shell练习题经典30个

30个关于Shell脚本的经典案例(上)

先了解下编写Shell过程中注意事项:

 开头加解释器:#!/bin/bash
 语法缩进,使用四个空格;多加注释说明。
 命名建议规则:变量名大写、局部变量小写,函数名小写,名字体现出实际作用。
 默认变量是全局的,在函数中变量local指定为局部变量,避免污染其他作用域。
 有两个命令能帮助我调试脚本:set -e 遇到执行非0时退出脚本,set-x 打印执行过程。
 写脚本一定先测试再到生产上。

1、获取随机字符串或数字

 获取随机8位字符串:
 方法1:
 # echo $RANDOM |md5sum |cut -c 1-8
 471b94f2
方法2:
# openssl rand -base64 4
 vg3BEg==
 方法3:
 # cat /proc/sys/kernel/random/uuid |cut -c 1-8
 ed9e032c
 获取随机8位数字:
 方法1:
 # echo $RANDOM |cksum |cut -c 1-8
 23648321
方法2:
 # openssl rand -base64 4 |cksum |cut -c 1-8
 38571131

 方法3:
 # date +%N |cut -c 1-8
 69024815
 cksum:打印CRC效验和统计字节

2、定义一个颜色输出字符串函数

 方法1:
 function echo_color() {
     if [ $1 == "green" ]; then
         echo -e "\033[32;40m$2\033[0m"
     elif [ $1 == "red" ]; then
         echo -e "\033[31;40m$2\033[0m"
     fi
 }
方法2:
 function echo_color() {
     case $1 in
         green)
             echo -e "[32;40m$2[0m"
             ;;
         red)
             echo -e "[31;40m$2[0m" 
             ;;
         *) 
             echo "Example: echo_color red string"
     esac
 }
 使用方法:echo_color green "test"
 function关键字定义一个函数,可加或不加。

3、批量创建用户

 #!/bin/bash
 DATE=$(date +%F_%T)
 USER_FILE=user.txt
 echo_color(){
     if [ $1 == "green" ]; then
         echo -e "[32;40m$2[0m"
     elif [ $1 == "red" ]; then
         echo -e "[31;40m$2[0m"
     fi
 }
 # 如果用户文件存在并且大小大于0就备份
 if [ -s $USER_FILE ]; then
     mv $USER_FILE ${USER_FILE}-${DATE}.bak
     echo_color green "$USER_FILE exist, rename ${USER_FILE}-${DATE}.bak"
 fi
 echo -e "User   Password" >> $USER_FILE
 echo "----------------" >> $USER_FILE
 for USER in user{1..10}; do
     if ! id $USER &>/dev/null; then
         PASS=$(echo $RANDOM |md5sum |cut -c 1-8)
         useradd $USER
         echo $PASS |passwd --stdin $USER &>/dev/null
         echo -e "$USER  $PASS" >> $USER_FILE
         echo "$USER User create successful."
     else
         echo_color red "$USER User already exists!"
     fi
 done

4、检查软件包是否安装

 #!/bin/bash
 if rpm -q sysstat &>/dev/null; then
     echo "sysstat is already installed."
 else
     echo "sysstat is not installed!"
 fi

5、检查服务状态

 #!/bin/bash
 PORT_C=$(ss -anu |grep -c 123)
 PS_C=$(ps -ef |grep ntpd |grep -vc grep)
 if [ $PORT_C -eq 0 -o $PS_C -eq 0 ]; then
     echo "内容" | mail -s "主题" dst@example.com
 fi

