restful framework之序列化组件

阅读目录

• 一、Django自带序列化组件
• 二、restful_framework序列化之Serializer
• 三、restful_framework序列化之ModelSerializer
• 四、生成hypermedialin(极少数)
• 五、序列化组件之请求数据校验和保存功能
• 六、序列化组件源码分析

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一、Django自带序列化组件

from django.core import serializers
def test(request):
    book_list = Book.objects.all()    
    ret = serializers.serialize("json", book_list)
    return HttpResponse(ret)

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二、restful_framework序列化之Serializer

models.py

from django.db import models

# Create your models here.


class Book(models.Model):
    title=models.CharField(max_length=32)
    price=models.IntegerField()
    pub_date=models.DateField()
    publish=models.ForeignKey("Publish")
    authors=models.ManyToManyField("Author")
    def __str__(self):
        return self.title

class Publish(models.Model):
    name=models.CharField(max_length=32)
    email=models.EmailField()
    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

class Author(models.Model):
    name=models.CharField(max_length=32)
    age=models.IntegerField()
    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

views.py

from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response
from .models import *
from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse
from django.core import serializers
from rest_framework import serializers

class BookSerializers(serializers.Serializer):
    title=serializers.CharField(max_length=32)
    price=serializers.IntegerField()
    pub_date=serializers.DateField()
    publish=serializers.CharField(source="publish.name")
    #authors=serializers.CharField(source="authors.all")
    authors=serializers.SerializerMethodField()
    def get_authors(self,obj):
        temp=[]
        for author in obj.authors.all():
            temp.append(author.name)
        return temp
　　#此处可以继续用author的Serializers，
　　# def get_authors(self,obj):
　　　　#     ret=obj.authors.all()
　　　　#     ss=AuthorSerializer(ret,many=True)
　　　　#     return ss.data

class BookViewSet(APIView):

    def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
        book_list=Book.objects.all()
        # 序列化方式1:
        # from django.forms.models import model_to_dict
        # import json
        # data=[]
        # for obj in book_list:
        #     data.append(model_to_dict(obj))
        # print(data)
        # return HttpResponse("ok")

        # 序列化方式2:
        # data=serializers.serialize("json",book_list)
        # return HttpResponse(data)

        # 序列化方式3:
        bs=BookSerializers(book_list,many=True)     #many=True代表有多条数据，如果只有一条数据，many=False
        return Response(bs.data)
　　　　 # 序列化方式4: 
　　    # ret=models.Book.objects.all().values('nid','title')
　　　　 # dd=list(ret)
        # return HttpResponse(json.dumps(dd))

注意：

source 如果是字段，会显示字段，如果是方法，会执行方法，不用加括号（authors=serializers.CharField(source='authors.all')）

如在模型中定义一个方法，直接可以在在source指定执行

class UserInfo(models.Model):
    user_type_choices = (
        (1,'普通用户'),
        (2,'VIP'),
        (3,'SVIP'),
    )
    user_type = models.IntegerField(choices=user_type_choices)

    username = models.CharField(max_length=32,unique=True)
    password = models.CharField(max_length=64)


#视图
ret=models.UserInfo.objects.filter(pk=1).first()
aa=ret.get_user_type_display()

#serializer
xx=serializers.CharField(source='get_user_type_display')

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三、restful_framework序列化之ModelSerializer

class BookSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = models.Book
        # fields = "__all__"
        fields=['nid','title','authors','publish']
        # exclude=('nid',)   #不能跟fields同时用
        # depth = 1    #深度控制，写 几 往里拿几层，层数越多，响应越慢，官方建议0--10之间，个人建议最多3层
    publish=serializers.SerializerMethodField()
    def get_publish(self,obj):
        return obj.publish.name
    authors=serializers.SerializerMethodField()
    def get_authors(self,obj):
        ret=obj.authors.all()
        ss=AuthorSerializer(ret,many=True)
        return ss.data

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四、生成hypermedialin(极少数)

class BookSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = models.Book
        fields = "__all__"
    # 生成连接，直接查看出版社详情
    publish = serializers.HyperlinkedIdentityField(view_name='ttt', lookup_field='publish_id', lookup_url_kwarg='pkk')
    authors=serializers.SerializerMethodField()
    def get_authors(self,obj):
        ret=obj.authors.all()
        ss=AuthorSerializer(ret,many=True)
        return ss.data
#--------------

res=BookSerializers(ret,many=True,context={'request': request})

#--------------

class Publish(APIView):
    def get(self,request,pkk):
        print(pkk)
        return HttpResponse('ok')
#----路由---
url(r'^publish/(?P<pkk>\d+)$', views.Publish.as_view(),name='ttt'),

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五、序列化组件之请求数据校验和保存功能

class BookSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model=Book
        fields="__all__"

#————————
class BookView(APIView):

    def post(self, request):

        # 添加一条数据
        print(request.data)

        bs=BookSerializers(data=request.data)
        if bs.is_valid():
            bs.save()  # 生成记录
            return Response(bs.data)
        else:

            return Response(bs.errors)

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

class BookSerializer1(serializers.Serializer):
    title=serializers.CharField(error_messages={'required': '标题不能为空'})

#这种方式要保存，必须重写create方法

 通过源码查看留的校验字段的钩子函数：

#is_valid---->self.run_validation-(执行Serializer的run_validation)-->self.to_internal_value(data)---（执行Serializer的run_validation：485行）
def validate_title(self, value):
        from rest_framework import exceptions
        raise exceptions.ValidationError('看你不顺眼')
        return value

#全局
def validate(self, attrs):
    from rest_framework import exceptions
    if attrs.get('title')== attrs.get('title2'):
        return attrs
    else:
        raise exceptions.ValidationError('不想等啊')

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六、序列化组件源码分析

序列化组件，先调用__new__方法，如果many=True，生成ListSerializer对象，如果为False，生成Serializer对象
序列化对象.data方法--调用父类data方法---调用对象自己的to_representation（自定义的序列化类无此方法，去父类找）
Aerializer类里有to_representation方法，for循环执行attribute = field.get_attribute(instance)
再去Field类里去找get_attribute方法，self.source_attrs就是被切分的source，然后执行get_attribute方法，source_attrs
当参数传过去，判断是方法就加括号执行，是属性就把值取出来

图书的增删查改resful接口：

视图层：

class BookSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model=models.Book
        fields='__all__'


class BookView(APIView):

    def get(self, request):
        book_list = models.Book.objects.all()
        bs = BookSerializers(book_list, many=True)
        # 序列化数据

        return Response(bs.data)

    def post(self, request):
        # 添加一条数据
        print(request.data)

        bs=BookSerializers(data=request.data)
        if bs.is_valid():
            bs.save()  # 生成记录
            return Response(bs.data)
        else:

            return Response(bs.errors)

class BookDetailView(APIView):
    def get(self,request,pk):
        book_obj=models.Book.objects.filter(pk=pk).first()
        bs=BookSerializers(book_obj,many=False)
        return Response(bs.data)
    def put(self,request,pk):
        book_obj = models.Book.objects.filter(pk=pk).first()

        bs=BookSerializers(data=request.data,instance=book_obj)
        if bs.is_valid():
            bs.save() # update
            return Response(bs.data)
        else:
            return Response(bs.errors)
    def delete(self,request,pk):
        models.Book.objects.filter(pk=pk).delete()

        return Response("")

路由：

 url(r'^books/$', views.BookView.as_view()),
 url(r'^books/(?P<pk>\d+)$', views.BookDetailView.as_view()),