nginx
web服务 apache iis
django web框架
lvs 负载均衡 章文嵩博士
vue 尤雨溪
Tengine
F5 硬件负载
A10
安装
```
wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.16.1.tar.gz
tar xf nginx-1.16.1.tar.gz
cd nginx-1.16.1
yum install gcc zlib2-devel pcre-devel openssl-devel
./configure --prefix=/opt/nginx --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_stub_status_module
make && make install
```
目录结构
```
[root@localhost nginx]#ls
conf html logs sbin
conf 配置文件
html 存放静态文件 index.html 是默认的欢迎页面
logs 日志目录
sbin 二进制文件
启动以后会生成一个主进程，根据配置文件的选项来生成子进程（工作进程），主进程不负责处理用户的请求，用来转发用户的请求，真正负责处理用户请求的是子进程
```
命令格式
```
./sbin/nginx -h
nginx version: nginx/1.16.1
Usage: nginx [-?hvVtTq] [-s signal] [-c filename] [-p prefix] [-g directives]
Options:
-?,-h : this help
-v : show version and exit 显示版本号
-V : show version and configure options then exit 显示版本+编译时选项
-t : test configuration and exit 测试配置文件
-T : test configuration, dump it and exit
-q : suppress non-error messages during configuration testing
-s signal : send signal to a master process: stop, quit, reopen, reload
-p prefix : set prefix path (default: /opt/nginx/)
-c filename : set configuration file (default: conf/nginx.conf)
-g directives : set global directives out of configuration file
```
配置文件
```shell
#user nobody; 使用哪个用户来启动子进程
worker_processes 1; #工作进程的个数，配置成cpu的核心数-1或者-2
# cpu亲缘性绑定，让nginx的子进程工作在哪个核心上
#error_log logs/error.log;
#error_log logs/error.log notice;
#error_log logs/error.log info;
#pid logs/nginx.pid;
events {
#use [epoll|select|poll];
worker_connections 102400; # 每一个子进程可以处理的连接数
}
http {
include mime.types; #导入
default_type application/octet-stream; # 默认的请求方式
# 定义日志格式
#log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
# '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
# '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
#定义日志并定义日志格式
#access_log logs/access.log main;
sendfile on;
#tcp_nopush on;
#keepalive_timeout 0;
keepalive_timeout 65; # 保持长连接的超时时间
#gzip on;
server {
listen 80; #监听端口
server_name localhost;
#charset koi8-r;
#access_log logs/host.access.log main;
location / {
root html; # 指定静态文件地址
index index.html index.htm; # 指定默认的index页面
}
# 错误页面 找不到页面
#error_page 404 /404.html;
# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
#
# 错误页面 服务端错误
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}
# proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
#}
# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# root html;
# fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
# fastcgi_index index.php;
# fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
# include fastcgi_params;
#}
# deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
# concurs with nginx's one
#
#location ~ /\.ht {
# deny all;
#}
}
# another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
#
#server {
# listen 8000;
# listen somename:8080;
# server_name somename alias another.alias;
# location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
# }
#}
# HTTPS server
#
#server {
# listen 443 ssl;
# server_name localhost;
# ssl_certificate cert.pem;
# ssl_certificate_key cert.key;
# ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m;
# ssl_session_timeout 5m;
# ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
# ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
# location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
# }
#}
}
```
404页面
```
error_page 404 /404.html;
```
root和alias的区别
```
location /img {
root /data/img;
}
root /data/img 里面必须有/img
location /img {
alias /data/img;
}
alias /data/img 里面不需要有 /img
```
域名
```
server_name mynginx.com
```
多域名访问
```
server {
listen 80;
server_name www.taobao.com taobao.com;
location / {
root /data/taobao;
index index.html;
}
}
server {
listen 80;
server_name www.jd.com jd.com;
location / {
root /data/jd;
index index.html;
}
}
```
默认server
```
listen 80 default_server; #放在server中的端口号后面，在使用ip访问时，默认访问的server
```