6、检查主机存活状态

 方法1:将错误IP放到数组里面判断是否ping失败三次
 #!/bin/bash  
 IP_LIST="192.168.18.1 192.168.1.1 192.168.18.2"
 for IP in $IP_LIST; do
     NUM=1
     while [ $NUM -le 3 ]; do
         if ping -c 1 $IP > /dev/null; then
             echo "$IP Ping is successful."
             break
         else
             # echo "$IP Ping is failure $NUM"
             FAIL_COUNT[$NUM]=$IP
             let NUM++
         fi
     done
     if [ ${#FAIL_COUNT[*]} -eq 3 ];then
         echo "${FAIL_COUNT[1]} Ping is failure!"
         unset FAIL_COUNT[*]
     fi
 done
方法2:将错误次数放到FAIL_COUNT变量里面判断是否ping失败三次
 #!/bin/bash  
 IP_LIST="192.168.18.1 192.168.1.1 192.168.18.2"
 for IP in $IP_LIST; do
     FAIL_COUNT=0
     for ((i=1;i< =3;i++)); do
         if ping -c 1 $IP >/dev/null; then
             echo "$IP Ping is successful."
             break
         else
             # echo "$IP Ping is failure $i"
             let FAIL_COUNT++
         fi
     done
     if [ $FAIL_COUNT -eq 3 ]; then
         echo "$IP Ping is failure!"
     fi
 done

 方法3:利用for循环将ping通就跳出循环继续,如果不跳出就会走到打印ping失败
 #!/bin/bash
 ping_success_status() {
     if ping -c 1 $IP >/dev/null; then
         echo "$IP Ping is successful."
         continue
     fi
 }
 IP_LIST="192.168.18.1 192.168.1.1 192.168.18.2"
 for IP in $IP_LIST; do
     ping_success_status
     ping_success_status
     ping_success_status
     echo "$IP Ping is failure!"
 done

7、监控CPU、内存和硬盘利用率

 1)CPU
 借助vmstat工具来分析CPU统计信息。
 #!/bin/bash
 DATE=$(date +%F" "%H:%M)
 IP=$(ifconfig eth0 |awk -F  [ :]+   /inet addr/{print $4} )  # 只支持CentOS6
 MAIL="example@mail.com"
 if ! which vmstat &>/dev/null; then
     echo "vmstat command no found, Please install procps package." 
     exit 1
 fi
 US=$(vmstat |awk  NR==3{print $13} )
 SY=$(vmstat |awk  NR==3{print $14} )
 IDLE=$(vmstat |awk  NR==3{print $15} )
 WAIT=$(vmstat |awk  NR==3{print $16} )
 USE=$(($US+$SY))
 if [ $USE -ge 50 ]; then
     echo "
     Date: $DATE
     Host: $IP
     Problem: CPU utilization $USE
     " | mail -s "CPU Monitor" $MAIL
 fi
2)内存
 #!/bin/bash
 DATE=$(date +%F" "%H:%M)
 IP=$(ifconfig eth0 |awk -F  [ :]+   /inet addr/{print $4} )  
 MAIL="example@mail.com"
 TOTAL=$(free -m |awk  /Mem/{print $2} )
 USE=$(free -m |awk  /Mem/{print $3-$6-$7} )
 FREE=$(($TOTAL-$USE))
 # 内存小于1G发送报警邮件
 if [ $FREE -lt 1024 ]; then
     echo "
     Date: $DATE
     Host: $IP
     Problem: Total=$TOTAL,Use=$USE,Free=$FREE
     " | mail -s "Memory Monitor" $MAIL
 fi
3)硬盘
 #!/bin/bash
 DATE=$(date +%F" "%H:%M)
 IP=$(ifconfig eth0 |awk -F  [ :]+   /inet addr/{print $4} )  
 MAIL="example@mail.com"
 TOTAL=$(fdisk -l |awk -F [: ]+   BEGIN{OFS="="}/^Disk /dev/{printf "%s=%sG,",$2,$3} )
 PART_USE=$(df -h |awk  BEGIN{OFS="="}/^/dev/{print $1,int($5),$6} )
 for i in $PART_USE; do
     PART=$(echo $i |cut -d"=" -f1)
     USE=$(echo $i |cut -d"=" -f2)
     MOUNT=$(echo $i |cut -d"=" -f3)
     if [ $USE -gt 80 ]; then
         echo "
         Date: $DATE
         Host: $IP
         Total: $TOTAL
         Problem: $PART=$USE($MOUNT)
         " | mail -s "Disk Monitor" $MAIL
     fi
 done

