[转载]如何判断数据库,表或字段是否存在

在添加新的数据库,表或字段的时候,添加之前一般都会检查是否已经存在,这样做的好处是保证脚本的稳定性,再次执行的时候也不会报错了。

有两种方法,一种是使用内置的函数,另外一种是查询系统表,总结的sql脚本如下。

USE master;
GO

-- 判断数据库是否存在
-- 方法1:使用函数DB_ID
IF DB_ID('TestDB') IS NOT NULL DROP DATABASE TestDB;

-- 方法2:查询系统表
IF EXISTS(SELECT * FROM sys.sysdatabases WHERE name=N'TestDB') DROP DATABASE TestDB;

USE TestDB;
GO

-- 判断数据表是否存在
-- 方法1:使用函数OBJECT_ID
IF OBJECT_ID('dbo.Test','U') IS NOT NULL DROP TABLE dbo.Test;

-- 方法2:查询系统表
IF EXISTS(SELECT * FROM sys.syscolumns WHERE OBJECT_ID('dbo.Test')) DROP TABLE dbo.Test;

-- 判断字段是否存在
-- 方法1:使用函数COL_LENGTH
IF COL_LENGTH('dbo.Test',N'UserId') IS NULL
 ALTER TABLE dbo.Test ADD Item1 NVARCHAR(max) NULL;

-- 方法2:查询系统表
IF EXISTS(SELECT * FROM sys.syscolumns WHERE id=OBJECT_ID('dbo.Test') AND name=N'UserId')
 PRINT 'UserId已存在'
ELSE
 PRINT 'UserId不存在'
 
 -- 刷新视图,因为新增或删除列时可能会影响到视图
 IF OBJECT_ID('dbo.ViewOrderIntegral','U') IS NOT NULL
 EXEC sp_refreshview N'dbo.ViewOrderIntegral';

Mysql

1、判断一个表是否存在

语法:

SELECT table_name FROM information_schema.TABLES WHERE table_name ='表名';

sql例子:

SELECT table_name FROM information_schema.TABLES WHERE table_name ='t_iov_vehicle_owner_info'

存在:


不存在:

备注,sql也可以这样写:

select count(*) from information_schema.tables where table_name='t_iov_vehicle_owner_info'


2、判断表中一个字段是否存在

语法:

select count(*) from information_schema.columns where table_name = '表名' and column_name = '字段名'

sql例子:

select count(*) from information_schema.columns where table_name = 't_iov_vehicle_owner_info' and column_name = 'id'

 

java可以通过DatabaseMetaData确定数据库中是否存在表和表中是否有列。

参考:

http://docs.oracle.com/javase/6/docs/api/java/sql/DatabaseMetaData.html

http://stackoverflow.com/questions/11699205/how-to-check-if-a-table-or-a-column-exists-in-a-database

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DatabaseMetaData;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.ResultSet;

public class CheckTableAndColumnExist {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Connection connection = null;
        try {
            String userName = "root";
            String password = "密码";
            String jdbcurl = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/库?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8";
            Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver").newInstance();
            connection = DriverManager.getConnection(jdbcurl, userName,
                    password);
            DatabaseMetaData md = connection.getMetaData();
            String tableName = "表名";
            String columnName = "列名";
            ResultSet rs = md.getTables(null, null, tableName, null);
            if (rs.next()) {
                System.out.println("Table " + tableName + " exist");
                rs = md.getColumns(null, null, tableName, columnName);
                if (rs.next()) {
                    System.out.println("Column " + columnName+ " exist in Table " + tableName);
                } else {
                    System.out.println("Column " + columnName+ " not exist in Table " + tableName);
                }
            } else {
                System.out.println("Table " + tableName + " not exist");
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.err.println("Cannot connect to database server,Exception:"
                    + e.getMessage());
        } finally {
            if (connection != null) {
                try {
                    connection.close();
                    connection = null;
                } catch (Exception e) { /* ignore close errors */
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

 

posted on 2019-06-20 15:57  sumlen  阅读(6267)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报

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