restful_framework之视图组件

阅读目录

• 一、基本视图
• 二、mixins类和generic类编写视图
• 三、使用generic下ListCreateAPIView和RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView
• 四、使用ModelViewSet

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一、基本视图

写一个出版社的增删查改resful接口

要自己事先创建好django项目，并创建好表，添加完记录

路由：

url(r'^publish/$', views.PublishView.as_view()),
url(r'^publish/(?P<pk>\d+)/$', views.PublishDetailView.as_view()),

视图：

from api import models
from rest_framework import serializers
from rest_framework.response import Response
from rest_framework.views import  APIView

class PublishSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model=models.Publish
        fields='__all__'

class PublishView(APIView):
　　#查询出版社表中所有记录
    def get(self, request):
        publish_list = models.Publish.objects.all()
        bs = PublishSerializers(publish_list, many=True)
        # 序列化数据

        return Response(bs.data)   #返回的结果是列表中套字典
　　
    def post(self, request):
        # 添加一条数据
        print(request.data)

        bs=PublishSerializers(data=request.data)
        if bs.is_valid():
            bs.save()  # 生成记录
            return Response(bs.data)   #返回的是添加成功记录的字典
        else:

            return Response(bs.errors)

class PublishDetailView(APIView):
　　 #查询某一条数据
    def get(self,request,pk):
        publish_obj=models.Publish.objects.filter(pk=pk).first()
        bs=PublishSerializers(publish_obj,many=False)
        return Response(bs.data)
　　 #更新某一条数据
    def put(self,request,pk):
        publish_obj = models.Publish.objects.filter(pk=pk).first()

        bs=PublishSerializers(data=request.data,instance=publish_obj)
        if bs.is_valid():
            bs.save() # update
            return Response(bs.data)
        else:
            return Response(bs.errors)
　　 #删除某一条数据
    def delete(self,request,pk):
        models.Publish.objects.filter(pk=pk).delete()

        return Response("")

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二、mixins类和generic类编写视图

路由：

  url(r'^publishes$', views.Publish.as_view()),
  url(r'^publish/(?P<pk>\d+)', views.PublishDetail.as_view()),

视图：

from api import models
from rest_framework import serializers
from rest_framework import mixins
from rest_framework.generics import GenericAPIView
class PublishSer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model=models.Publish
        fields='__all__'
class Publish(GenericAPIView,mixins.ListModelMixin,mixins.CreateModelMixin):
    queryset = models.Publish.objects.all()
    serializer_class = PublishSer
    def get(self,request):
        return self.list(request)   #在ListModelMixin下有一个list方法，返回的就是查询的结果:Response(serializer.data)
    def post(self,request):
        return  self.create(request)  #已经封装好了，帮我们做校验和序列化，返回的是添加成功的记录

class PublishDetail(GenericAPIView,mixins.DestroyModelMixin,mixins.RetrieveModelMixin,mixins.UpdateModelMixin):

    queryset = models.Publish.objects.all()
    serializer_class = PublishSer
    def get(self,request,*args, **kwargs):
        return self.retrieve(request,*args, **kwargs)

    def put(self,request,*args, **kwargs):
        return self.update(request,*args, **kwargs)

    def delete(self,request,*args, **kwargs):
        return self.destroy(request,*args, **kwargs)

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三、使用generic下ListCreateAPIView和RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView

路由：

 url(r'^publishes$', views.Publish.as_view()),
 url(r'^publish/(?P<pk>\d+)', views.PublishDetail.as_view()),

视图：

from api import models
from rest_framework import mixins
from rest_framework.generics import GenericAPIView
from rest_framework.generics import ListCreateAPIView,RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView
from rest_framework import serializers
class Publishser(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model=models.Publish
        fields='__all__'

class Publish(ListCreateAPIView):
    queryset = models.Publish.objects.all()
    serializer_class = Publishser

class PublishDetail(RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView):
    queryset = models.Publish.objects.all()
    serializer_class = Publishser

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四、使用ModelViewSet

路由：

url(r'^publish$',views.Publish.as_view({'get':'list','post':'create'})),
url(r'^publish/(?P<pk>\d+)', views.Publish.as_view({'get': 'retrieve', 'put': 'update', 'delete': 'destroy'})),

视图：

from rest_framework.viewsets import ModelViewSet
from api import models
from rest_framework import serializers
class Publishser(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model=models.Publish
        fields='__all__'
class Publish(ModelViewSet):
    queryset = models.Publish.objects.all()
    serializer_class = Publishser