8、批量主机磁盘利用率监控

 前提监控端和被监控端SSH免交互登录或者密钥登录。
 写一个配置文件保存被监控主机SSH连接信息,文件内容格式:IP User Port
 #!/bin/bash
 HOST_INFO=host.info
 for IP in $(awk  /^[^#]/{print $1}  $HOST_INFO); do
     USER=$(awk -v ip=$IP  ip==$1{print $2}  $HOST_INFO)
     PORT=$(awk -v ip=$IP  ip==$1{print $3}  $HOST_INFO)
     TMP_FILE=/tmp/disk.tmp
     ssh -p $PORT $USER@$IP  df -h  > $TMP_FILE
     USE_RATE_LIST=$(awk  BEGIN{OFS="="}/^/dev/{print $1,int($5)}  $TMP_FILE)
     for USE_RATE in $USE_RATE_LIST; do
         PART_NAME=${USE_RATE%=*}
         USE_RATE=${USE_RATE#*=}
         if [ $USE_RATE -ge 80 ]; then
             echo "Warning: $PART_NAME Partition usage $USE_RATE%!"
         fi
     done
 done

9、检查网站可用性

 1)检查URL可用性
 方法1:
 check_url() {
     HTTP_CODE=$(curl -o /dev/null --connect-timeout 3 -s -w "%{http_code}" $1)
     if [ $HTTP_CODE -ne 200 ]; then
         echo "Warning: $1 Access failure!"
     fi
 }
方法2:
 check_url() {
 if ! wget -T 10 --tries=1 --spider $1 >/dev/null 2>&1; then  
 #-T超时时间,--tries尝试1次,--spider爬虫模式
         echo "Warning: $1 Access failure!"
     fi
 }
 使用方法:check_url www.baidu.com
2)判断三次URL可用性
 思路与上面检查主机存活状态一样。
 方法1:利用循环技巧,如果成功就跳出当前循环,否则执行到最后一行
 #!/bin/bash  
 check_url() {
     HTTP_CODE=$(curl -o /dev/null --connect-timeout 3 -s -w "%{http_code}" $1)
     if [ $HTTP_CODE -eq 200 ]; then
         continue
     fi
 }
 URL_LIST="www.baidu.com www.agasgf.com"
 for URL in $URL_LIST; do
     check_url $URL
     check_url $URL
     check_url $URL
     echo "Warning: $URL Access failure!"
 done
方法2:错误次数保存到变量
 #!/bin/bash  
 URL_LIST="www.baidu.com www.agasgf.com"
 for URL in $URL_LIST; do
     FAIL_COUNT=0
     for ((i=1;i< =3;i++)); do
         HTTP_CODE=$(curl -o /dev/null --connect-timeout 3 -s -w "%{http_code}" $URL)
         if [ $HTTP_CODE -ne 200 ]; then
             let FAIL_COUNT++
         else
             break
         fi
     done
     if [ $FAIL_COUNT -eq 3 ]; then
         echo "Warning: $URL Access failure!"
     fi
 done
方法3:错误次数保存到数组
 #!/bin/bash  
 URL_LIST="www.baidu.com www.agasgf.com"
 for URL in $URL_LIST; do
     NUM=1
     while [ $NUM -le 3 ]; do
         HTTP_CODE=$(curl -o /dev/null --connect-timeout 3 -s -w "%{http_code}" $URL)
         if [ $HTTP_CODE -ne 200 ]; then
             FAIL_COUNT[$NUM]=$IP  #创建数组,以$NUM下标,$IP元素
             let NUM++
         else
             break
         fi
     done
     if [ ${#FAIL_COUNT[*]} -eq 3 ]; then
         echo "Warning: $URL Access failure!"
         unset FAIL_COUNT[*]    #清空数组
     fi
 done

