Python中的 matplotlib(三)使用Pygal模拟掷骰子

Python可视化包Pygal可生成可缩放的矢量图形文件，可在不同尺寸的屏幕上自动缩放，方便观看。

首先安装pygal，ubuntu终端执行pip install pygal,这里实测conda install pygal 无法安装

创建一个骰子的类

from random import randint


class Die():
    '''表示一个骰子的类'''

    def __init__(self, num_sides=6):
        # 骰子默认6面
        self.num_sides = num_sides

    def roll(self):
        #返回一个位于1和骰子面数之间的值
        return randint(1, self.num_sides)

掷1000次骰子，分析各点数出现次数并绘制直方图

import pygal
from die import Die


#创建一个6面骰子
die = Die()
#掷几次骰子并将结果存储在列表中
results = []
for roll_num in range(1000):
    result =die.roll()
    results.append(result)

#print(results)
#分析结果：1000次中每个点数出现的次数
frequencies = []
for value in range(1, die.num_sides + 1):
    frequency = results.count(value)
    frequencies.append(frequency)
#print(frequencies)
'''创建直方图,对结果进行可视化'''
hist = pygal.Bar()#创建直方图实例
#属性设置
hist.title = "Results of rolling one D6 1000 times"
hist.x_labels = ['1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6']
hist.x_title = "Result"
hist.y_title = "Frequency of Result"

hist.add('D6', frequencies)#将标签及结果添加到图表中
hist.render_to_file('die_visual.svg')#将图表渲染成svg文件

Figure:

掷2个骰子，统计点数之和出现的次数

import pygal
from die import Die


#创建2个6面骰子
die_1 = Die()
die_2 = Die()
#掷几次骰子并将结果存储在列表中
results = []
for roll_num in range(1000):
    result =die_1.roll() + die_2.roll()
    results.append(result)

#print(results)
#分析结果：1000次中每个点数出现的次数
frequencies = []
max_result = die_1.num_sides + die_2.num_sides
for value in range(2, max_result + 1):
    frequency = results.count(value)
    frequencies.append(frequency)
#print(frequencies)
'''创建直方图,对结果进行可视化'''
hist = pygal.Bar()#创建直方图实例
#属性设置
hist.title = "Results of rolling two D6 1000 times"
hist.x_labels = ['2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', '10', '11', '12']
#or hist.x_labels = [str(x) for x in range(2, 13)]
hist.x_title = "Result"
hist.y_title = "Frequency of Result"

hist.add('D6 + D6', frequencies)#将标签及结果添加到图表中
hist.render_to_file('dice_visual.svg')

Figure:

同时掷2个面不同的骰子50000次，一个6面，一个10面，点数之和相加，观测 次数

import pygal
from die import Die


#创建1个6面骰子和1个10面骰子
die_1 = Die()
die_2 = Die(10)
#掷几次骰子并将结果存储在列表中
results = []
for roll_num in range(50000):
    result =die_1.roll() + die_2.roll()
    results.append(result)

#print(results)
#分析结果：50000次中每个点数出现的次数
frequencies = []
max_result = die_1.num_sides + die_2.num_sides
for value in range(2, max_result + 1):
    frequency = results.count(value)
    frequencies.append(frequency)
#print(frequencies)
'''创建直方图,对结果进行可视化'''
hist = pygal.Bar()#创建直方图实例
#属性设置
hist.title = "Results of rolling a D6 and D10 50000 times"
#hist.x_labels = ['2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', '10', '11', '12']
hist.x_labels = [str(x) for x in range(2, 17)]
hist.x_title = "Result"
hist.y_title = "Frequency of Result"

hist.add('D6 + D10', frequencies)#将标签及结果添加到图表中
hist.render_to_file('different_visual.svg')

Figure: