shell中数组的定义和操作

一、shell中数组的几种定义方式:

方法一:

 

[root@localhost ~]# array=(1 2 3)
[root@localhost ~]# echo ${array[*]}
1 2 3

  

方法二:

 

[root@localhost ~]# array=([1]=one [2]=two [3]=three)
[root@localhost ~]# echo ${array[*]}
one two three

 

  

方法三:

 

[root@localhost ~]# array[0]=a
[root@localhost ~]# array[1]=b
[root@localhost ~]# array[2]=c
[root@localhost ~]# echo ${array[1]}

 

  

方法四:动态定义数组变量,并使用命令的输出结果作为数组的内容

 

[root@localhost ~]# array=($(ls /home))
[root@localhost ~]# echo ${array[*]}
student

 

 

二、数组的打印和输出

1)打印数组元素(其中@和*的作用相同,均是打印出所有元素)

[root@localhost ~]# array=(one two three)
[root@localhost ~]# echo ${array[2]}
three
[root@localhost ~]# echo ${array[0]}
one
[root@localhost ~]# echo ${array[@]}
one two three
[root@localhost ~]# echo ${array[*]}
one two three

  

2)打印元素个数

[root@localhost ~]# echo ${#array[*]}
3
[root@localhost ~]# echo ${#array[@]}
3

  

3)数组的赋值
#如果下标不存在,则自动添加一个新的元素,如果存在,则覆盖原来的值

[root@localhost ~]# array[3]=four
[root@localhost ~]# echo ${array[*]}
one two three four
[root@localhost ~]# array[1]=hello
[root@localhost ~]# echo ${array[*]}
one hello three four

  

4)数组的删除

[root@localhost ~]# unset array[1]
[root@localhost ~]# echo ${array[*]}
one three four
[root@localhost ~]# unset array
[root@localhost ~]# echo ${array[*]}

  

5)数组内容截取和替换

[root@localhost ~]# array=(0 1 2 3 4)
[root@localhost ~]# echo ${array[@]:1:3}
1 2 3
[root@localhost ~]# array=($(echo {a..z}))
[root@localhost ~]# echo ${array[@]}
a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
[root@localhost ~]# echo ${array[@]:1:3}
b c d
[root@localhost ~]# array=(1 2 3 4 5)
[root@localhost ~]# echo ${array[@]/3/three}
1 2 three 4 5

  

6)输出所有元素,遍历

a.标准的for循环

for(( i=0;i<${#array[@]};i++)) do
#${#array[@]}获取数组长度用于循环
echo ${array[i]};
done;

  

b.for … in

遍历(不带数组下标):

for element in ${array[@]}
#也可以写成for element in ${array[*]}
do
echo $element
done

遍历(带数组下标):

for i in "${!arr[@]}";   
do   
    printf "%s\t%s\n" "$i" "${arr[$i]}"  
done 

  

c.While循环法:

i=0  
while [ $i -lt ${#array[@]} ]  
#当变量(下标)小于数组长度时进入循环体
do  
    echo ${ array[$i] }  
    #按下标打印数组元素
    let i++  
done 

  

 

posted @ 2020-05-06 15:25  sucre_tan  阅读(1044)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报