10、检查MySQL主从同步状态

 #!/bin/bash  
 USER=bak
 PASSWD=123456
 IO_SQL_STATUS=$(mysql -u$USER -p$PASSWD -e  show slave statusG  |awk -F:  /Slave_.*_Running/{gsub(": ",":");print $0} )  #gsub去除冒号后面的空格
 for i in $IO_SQL_STATUS; do
     THREAD_STATUS_NAME=${i%:*}
     THREAD_STATUS=${i#*:}
     if [ "$THREAD_STATUS" != "Yes" ]; then
         echo "Error: MySQL Master-Slave $THREAD_STATUS_NAME status is $THREAD_STATUS!"
     fi
 done         
                                                                                                                    

11、iptables自动屏蔽访问网站频繁的IP

 场景:恶意访问,安全防范
 1)屏蔽每分钟访问超过200的IP
 方法1:根据访问日志(Nginx为例)
 #!/bin/bash
 DATE=$(date +%d/%b/%Y:%H:%M)
 ABNORMAL_IP=$(tail -n5000 access.log |grep $DATE |awk '{a[$1]++}END{for(i in a)if(a[i]>100)print i}')
 #先tail防止文件过大,读取慢,数字可调整每分钟最大的访问量。awk不能直接过滤日志,因为包含特殊字符。
 for IP in $ABNORMAL_IP; do
     if [ $(iptables -vnL |grep -c "$IP") -eq 0 ]; then
         iptables -I INPUT -s $IP -j DROP
     fi
 done

 方法2:通过TCP建立的连接
 #!/bin/bash
 ABNORMAL_IP=$(netstat -an |awk '$4~/:80$/ && $6~/ESTABLISHED/{gsub(/:[0-9]+/,"",$5);{a[$5]++}}END{for(i in a)if(a[i]>100)print i}')
 #gsub是将第五列(客户端IP)的冒号和端口去掉
 for IP in $ABNORMAL_IP; do
     if [ $(iptables -vnL |grep -c "$IP") -eq 0 ]; then
         iptables -I INPUT -s $IP -j DROP
     fi
 done
2)屏蔽每分钟SSH尝试登录超过10次的IP
 方法1:通过lastb获取登录状态:
 #!/bin/bash
 DATE=$(date +"%a %b %e %H:%M") #星期月天时分  %e单数字时显示7,而%d显示07
 ABNORMAL_IP=$(lastb |grep "$DATE" |awk '{a[$3]++}END{for(i in a)if(a[i]>10)print i}')
 for IP in $ABNORMAL_IP; do
     if [ $(iptables -vnL |grep -c "$IP") -eq 0 ]; then
         iptables -I INPUT -s $IP -j DROP
     fi
 done
方法2:通过日志获取登录状态
 #!/bin/bash
 DATE=$(date +"%b %d %H")
 ABNORMAL_IP="$(tail -n10000 /var/log/auth.log |grep "$DATE" |awk '/Failed/{a[$(NF-3)]++}END{for(i in a)if(a[i]>5)print i}')"
 for IP in $ABNORMAL_IP; do
     if [ $(iptables -vnL |grep -c "$IP") -eq 0 ]; then
         iptables -A INPUT -s $IP -j DROP
         echo "$(date +"%F %T") - iptables -A INPUT -s $IP -j DROP" >>~/ssh-login-limit.log
     fi
 done

