21. Blog接口开发
2019-06-12 16:44 软件测试汪 阅读(375) 评论(0) 编辑 收藏 举报一般的系统由登录、增删改查所组成。我们的Blog同样如此。我们会开发登录、创建博客、删除博客、修改博客、查询博客等功能。话不多说,我们直接展开实践吧。
思路分析
- 创建项目。既然我们要创建一个blog,那么我们第一步肯定是创建一个django项目。
- 创建应用。我们上面已经学过,应用是放在django项目中的。
- 设计数据库。我们之前提到过MTV设计模式,其中M我们没有用到。但是在Blog系统中我们将会用到。因为我们会创建博客,所以会有数据存储。
- 编写视图函数V。
- 配置URL。
代码实现
1.创建项目 django-admin blog
2.创建应用 django-admin startproject article
,2.blog/settings.py添加article应用,如下代码所示:
INSTALLED_APPS = [
'django.contrib.admin',
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
'article',
]
3.设计数据库 在article/modles.py输入如下代码:
from django.db import models
# Create your models here.
class Article(models.Model):
title = models.CharField(max_length=10, )
author = models.CharField(max_length=10)
content = models.CharField(max_length=500)
date_publish = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True)
def __str__(self):
return self.title
备注:__str__的作用是美化打印出来的结果,使人类更方便查看。
4.新建blog数据库 打开wampserver、Navicat,新建blog数据库
5.连接本地数据库 因为我们要使用Navicat连接数据库,所以我们需要对我们的项目进行一些修改,打开settings.py文件,注释粗体部分代码,添加数据库配置代码,如下所示:
# Database
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.1/ref/settings/#databases
# DATABASES = {
# 'default': {
# 'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
# 'NAME': os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'db.sqlite3'),
# }
# }
# 新增代码
DATABASES = {
'default':{
'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
'HOST': '127.0.0.1',
'PORT': '3306',
'NAME': 'blog',
'USER': 'root',
'PASSWORD': '',
'OPTIONS': {
'init_command': "SET sql_mode='STRICT_TRANS_TABLES'",
},
}
}
6.在.../blog/init.py 目录下添加:
import pymysql
pymysql.install_as_MySQLdb()
7.数据库迁移 执行python manage.py makemigrations
,再执行python manage.py migrate
python manage.py makemigrations
python manage.py migrate
8.创建用户。因为我们接口实现登录的功能,所以我们需要创建用户 。
F:\新建文件夹\blog>python3 manage.py createsuperuser
Username (leave blank to use 'administrator'): admin
Email address: admin@qq.com
Password:
Password (again):
Superuser created successfully.
9.编写视图函数V,打开article/views.py,输入如下代码
from django.http import JsonResponse
from .models import Article
from django.contrib import auth
# 登录接口
def login(request):
if request.method == 'POST':
username = request.POST.get('username', '')
password = request.POST.get('password', '')
if username == '' or password == '':
return JsonResponse({'status': 0, 'message': 'username or password null'})
user = auth.authenticate(username=username, password=password)
if user is not None:
return JsonResponse({'status': 1, 'message': 'login success'})
else:
return JsonResponse({'status': 0, 'message': 'username or password error'})
else:
return JsonResponse({'status': 0, 'message': 'request type error'})
# 添加文章接口
def add_article(request):
if request.method == 'POST':
id = request.POST.get('id', '')
title = request.POST.get('title', '')
author = request.POST.get('author', '')
content = request.POST.get('content', '')
if id == '' or title == '' or author == '' or content == '':
return JsonResponse({'status': 0, 'message': 'id or title or author or content null'})
if len(title) > 10:
return JsonResponse({'status': 0, 'message': '文章标题过长'})
if len(author) > 10:
return JsonResponse({'status': 0, 'message': '作者名称过长'})
if len(content) > 500:
return JsonResponse({'status': 0, 'message': '文章内容过长'})
try:
result = Article.objects.filter(id=id)
except ValueError:
return JsonResponse({'status': 0, 'message': "参数类型错误"})
if result:
return JsonResponse({'status': 0, 'message': 'article id already exists'})
else:
try:
Article.objects.create(id=id, title=title, author=author, content=content)
except BaseException as e:
return JsonResponse({'status': 0, 'message': e})
finally:
data = {
