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CodeFirstMigrations更新数据库结构(EF数据迁移)

背景

code first起初当修改model后,要持久化至数据库中时,总要把原数据库给删除掉再创建(DropCreateDatabaseIfModelChanges),此时就会产生一个问题,当我们的旧数据库中包含一些测试数据时,当持久化更新后,原数据将全部丢失,故我们可以引入EF的数据迁移功能来完成。

要求

  1. 已安装NuGet

过程示例

[csharp] view plaincopy

  1. //原model

[csharp] view plaincopy

  1. using System.Collections;  
  2. using System.Collections.Generic;  
  3. using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;  
  4. public class Lesson {  
  5. public int lessonID { get; set; }  
  6.     [Required]  
  7.     [MaxLength(50)]  
  8. public string lessonName { get; set; }  
  9.     [Required]  
  10. public string teacherName { get; set; }  
  11. public virtual UserInfo UserInfo{get;set;}  

[csharp] view plaincopy

  1. //新model

[csharp] view plaincopy

  1. using System.Collections;  
  2. using System.Collections.Generic;  
  3. using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;  
  4. public class Lesson {  
  5. public int lessonID { get; set; }  
  6.     [Required]  
  7.     [MaxLength(50)]  
  8. public string lessonName { get; set; }  
  9.     [Required]  
  10.     [MaxLength(10)]  
  11. public string teacherName { get; set; }  
  12. public virtual UserInfo UserInfo{get;set;}  

注:区别在于,我们给teacherName属性加了一个长度限制。

接下来,我们将开始持久化此model至数据库中(我们现在只是对属性作修改,此时数据库中此字段的长度为nvarchar(max),并不是nvarchar(10))

1:在config中配置数据库连接:

[html] view plaincopy

  1. <connectionStrings>
  2. <add name="TestUsersDB" connectionString="Integrated Security=SSPI;Persist Security Info=False;Initial Catalog=TestUsersDB;Data Source=XCL-PC\SQLEXPRESS" providerName="System.Data.SqlClient" />
  3. </connectionStrings>

2:打开NuGet控制台:

3:运行命令Enable-Migrations

可能会出现如下错误:

Checking if the context targets an existing database...
Detected database created with a database initializer. Scaffolded migration '201212090821166_InitialCreate' corresponding to existing database. To use an automatic migration instead, delete the Migrations folder and re-run Enable-Migrations specifying the -EnableAutomaticMigrations parameter.
Code First Migrations enabled for project MvcApplication1.

此时项目会出现如下文件夹:

打开configuation.cs,将作出如下修改:

[csharp] view plaincopy

  1. public Configuration()  
  2. {  
  3.     AutomaticMigrationsEnabled = true;  

再次执行Update-Database:

因为我把长度从max改为10,在更新数据结构时,它认为此操作会导致数据丢失,如下:

Specify the '-Verbose' flag to view the SQL statements being applied to the target database.
No pending code-based migrations.
Applying automatic migration: 201212090848057_AutomaticMigration.
Automatic migration was not applied because it would result in data loss.

如果确保没事,只需给此命令加个强制执行的参数即可:

Enable-Migrations -Force

最后再次执行:Update-Database

数据库中的原数据也没有丢失!

posted @ 2014-07-12 16:42  万事俱备就差个程序员  阅读(410)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报

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