12、判断用户输入的是否为IP地址

 方法1:
 #!/bin/bash
 function check_ip(){
     IP=$1
     VALID_CHECK=$(echo $IP|awk -F. '$1< =255&&$2<=255&&$3<=255&&$4<=255{print "yes"}')
     if echo $IP|grep -E "^[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}$">/dev/null; then
         if [ $VALID_CHECK == "yes" ]; then
             echo "$IP available."
         else
             echo "$IP not available!"
         fi
     else
         echo "Format error!"
     fi
 }
 check_ip 192.168.1.1
 check_ip 256.1.1.1
方法2:
 #!/bin/bash
 function check_ip(){
     IP=$1
     if [[ $IP =~ ^[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}$ ]]; then
         FIELD1=$(echo $IP|cut -d. -f1)
         FIELD2=$(echo $IP|cut -d. -f2)
         FIELD3=$(echo $IP|cut -d. -f3)
         FIELD4=$(echo $IP|cut -d. -f4)
         if [ $FIELD1 -le 255 -a $FIELD2 -le 255 -a $FIELD3 -le 255 -a $FIELD4 -le 255 ]; then
             echo "$IP available."
         else
             echo "$IP not available!"
         fi
     else
         echo "Format error!"
     fi
 }
 check_ip 192.168.1.1
 check_ip 256.1.1.1
增加版:
 加个死循环,如果IP可用就退出,不可用提示继续输入,并使用awk判断。
 #!/bin/bash
 function check_ip(){
     local IP=$1
     VALID_CHECK=$(echo $IP|awk -F. '$1< =255&&$2<=255&&$3<=255&&$4<=255{print "yes"}')
     if echo $IP|grep -E "^[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}$" >/dev/null; then
         if [ $VALID_CHECK == "yes" ]; then
             return 0
         else
             echo "$IP not available!"
             return 1
         fi
     else
         echo "Format error! Please input again."
         return 1
     fi
 }
 while true; do
     read -p "Please enter IP: " IP
     check_ip $IP
     [ $? -eq 0 ] && break || continue
 done

13、判断用户输入的是否为数字

 方法1:
 #!/bin/bash
 if [[ $1 =~ ^[0-9]+$ ]]; then
     echo "Is Number."
 else
     echo "No Number."
 fi
方法2:
 #!/bin/bash
 if [ $1 -gt 0 ] 2>/dev/null; then
     echo "Is Number."
 else
     echo "No Number."
 fi
方法3:
 #!/bin/bash
 echo $1 |awk '{print $0~/^[0-9]+$/?"Is Number.":"No Number."}'  #三目运算符
 12.14 找出包含关键字的文件
 DIR=$1
 KEY=$2
 for FILE in $(find $DIR -type f); do
     if grep $KEY $FILE &>/dev/null; then
         echo "--> $FILE"
     fi
 done

14、给定目录找出包含关键字的文件

#!/bin/bash
DIR=$1
KEY=$2
for FILE in $(find $DIR -type f); do
    if grep $KEY $FILE &>/dev/null; then
        echo "--> $FILE"
    fi
done

15、监控目录,将新创建的文件名追加到日志中

 场景:记录目录下文件操作。
 需先安装inotify-tools软件包。
 #!/bin/bash
 MON_DIR=/opt
 inotifywait -mq --format %f -e create $MON_DIR |\
 while read files; do
   echo $files >> test.log
 done

