NHibernate开发入门
首先，我们了解一下ORM是什么？
ORM指对象关系映射（英语：Object Relational Mapping，简称ORM，或O/RM，或O/R mapping），是一种程序技术，用于实现面向对象编程语言里不同类型系统的数据之间的转换。从效果上说，它其实是创建了一个可在编程语言里使用的“虚拟对象数据库”。
其次，我们需要了解.NET领域ORM框架有哪些？
在.NET平台下，关于数据持久层框架非常多，以下是主要的5种：
1．NHibernate
2．NBear
3．Castle ActiveRecord
4．iBATIS.NET
5．DAAB 微软
使用过Java的朋友都不会对Hibernate陌生。由于之前的Java经历，所以我直接选择NHibernate作为ORM框架首选。那么NHibernate是什么？
NHibernate是一个面向.NET环境的对象/关系数据库映射工具。对象/关系数据库映射（object/relational mapping，ORM）这个术语表示一种技术，用来把对象模型表示的对象映射到基于SQL的关系模型数据结构中去。
下面，我们做一个简单的NHibernate Demo。创建项目WinForm窗体项目，命名为CRMdemo，以下是解决方案截图：
解决方案项目截图
获取NHibernate
NHibernate下载地址
https://sourceforge.net/projects/nhibernate/files/NHibernate/4.0.3.GA/NHibernate-4.0.3.GA-bin.zip/download
NHibernate项目地址
https://sourceforge.net/projects/nhibernate/
为了方便，下载后将NHibernate-4.0.3.GA-bin.zip解压缩至解决方案根目录下
添加NHibernate Dll引用
添加引用
NHibernate-4.0.3.GA-bin\Required_Bins\NHibernate.dll
NHibernate-4.0.3.GA-bin\Required_Bins\Iesi.Collections.dll
NHibernate-4.0.3.GA-bin\Tests\log4net.dll
NHibernate-4.0.3.GA-bin\Tests\NHibernate.DomainModel.dll
NHibernate-4.0.3.GA-bin\Tests\nunit.framework.dll
配置hibernate.cfg.xml
复制NHibernate-4.0.3.GA-bin\Configuration_Templates\MSSQL.cfg.xml至bin\Debug下，重命名为hibernate.cfg.xml，并做如下配置
| C# Code | |
| 1. | <!-- This is the System.Data.dll provider for SQL Server --> |
| 2. | <hibernate-configuration xmlns="urn:nhibernate-configuration-2.2" > |
| 3. | <session-factory name="CRMDemo.Hibernate"> |
| 4. | <property name="connection.driver_class">NHibernate.Driver.SqlClientDriver</property> |
| 5. | <property name="connection.connection_string"> |
| 6. | Server=Your-PC\SQLEXPRESS;initial catalog=crm;Integrated Security=SSPI |
| 7. | </property> |
| 8. | <property name="dialect">NHibernate.Dialect.MsSql2008Dialect</property> |
| 9. | <mapping assembly="CRMDemo"/> |
| 10. | </session-factory> |
| 11. | </hibernate-configuration> |
在MSSQL中创建一张演示表employee
创建员工表employee
| C# Code | |
| 1. | CREATE TABLE [dbo].[employee]( |
| 2. | [id] [int] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL, |
| 3. | [name] [nvarchar](50) NULL, |
| 4. | [age] [nchar](10) NULL, |
| 5. | [gender] [nchar](10) NULL, |
| 6. | [email] [nvarchar](100) NULL, |
| 7. | [phonenum] [nvarchar](50) NULL, |
| 8. | CONSTRAINT [PK_employee] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED |
| 9. | ( |
| 10. | [id] ASC |
| 11. | )WITH (PAD_INDEX = OFF, STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE = OFF, IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF, ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS = ON, ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS = ON) ON [PRIMARY] |
| 12. | ) ON [PRIMARY] |
创建Employee.cs类
| C# Code | |
| 1. | public class Employee |
| 2. | { |
| 3. | public int id { get; set; } |
| 4. | public string name { get; set; } |
| 5. | public int age { get; set; } |
| 6. | public string gender { get; set; } |
| 7. | public string email { get; set; } |
| 8. | public string phonenum { get; set; } |
| 9. | } |
创建映射文件Employee.hbm.xml，其中字段名称必须和类属性名称一致，区分大小写。
| C# Code | |
| 1. | <?xml version="1.0" ?> |
| 2. | <!-- |
| 3. | * By huiyaosoft.com |
| 4. | * build date 2015-4-12 10:10 |
| 5. | --> |
| 6. | <hibernate-mapping xmlns="urn:nhibernate-mapping-2.2" default-lazy="false"> |
| 7. | <class |
| 8. | name="CRMDemo.Employee, CRMDemo" |
| 9. | discriminator-value="0" table="employee" |
| 10. | > |
| 11. | <id |
| 12. | name="id" type="int" |
| 13. | unsaved-value="null" |
| 14. | > |
| 15. | <column name="id" length="4" sql-type="4" not-null="true" unique="true" |
| 16. | index="PK_employee"/> |
| 17. | <generator class="native" /> |
| 18. | <!-- unsaved-value used to be null and generator was increment in h2.0.3 --> |
| 19. | </id> |
| 20. | |
| 21. | <property name="name" type="String"> |
| 22. | <column name="name" length="50" sql-type="nvarchar" not-null="false"/> |
| 23. | </property> |
| 24. | <property name="email" type="String"> |
| 25. | <column name="email" length="50" sql-type="nvarchar" not-null="false"/> |
| 26. | </property> |
| 27. | <property name="gender" type="String"> |
| 28. | <column name="gender" length="10" sql-type="nchar" not-null="false"/> |
| 29. | </property> |
| 30. | <property name="phonenum" type="String"> |