"id": id,
"title": title,
"author": author,
"content": content
}
return JsonResponse({'status': 1, 'data': data, 'message': 'add article success'})
else:
return JsonResponse({'status': 0, 'message': 'request type error'})
# 修改文章接口
def modify_article(request):
if request.method == 'POST':
id = request.POST.get('id', '')
title = request.POST.get('title', '')
author = request.POST.get('author', '')
content = request.POST.get('content', '')
if id == '' or title == '' or author == '' or content == '':
return JsonResponse({'status': 0, 'message': 'id or title or author or content null'})
try:
result = Article.objects.filter(id=id)
except ValueError:
return JsonResponse({'status': 0, 'message': "参数类型错误"})
if not result:
return JsonResponse({'status': 0, 'message': 'article not exist'})
if len(title) > 10:
return JsonResponse({'status': 0, 'message': '文章标题过长'})
if len(author) > 10:
return JsonResponse({'status': 0, 'message': '作者名称过长'})
if len(content) > 500:
return JsonResponse({'status': 0, 'message': '文章内容过长'})
try:
Article.objects.filter(id=id).update(id=id, title=title, author=author, content=content)
except BaseException as e:
return JsonResponse({'status': 0, 'message': e})
finally:
data = {
"id": id,
"title": title,
"author": author,
"content": content
}
return JsonResponse({'status': 1, 'data': data, 'message': 'modify article success'})
else:
return JsonResponse({'status': 0, 'message': 'request type error'})
# 删除文章接口
def delete_article(request):
if request.method == 'POST':
id = request.POST.get('id', '')
if id == '':
return JsonResponse({'status': 0, 'message': 'id null'})
try:
result = Article.objects.filter(id=id)
except ValueError:
return JsonResponse({'status': 0, 'message': "参数类型错误"})
if not result:
return JsonResponse({'status': 0, 'message': 'id not exist'})
try:
Article.objects.filter(id=id).delete()
except BaseException:
return JsonResponse({'status': 0, 'message': '删除文章失败'})
finally:
return JsonResponse({'status': 1, 'message': 'delete article success'})
else:
return JsonResponse({'status': 0, 'message': 'request type error'})
# 查询文章接口
def get_article(request):
if request.method == 'POST':
title = request.POST.get("title", "")
if title == '':
data = []
articles = Article.objects.all()
if articles:
for article in articles:
r = {
"id": article.id,
"title": article.title,
"author": article.author,
"content": article.content
}
data.append(r)
return JsonResponse({'status': 1, 'message': 'success', 'data': data})
if title != '':
data = []
articles = Article.objects.filter(title__contains=title)
if articles:
for article in articles:
r = {
"id": article.id,
"title": article.title,
"author": article.author,
"content": article.content
}
data.append(r)
return JsonResponse({'status': 1, 'message': 'success', 'data': data})
else:
return JsonResponse({'status': 0, 'message': 'query result is empty'})
else:
return JsonResponse({'status': 0, 'message': 'request type error'})
10.配置URL 打开blog/urls.py输入如下代码
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path
from article import views
urlpatterns = [
path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
path('add_article', views.add_article),
path('modify_article', views.modify_article),
path('delete_article', views.delete_article),
path('get_article', views.get_article),
path('login', views.login),
]
11.启动blog 在manage.py同级目录,输入python manage.py runserver
F:\新建文件夹\blog>python manage.py runserver
Performing system checks...
System check identified no issues (0 silenced).
March 04, 2019 - 13:25:31
Django version 2.1.4, using settings 'blog.settings'
Starting development server at http://127.0.0.1:8000/
Quit the server with CTRL-BREAK.