Nginx Rewrite 规则入门 --用于伪静态
文件及目录匹配:
-f 和 !-f 用来判断是否存在文件
-d 和 !-d 用来判断是否存在目录
-e 和 !-e 用来判断是否存在文件或目录
-x 和 !-x 用来判断文件是否可执行
flag标记有：
last 相当于Apache里的[L]标记，表示完成 rewrite
break 终止匹配, 不再匹配后面的规则
redirect 返回302临时重定向 地址栏会显示跳转后的地址
permanent 返回301永久重定向 地址栏会显示跳转后的地址
一些可用的全局变量有
$args
$content_length
$content_type
$document_root
$document_uri
$host
$http_user_agent
$http_cookie
$limit_rate
$request_body_file
$request_method
$remote_addr
$remote_port
$remote_user
$request_filename
$request_uri
$query_string
$scheme
$server_protocol
$server_addr
$server_name
$server_port
$uri
多目录转成参数:
abc.domian.com/sort/2 => abc.domian.com/index.php?act=sort&name=abc&id=2
1 if ($host ~* (.*)\.domain\.com) { 2 set $sub_name $1; 3 rewrite ^/sort\/(\d+)\/?$ /index.php?act=sort& 4 cid=$sub_name&id=$1 last;
目录对换
/123456/xxxx -> /xxxx?id=123456
1 rewrite ^/(\d+)/(.+)/ /$2?id=$1 last;
例如下面设定nginx在用户使用ie的使用重定向到/nginx-ie目录下：
1 if ($http_user_agent ~ MSIE) { 2 rewrite ^(.*)$ /nginx-ie/$1 break; 3 }
目录自动加“/”
1 if (-d $request_filename){ 2 rewrite ^/(.*)([^/])$ http://$host/$1$2/ permanent;
禁止htaccess
1 location ~/\.ht { 2 deny all; 3 }
禁止多个目录
1 location ~ ^/(cron|templates)/ { 2 deny all; 3 break; 4 }
禁止以/data开头的文件
可以禁止/data/下多级目录下.log.txt等请求;
1 location ~ ^/data { 2 deny all; 3 }
禁止单个目录
不能禁止.log.txt能请求
1 location /searchword/cron/ { 2 deny all; 3 }
禁止单个文件
1 location ~ /data/sql/data.sql { 2 deny all; 3 }
给favicon.ico和robots.txt设置过期时间;
这里为favicon.ico为99天,robots.txt为7天并不记录404错误日志
1 location ~(favicon.ico) { 2 log_not_found off; 3 expires 99d; 4 break; 5 } 6 location ~(robots.txt) { 7 log_not_found off; 8 expires 7d; 9 break; 10 }
设定某个文件的过期时间;这里为600秒，并不记录访问日志
1 location ^~ /html/scripts/loadhead_1.js { 2 access_log off; 3 root /opt/lampp/htdocs/web; 4 expires 600; 5 break; 6 }
文件反盗链并设置过期时间
这里的return 412 为自定义的http状态码，默认为403，方便找出正确的盗链的请求
“rewrite ^/ http://leech.c1gstudio.com/leech.gif;”显示一张防盗链图片
“access_log off;”不记录访问日志，减轻压力
“expires 3d”所有文件3天的浏览器缓存
1 location ~* ^.+\.(jpg|jpeg|gif|png|swf|rar|zip|css|js)$ { 2 valid_referers none blocked *.c1gstudio.com *.c1gstudio.net localhost 208.97.167.194; 3 if ($invalid_referer) { 4 rewrite ^/ http://leech.c1gstudio.com/leech.gif; 5 return 412; 6 break; 7 } 8 9 access_log off; 10 root /opt/lampp/htdocs/web; 11 12 expires 3d; 13 break; 14 }
只充许固定ip访问网站，并加上密码
1 root /opt/htdocs/www; 2 allow 208.97.167.194; 3 allow 222.33.1.2; 4 allow 231.152.49.4; 5 deny all; 6 auth_basic "C1G_ADMIN"; 7 auth_basic_user_file htpasswd;
将多级目录下的文件转成一个文件，增强seo效果
/job-123-456-789.html 指向/job/123/456/789.html
1 rewrite ^/job-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)\.html$ /job/$1/$2/jobshow_$3.html last;
将根目录下某个文件夹指向2级目录
如/shanghaijob/ 指向 /area/shanghai/
如果你将last改成permanent，那么浏览器地址栏显是/location/shanghai/
1 rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job/(.*)$ /area/$1/$2 last;