| 31. | <column name="phonenum" length="50" sql-type="nvarchar" not-null="false"/> |
| 32. | </property> |
| 33. | <property name="age" type="int"> |
| 34. | <column name="age" length="4" sql-type="int" not-null="false"/> |
| 35. | </property> |
| 36. | </class> |
| 37. | </hibernate-mapping> |
设置Employee.hbm.xml为嵌入的资源
增删改查代码
添加命名空间
| C# Code | |
| 1. | using NHibernate; |
| 2. | using NHibernate.Cfg; |
查询操作，CreateQuery或CreateSqlQuery
| C# Code | |
| 1. | Configuration cfg = new Configuration(); |
| 2. | cfg.Configure(); |
| 3. | ISessionFactory factory = cfg.BuildSessionFactory(); |
| 4. | ISession session = factory.OpenSession(); |
| 5. | IQuery query = session.CreateQuery("from Employee"); |
| 6. | IList<Employee> eList = query.List<Employee>(); |
| 7. | foreach (Employee item in eList) |
| 8. | { |
| 9. | this.textBox1.AppendText(string.Format("id:{0},name:{1},email:{2}\r\n", item.id, item.name, item.email)); |
| 10. | } |
| 11. | //ISQLQuery query = session.CreateSQLQuery("select * from employee").AddEntity(typeof(Employee)); |
| 12. | //IList<Employee> eList = query.List<Employee>(); |
| 13. | //foreach (Employee item in eList) |
| 14. | //{ |
| 15. | // Console.WriteLine("id:{0},name:{1},email:{2}\r\n", item.id, item.name, item.email); |
| 16. | //} |
| 17. | session.Close(); |
| 18. | factory.Close(); |
增加操作session.Save(Entity)
| C# Code | |
| 1. | Configuration cfg = new Configuration(); |
| 2. | cfg.Configure(); |
| 3. | ISessionFactory factory = cfg.BuildSessionFactory(); |
| 4. | ISession session = factory.OpenSession(); |
| 5. | ITransaction trans = session.BeginTransaction(); |
| 6. | Employee ee = new Employee(); |
| 7. | ee.age = 31; |
| 8. | ee.name = "李四"; |
| 9. | ee.email = "zhang@163.com"; |
| 10. | ee.phonenum = "1358111111"; |
| 11. | ee.gender = "男"; |
| 12. | session.Save(ee); |
| 13. | trans.Commit(); |
| 14. | session.Close(); |
| 15. | factory.Close(); |
| 16. | this.textBox1.AppendText("已增加一条记录\r\n"); |
修改操作session.Save(Entity)
| C# Code | |
| 1. | Configuration cfg = new Configuration(); |
| 2. | cfg.Configure(); |
| 3. | ISessionFactory factory = cfg.BuildSessionFactory(); |
| 4. | ISession session = factory.OpenSession(); |
| 5. | ITransaction trans = session.BeginTransaction(); |
| 6. | IQuery query = session.CreateQuery("from Employee where id = :id").SetString("id","1"); |
| 7. | IList<Employee> eList = query.List<Employee>(); |
| 8. | foreach (Employee item in eList) |
| 9. | { |
| 10. | this.textBox1.AppendText("查询到一条记录\r\n"); |
| 11. | this.textBox1.AppendText(string.Format("id:{0},name:{1},email:{2}\r\n", item.id, item.name, item.email)); |
| 12. | item.email = DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"); |
| 13. | session.Save(item); |
| 14. | } |
| 15. | trans.Commit(); |
| 16. | query = session.CreateQuery("from Employee where id = :id").SetString("id", "1"); |
| 17. | eList = query.List<Employee>(); |
| 18. | foreach (Employee item in eList) |
| 19. | { |
| 20. | this.textBox1.AppendText("修改后记录\r\n"); |
| 21. | this.textBox1.AppendText(string.Format("id:{0},name:{1},email:{2}\r\n", item.id, item.name, item.email)); |
| 22. | } |
| 23. | session.Close(); |
| 24. | factory.Close(); |
删除操作session.Delete(Entity)
| C# Code | |
| 1. | Configuration cfg = new Configuration(); |
| 2. | cfg.Configure(); |
| 3. | ISessionFactory factory = cfg.BuildSessionFactory(); |
| 4. | ISession session = factory.OpenSession(); |
| 5. | ITransaction trans = session.BeginTransaction(); |
| 6. | IQuery query = session.CreateQuery("from Employee where name = :name").SetString("name", "李四"); |
| 7. | IList<Employee> eList = query.List<Employee>(); |
| 8. | foreach (Employee item in eList) |
| 9. | { |
| 10. | this.textBox1.AppendText("查询记录\r\n"); |
| 11. | this.textBox1.AppendText(string.Format("id:{0},name:{1},email:{2}\r\n", item.id, item.name, item.email)); |
| 12. | session.Delete(item); |
| 13. | } |
| 14. | trans.Commit(); |
| 15. | query = session.CreateQuery("from Employee where name = :name").SetString("name", "李四"); |
| 16. | eList = query.List<Employee>(); |
| 17. | foreach (Employee item in eList) |
| 18. | { |
| 19. | this.textBox1.AppendText("删除后记录\r\n"); |
| 20. | } |
| 21. | session.Close(); |
| 22. | factory.Close(); |
参考文献
http://www.cnblogs.com/stone_w/archive/2011/09/15/2177830.html
本项目演示例子点击下载