16、给用户提供多个网卡选择

 场景:服务器多个网卡时,获取指定网卡,例如网卡流量
 https://article.pchome.net/content-2100027.html
 http://www.51cto.com/it/news/2019/0909/14338.html
 https://www.linuxprobe.com/books
 #!/bin/bash
 function local_nic() {
     local NUM ARRAY_LENGTH
     NUM=0
     for NIC_NAME in $(ls /sys/class/net|grep -vE "lo|docker0"); do
         NIC_IP=$(ifconfig $NIC_NAME |awk -F'[: ]+' '/inet addr/{print $4}')
         if [ -n "$NIC_IP" ]; then
             NIC_IP_ARRAY[$NUM]="$NIC_NAME:$NIC_IP"    #将网卡名和对应IP放到数组
             let NUM++
         fi
     done
     ARRAY_LENGTH=${#NIC_IP_ARRAY[*]}
     if [ $ARRAY_LENGTH -eq 1 ]; then     #如果数组里面只有一条记录说明就一个网卡
         NIC=${NIC_IP_ARRAY[0]%:*}
         return 0
     elif [ $ARRAY_LENGTH -eq 0 ]; then   #如果没有记录说明没有网卡
         echo "No available network card!"
         exit 1
     else
         #如果有多条记录则提醒输入选择
         for NIC in ${NIC_IP_ARRAY[*]}; do
             echo $NIC
         done
         while true; do
             read -p "Please enter local use to network card name: " INPUT_NIC_NAME
             COUNT=0
             for NIC in ${NIC_IP_ARRAY[*]}; do
                 NIC_NAME=${NIC%:*}
                 if [ $NIC_NAME == "$INPUT_NIC_NAME" ]; then
                     NIC=${NIC_IP_ARRAY[$COUNT]%:*}
                     return 0
                 else
                    COUNT+=1
                 fi
             done
             echo "Not match! Please input again."
         done
     fi
 }
 local_nic

17、查看网卡实时流量

 适用于CentOS6操作系统。
 #!/bin/bash
 # Description: Only CentOS6
 traffic_unit_conv() {
     local traffic=$1
     if [ $traffic -gt 1024000 ]; then
         printf "%.1f%s" "$(($traffic/1024/1024))" "MB/s"
     elif [ $traffic -lt 1024000 ]; then
         printf "%.1f%s" "$(($traffic/1024))" "KB/s"
     fi
 }
 NIC=$1
 echo -e " In ------ Out"
 while true; do
     OLD_IN=$(awk -F'[: ]+' '$0~"'$NIC'"{print $3}' /proc/net/dev)
     OLD_OUT=$(awk -F'[: ]+' '$0~"'$NIC'"{print $11}' /proc/net/dev)
     sleep 1
     NEW_IN=$(awk -F'[: ]+' '$0~"'$NIC'"{print $3}' /proc/net/dev)
     NEW_OUT=$(awk -F'[: ]+' '$0~"'$NIC'"{print $11}' /proc/net/dev)
     IN=$(($NEW_IN-$OLD_IN))
     OUT=$(($NEW_OUT-$OLD_OUT))
     echo "$(traffic_unit_conv $IN) $(traffic_unit_conv $OUT)"
     sleep 1
 done
 使用:./traffic.sh eth0

18、MySQL数据库备份

 
#!/bin/bash
 DATE=$(date +%F_%H-%M-%S)
 HOST=192.168.1.120
 DB=test
 USER=bak
 PASS=123456
 MAIL="zhangsan@example.com lisi@example.com"
 BACKUP_DIR=/data/db_backup
 SQL_FILE=${DB}_full_$DATE.sql
 BAK_FILE=${DB}_full_$DATE.zip
 cd $BACKUP_DIR
 if mysqldump -h$HOST -u$USER -p$PASS --single-transaction --routines --triggers -B $DB > $SQL_FILE; then
     zip $BAK_FILE $SQL_FILE && rm -f $SQL_FILE
     if [ ! -s $BAK_FILE ]; then
             echo "$DATE 内容" | mail -s "主题" $MAIL
     fi
 else
     echo "$DATE 内容" | mail -s "主题" $MAIL
 fi
 find $BACKUP_DIR -name '*.zip' -ctime +14 -exec rm {} \;

