c#中自带的队列
使用C#自带的队列，一般会把进行队列监听的代码放于Global.asax之类的文件或寄宿windows服务之中，与应用服务器在同一台，会抢占服务器资源。后面会介绍使用其他分布式队列。
来一个简单的示例：
队列帮助类
namespace queue
{
public sealed class QueueHelper
{
private static QueueHelper queue;
Queue<People> queueobj = new Queue<People>();
public static QueueHelper instance
{
get
{
if (queue==null)
{
queue = new QueueHelper();
}
return queue;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 向队列中添加数据
/// </summary>
/// <param name="Id"></param>
/// <param name="title"></param>
/// <param name="content"></param>
public void AddQueue(int id,int age, string name)
{
queueobj.Enqueue(new People()
{
ID=id,
Age = age,
Name=name
});
}
/// <summary>
/// 当前队列数据量
/// </summary>
/// <returns></returns>
public int Count()
{
return queueobj.Count();
}
//启动一个线程去监听队列
public void StartQueue()
{
Task t = Task.Run(() => {
ScanQueue();
});
}
private void ScanQueue()
{
while (true)
{
if (queueobj.Count > 0)
{
try
{
//从队列中取出
People queueinfo = queueobj.Dequeue();
Console.WriteLine($"取得队列：ID={queueinfo.ID},name={queueinfo.Name},age={queueinfo.Age}");
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
throw;
}
}
else
{
Console.WriteLine("没有数据，先休眠5秒在扫描");
Thread.Sleep(5000);
}
}
}
}
}
Main方法
static void Main(string[] args)
{
Console.WriteLine("当前队列数："+ QueueHelper.instance.Count());
Console.WriteLine("开启线程扫描");
QueueHelper.instance.StartQueue();
Thread.Sleep(10000);
QueueHelper.instance.AddQueue(1,25,"小王");
QueueHelper.instance.AddQueue(2, 28, "小明");
QueueHelper.instance.AddQueue(3, 99, "大爷");
Console.ReadLine();
}
运行结果
redis队列
对可靠性和稳定性要求不高的应用场景，可以使用redis简单方便的实现
关于redis队列的实现方式有两种：
1、生产者消费者模式（List）。
2、发布者订阅者模式（pub/sub）。
驱动：StackExchange.Redis
以下为第一种方式示例
RedisHelper帮助类
public class RedisHelper
{
// redis实例
private static RedisHelper instance = null;
private IDatabase db;
private ConnectionMultiplexer redis;
private IServer redisServer;
private readonly string _enqueueName = "PersonObj";
/// <summary>
/// 静态单例方法
/// </summary>
/// <returns></returns>
public static RedisHelper Get()
{
if (instance == null)
{
instance = new RedisHelper();
}
return instance;
}
/// <summary>
/// 无参数构造函数
/// </summary>
private RedisHelper()
{
var redisConnection = "127.0.0.1:6379";
redis = ConnectionMultiplexer.Connect(redisConnection);
redisServer = redis.GetServer(redisConnection);
db = redis.GetDatabase();
}
/// <summary>
/// 入队
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>
/// <param name="enqueueName">队列名称</param>
/// <param name="value"></param>
public void EnqueueItem<T>( T value)
{
//序列化
var valueString = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(value);
db.ListLeftPushAsync(_enqueueName, valueString);
}
/// <summary>
/// 出队
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>
/// <param name="enqueueName">队列名称</param>
/// <returns></returns>
public T DequeueItem<T>()
{
var valueString = db.ListRightPopAsync(_enqueueName).Result;
//反序列化
T obj = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<T>(valueString);
return obj;
}
/// <summary>
/// 当前队列数据量
/// </summary>
/// <param name="enqueueName"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public long Count()
{
return db.ListLengthAsync(_enqueueName).Result;
}
//启动一个线程去监听队列
public void StartQueue()
{
Task t = Task.Run(() => {
ScanQueue();
});
}
private void ScanQueue()
{
while (true)
{
if (this.Count() > 0)
{
try
{
//从队列中取出
Person queueinfo = DequeueItem<Person>();
Console.WriteLine($"取得队列:name={queueinfo.Name},age={queueinfo.Age}");
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
throw;
}
}
else
{
Console.WriteLine("没有数据，先休眠5秒在扫描");
Thread.Sleep(5000);
}
}
}
}