上面例子有个问题是访问/shanghai 时将不会匹配
1 rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job$ /area/$1/ last; 2 rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job/(.*)$ /area/$1/$2 last;
这样/shanghai 也可以访问了，但页面中的相对链接无法使用，
如./list_1.html真实地址是/area/shanghia/list_1.html会变成/list_1.html,导至无法访问。
那我加上自动跳转也是不行咯
(-d $request_filename)它有个条件是必需为真实目录，而我的rewrite不是的，所以没有效果
1 if (-d $request_filename){ 2 rewrite ^/(.*)([^/])$ http://$host/$1$2/ permanent; 3 }
知道原因后就好办了，让我手动跳转吧
1 rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job$ /$1job/ permanent; 2 rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job/(.*)$ /area/$1/$2 last;
文件和目录不存在的时候重定向：
1 if (!-e $request_filename) { 2 proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1; 3 }
域名跳转
1 server{ 2 listen 80; 3 server_name jump.c1gstudio.com; 4 index index.html index.htm index.php; 5 root /opt/lampp/htdocs/www; 6 rewrite ^/ http://www.c1gstudio.com/; 7 access_log off; 8 }
多域名转向
1 server_name www.c1gstudio.com www.c1gstudio.net; 2 index index.html index.htm index.php; 3 root /opt/lampp/htdocs; 4 if ($host ~ "c1gstudio\.net") { 5 rewrite ^(.*) http://www.c1gstudio.com$1 permanent; 6 }
三级域名跳转
1 if ($http_host ~* "^(.*)\.i\.c1gstudio\.com$") { 2 rewrite ^(.*) http://top.c1gstudio.com$1; 3 break; 4 }
域名镜向
1 server{ 2 listen 80; 3 server_name mirror.c1gstudio.com; 4 index index.html index.htm index.php; 5 root /opt/lampp/htdocs/www; 6 rewrite ^/(.*) http://www.c1gstudio.com/$1 last; 7 access_log off; 8 }
某个子目录作镜向
1 location ^~ /zhaopinhui { 2 rewrite ^.+ http://zph.c1gstudio.com/ last; 3 break; 4 }
discuz ucenter home (uchome) rewrite
1 rewrite ^/(space|network)-(.+)\.html$ /$1.php?rewrite=$2 last; 2 rewrite ^/(space|network)\.html$ /$1.php last; 3 rewrite ^/([0-9]+)$ /space.php?uid=$1 last;
discuz 7 rewrite
1 rewrite ^(.*)/archiver/((fid|tid)-[\w\-]+\.html)$ $1/archiver/index.php?$2 last; 2 rewrite ^(.*)/forum-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)\.html$ $1/forumdisplay.php?fid=$2&page=$3 last; 3 rewrite ^(.*)/thread-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)\.html$ $1/viewthread.php?tid=$2&extra=page\%3D$4&page=$3 last; 4 rewrite ^(.*)/profile-(username|uid)-(.+)\.html$ $1/viewpro.php?$2=$3 last; 5 rewrite ^(.*)/space-(username|uid)-(.+)\.html$ $1/space.php?$2=$3 last; 6 rewrite ^(.*)/tag-(.+)\.html$ $1/tag.php?name=$2 last;
给discuz某版块单独配置域名
1 server_name bbs.c1gstudio.com news.c1gstudio.com; 2 3 location = / { 4 if ($http_host ~ news\.c1gstudio.com$) { 5 rewrite ^.+ http://news.c1gstudio.com/forum-831-1.html last; 6 break; 7 } 8 }
discuz ucenter 头像 rewrite 优化
