法来生成一个代理类
        proxyClassCache = new WeakCache<>(new KeyFactory(), new ProxyClassFactory());

    /**
     * the invocation handler for this proxy instance.
     * @serial
     */
    protected InvocationHandler h;

    /**
     * Prohibits instantiation.
     */
    private Proxy() {
    }
private static final class ProxyClassFactory
        implements BiFunction<ClassLoader, Class<?>[], Class<?>>
    {
        // prefix for all proxy class names
        private static final String proxyClassNamePrefix = "$Proxy";

        // next number to use for generation of unique proxy class names
        private static final AtomicLong nextUniqueNumber = new AtomicLong();

        @Override //不存在时调用apply方法,生成代理类
        public Class<?> apply(ClassLoader loader, Class<?>[] interfaces) {

            Map<Class<?>, Boolean> interfaceSet = new IdentityHashMap<>(interfaces.length);
            for (Class<?> intf : interfaces) {
                /*
                 * Verify that the class loader resolves the name of this
                 * interface to the same Class object.
                 */
                Class<?> interfaceClass = null;
                try {//此处校验类加载器是否正确,如果类加载器不正确,则nterfaceClass != intf,加载的类不可能相等
                    interfaceClass = Class.forName(intf.getName(), false, loader);
                } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
                }
                if (interfaceClass != intf) {
                    throw new IllegalArgumentException(
                        intf + " is not visible from class loader");
                }
                /*
                 * Verify that the Class object actually represents an
                 * interface.
                 */
                if (!interfaceClass.isInterface()) {
                    throw new IllegalArgumentException(
                        interfaceClass.getName() + " is not an interface");
                }
                /*
                 * Verify that this interface is not a duplicate.
                 */ //判断该接口是否已经加入缓存
                if (interfaceSet.put(interfaceClass, Boolean.TRUE) != null) {
                    throw new IllegalArgumentException(
                        "repeated interface: " + interfaceClass.getName());
                }
            }

            String proxyPkg = null;     // package to define proxy class in
            int accessFlags = Modifier.PUBLIC | Modifier.FINAL;

            /*
             * Record the package of a non-public proxy interface so that the
             * proxy class will be defined in the same package.  Verify that
             * all non-public proxy interfaces are in the same package.
             */
            for (Class<?> intf : interfaces) {
                int flags = intf.getModifiers();
                if (!Modifier.isPublic(flags)) {
                    accessFlags = Modifier.FINAL;
                    String name = intf.getName();
                    int n = name.lastIndexOf('.');
                    String pkg = ((n == -1) ? "" : name.substring(0, n + 1));
                    if (proxyPkg == null) {
                        proxyPkg = pkg;
                    } else if (!pkg.equals(proxyPkg)) {
                        throw new IllegalArgumentException(
                            "non-public interfaces from different packages");
                    }
                }
            }

            if (proxyPkg == null) {
                // if no non-public proxy interfaces, use com.sun.proxy package
                proxyPkg = ReflectUtil.PROXY_PACKAGE + ".";
            }

            /*
             * Choose a name for the proxy class to generate.
             */
            long num = nextUniqueNumber.getAndIncrement();
            String proxyName = proxyPkg + proxyClassNamePrefix + num;

            /*
             * Generate the specified proxy class.
             */ //生成代理类二进制字节码,ProxyGenerator.generateProxyClass生成.class文件的过程其实就是根据.class文件格式来一步步拼接处对应字节数组。
//由于一个Class包含一个类的所有完整信息,所以可以通过interfaces构建出一个字节码文件。
byte[] proxyClassFile = ProxyGenerator.generateProxyClass( proxyName, interfaces, accessFlags); try {//装载到虚拟机中 return defineClass0(loader, proxyName, proxyClassFile, 0, proxyClassFile.length); } catch (ClassFormatError e) { /* * A ClassFormatError here means that (barring bugs in the * proxy class generation code) there was some other * invalid aspect of the arguments supplied to the proxy * class creation (such as virtual machine limitations * exceeded). */ throw new IllegalArgumentException(e.toString()); } } }

最终返回一个代理类,由于代理类持有一个代理执行器,所以,代理类反射创建一个代理对象userService。

 
posted @ 2020-09-07 00:04  小南的歌  阅读(174)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报