Main方法：
static void Main(string[] args)
{
Console.WriteLine($"当前队列数{RedisHelper.Get().Count()}");
Console.WriteLine("开启线程扫描");
RedisHelper.Get().StartQueue();
Thread.Sleep(10000);
RedisHelper.Get().EnqueueItem<Person>(new Person { Name="小王",Age=20});
RedisHelper.Get().EnqueueItem<Person>(new Person { Name = "小明", Age = 20 });
Console.WriteLine($"当前队列数{RedisHelper.Get().Count()}");
Console.ReadLine();
}
运行结果
RabbitMQ
RabbitMQ是一个开源的AMQP实现，服务器端用Erlang语言编写，支持多种客户端，如：Python、Ruby、.NET、Java等，且支持AJAX。用于在分布式系统中存储转发消息，具体特点包括易用性、扩展性、高可用性、消息集群等
关于RabbitMQ的教程可以参考：https://www.cnblogs.com/julyluo/p/6262553.html
安装教程可以参考：https://www.cnblogs.com/ericli-ericli/p/5902270.html
RabbitMq默认的监听端口是15672
public class RabbitmqHelper
{
private static RabbitmqHelper instance;
private readonly ConnectionFactory rabbitMqFactory;
//交换器名称
const string ExchangeName = "myExchange";
//当前消息队列名称
const string QueueName = "myFirstQueue";
public RabbitmqHelper()
{
//没有设置账号密码端口或服务端没有先开启权限会报：None of the specified endpoints were reachable
rabbitMqFactory = new ConnectionFactory { HostName = "192.168.0.112" };
rabbitMqFactory.Port = 5672;
rabbitMqFactory.UserName = "123456";
rabbitMqFactory.Password = "123456";
}
/// <summary>
/// 静态单例方法
/// </summary>
/// <returns></returns>
public static RabbitmqHelper Get()
{
if (instance == null)
{
instance = new RabbitmqHelper();
}
return instance;
}
/// <summary>
/// 生产者-发布消息
/// </summary>
/// <param name="msg">消息</param>
public void Enqueue(string msg)
{
using (IConnection conn = rabbitMqFactory.CreateConnection())
{
using (IModel channel = conn.CreateModel())
{
//定义交换器
channel.ExchangeDeclare(ExchangeName, "direct", durable: true, autoDelete: false, arguments: null);
//持久化一个队列，如果名称相同不会重复创建
channel.QueueDeclare(QueueName, true, false, false, null);
//定义exchange到queue的binding
channel.QueueBind(QueueName, ExchangeName, routingKey: QueueName);
byte[] bytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(msg);
//设置消息持久化
IBasicProperties properties = channel.CreateBasicProperties();
properties.Persistent = true;
channel.BasicPublish("", QueueName, properties, bytes);
}
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 消费者-接收消息-基于订阅模式
/// </summary>
/// <param name="msg">消息</param>
public void Dequeue()
{
IConnection conn = rabbitMqFactory.CreateConnection();
IModel channel = conn.CreateModel();
//持久化一个队列，如果名称相同不会重复创建
channel.QueueDeclare(QueueName, durable: true, autoDelete: false, exclusive: false, arguments: null);
//告诉broker同一时间只处理一个消息
channel.BasicQos(prefetchSize: 0, prefetchCount: 1, global: false);
//因处理性能问题，已被官方弃用
//var consumer2 = new QueueingBasicConsumer(channel)
//var msgResponse = consumer.Queue.Dequeue();
var consumer = new EventingBasicConsumer(channel);
consumer.Received += (model, ea) =>
{
try
{
var msgBody = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(ea.Body);
Console.WriteLine($"收到消息：{msgBody}");
//处理完成，服务端可以删除消息了同时分配新的消息
channel.BasicAck(deliveryTag: ea.DeliveryTag, multiple: false);
}
catch (Exception e)
{
Console.WriteLine($"出现错误：{e.Message}");
}
};
//noAck设置false,发送消息之后，消息不要主动删除，先等消费者处理完
channel.BasicConsume(QueueName, false, consumer);
}
/// <summary>
/// 消费者-接收消息-主动拉取
/// </summary>
/// <param name="msg">消息</param>
public void Dequeue2()
{
using (IConnection conn = rabbitMqFactory.CreateConnection())
{
using (IModel channel = conn.CreateModel())
{
while (true)
{
BasicGetResult res = channel.BasicGet(QueueName, false/*noAck*/);
if (res != null)
{
var msg = System.Text.UTF8Encoding.UTF8.GetString(res.Body);
Console.WriteLine($"获取到消息：{msg}");
channel.BasicAck(res.DeliveryTag, false);
}
}
}
}
}
}