1 location ^~ /ucenter { 2 location ~ .*\.php?$ 3 { 4 #fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock; 5 fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; 6 fastcgi_index index.php; 7 include fcgi.conf; 8 } 9 10 location /ucenter/data/avatar { 11 log_not_found off; 12 access_log off; 13 location ~ /(.*)_big\.jpg$ { 14 error_page 404 /ucenter/images/noavatar_big.gif; 15 } 16 location ~ /(.*)_middle\.jpg$ { 17 error_page 404 /ucenter/images/noavatar_middle.gif; 18 } 19 location ~ /(.*)_small\.jpg$ { 20 error_page 404 /ucenter/images/noavatar_small.gif; 21 } 22 expires 300; 23 break; 24 } 25 }
jspace rewrite
1 location ~ .*\.php?${ 2 #fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock; 3 fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; 4 fastcgi_index index.php; 5 include fcgi.conf; 6 } 7 8 location ~* ^/index.php/{ 9 rewrite ^/index.php/(.*) /index.php?$1 break; 10 fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; 11 fastcgi_index index.php; 12 include fcgi.conf; 13 }
wordpress rewrite
1 location / { 2 index index.html index.php; 3 if (-f $request_filename/index.html){ 4 rewrite (.*) $1/index.html break; 5 } 6 if (-f $request_filename/index.php){ 7 rewrite (.*) $1/index.php; 8 } 9 if (!-e $request_filename){ 10 rewrite (.*) /index.php; 11 } 12 }
discuzx 1.5 rewrite
1 rewrite ^([^\.]*)/topic-(.+)\.html$ $1/portal.php?mod=topic&topic=$2 last; 2 rewrite ^([^\.]*)/article-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)\.html$ $1/portal.php?mod=view&aid=$2&page=$3 last; 3 rewrite ^([^\.]*)/forum-(\w+)-([0-9]+)\.html$ $1/forum.php?mod=forumdisplay&fid=$2&page=$3 last; 4 rewrite ^([^\.]*)/thread-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)\.html$ $1/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=$2&extra=page%3D$4&page=$3 last; 5 rewrite ^([^\.]*)/group-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)\.html$ $1/forum.php?mod=group&fid=$2&page=$3 last; 6 rewrite ^([^\.]*)/space-(username|uid)-(.+)\.html$ $1/home.php?mod=space&$2=$3 last; 7 rewrite ^([^\.]*)/([a-z]+)-(.+)\.html$ $1/$2.php?rewrite=$3 last; 8 if (!-e $request_filename) { 9 return 404; 10 }
动态参数rewrite
以discuz7.2到discuzx1.5为例
1 if ($query_string ~* tid=([0-9]+)) { 2 set $id $1; 3 rewrite "^(.*)/viewthread.php$" $1/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=$id&extra=page%3D&page=1 last; 4 } 5 if ($query_string ~* gid=([0-9]+)) { 6 set $id $1; 7 rewrite "^(.*)/index.php$" $1/forum.php?gid=$id last; 8 } 9 rewrite ^([^\.]*)/archiver/$ $1/forum.php?archiver=1 last;
nginx 嵌套if
nginx不支持if and和多层嵌套if,让我头痛很久,需要通过其它方法实现.
下面是把访问镜像网站cnc.c1gstudio.com的爬虫转到www站.
1 set $needrewrite ''; 2 if ($http_user_agent ~*(baiduspider|googlebot|soso|bing|sogou|yahoo|sohu-search|yodao|YoudaoBot|robozilla|msnbot|MJ12bot|NHN|Twiceler)) { 3 set $needrewrite 'o'; 4 } 5 if ($host ~ cnc\.c1gstudio\.com) { 6 set $needrewrite "${needrewrite}k"; 7 } 8 if ($needrewrite = ok) { 9 #return 403; 10 rewrite ^(.*) http://www.c1gstudio.com$1 permanent; 11 }
reload nginx后可以用curl来做测试
curl -I -A “soso” cnc.c1gstudio.com