19、Nginx服务管理脚本

 场景:使用源码包安装Nginx不含带服务管理脚本,也就是不能使用"service nginx start""/etc/init.d/nginx start",所以写了以下的服务管理脚本。
 #!/bin/bash
 # Description: Only support RedHat system
 . /etc/init.d/functions
 WORD_DIR=/usr/local/nginx
 DAEMON=$WORD_DIR/sbin/nginx
 CONF=$WORD_DIR/conf/nginx.conf
 NAME=nginx
 PID=$(awk -F'[; ]+' '/^[^#]/{if($0~/pid;/)print $2}' $CONF)
 if [ -z "$PID" ]; then
     PID=$WORD_DIR/logs/nginx.pid
 else
     PID=$WORD_DIR/$PID
 fi
 stop() {
     $DAEMON -s stop
     sleep 1
     [ ! -f $PID ] && action "* Stopping $NAME"  /bin/true || action "* Stopping $NAME" /bin/false
 }
 start() {
     $DAEMON
     sleep 1
     [ -f $PID ] && action "* Starting $NAME"  /bin/true || action "* Starting $NAME" /bin/false
 }
 reload() {
     $DAEMON -s reload
 }
 test_config() {
     $DAEMON -t
 }
 case "$1" in
     start)
         if [ ! -f $PID ]; then
             start
         else
             echo "$NAME is running..."
             exit 0
         fi
         ;;
     stop)
         if [ -f $PID ]; then
             stop
         else
             echo "$NAME not running!"
             exit 0
         fi
         ;;
     restart)
         if [ ! -f $PID ]; then
             echo "$NAME not running!" 
             start
         else
             stop
             start
         fi
         ;;
     reload)
         reload
         ;;
     testconfig)
         test_config
         ;;
     status)
         [ -f $PID ] && echo "$NAME is running..." || echo "$NAME not running!"
         ;;
     *)
         echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart|reload|testconfig|status}"
         exit 3
         ;;
 esac

20、用户根据菜单选择要连接的Linux主机

 Linux主机SSH连接信息:
 # cat host.txt
 Web 192.168.1.10 root 22
 DB 192.168.1.11 root 22
 内容格式:主机名 IP User Port
 #!/bin/bash
 PS3="Please input number: "
 HOST_FILE=host.txt
 while true; do
     select NAME in $(awk '{print $1}' $HOST_FILE) quit; do
         [ ${NAME:=empty} == "quit" ] && exit 0
         IP=$(awk -v NAME=${NAME} '$1==NAME{print $2}' $HOST_FILE)
         USER=$(awk -v NAME=${NAME} '$1==NAME{print $3}' $HOST_FILE)
         PORT=$(awk -v NAME=${NAME} '$1==NAME{print $4}' $HOST_FILE)
         if [ $IP ]; then
             echo "Name: $NAME, IP: $IP"
             ssh -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -p $PORT -i id_rsa $USER@$IP  # 密钥免交互登录
             break
         else
             echo "Input error, Please enter again!"
             break
         fi
     done
 done

21、从FTP服务器下载文件

 #!/bin/bash
 if [ $# -ne 1 ]; then
     echo "Usage: $0 filename"
 fi
 dir=$(dirname $1)
 file=$(basename $1)
 ftp -n -v << EOF   # -n 自动登录
 open 192.168.1.10  # ftp服务器
 user admin password
 binary   # 设置ftp传输模式为二进制,避免MD5值不同或.tar.gz压缩包格式错误
 cd $dir
 get "$file"
 EOF

22、连续输入5个100以内的数字,统计和、最小和最大

 #!/bin/bash
 COUNT=1
 SUM=0
 MIN=0
 MAX=100
 while [ $COUNT -le 5 ]; do
     read -p "请输入1-10个整数:" INT
     if [[ ! $INT =~ ^[0-9]+$ ]]; then
         echo "输入必须是整数!"
         exit 1
     elif [[ $INT -gt 100 ]]; then
         echo "输入必须是100以内!"
         exit 1
     fi
     SUM=$(($SUM+$INT))
     [ $MIN -lt $INT ] && MIN=$INT
     [ $MAX -gt $INT ] && MAX=$INT
     let COUNT++
 done
 echo "SUM: $SUM"
 echo "MIN: $MIN"
 echo "MAX: $MAX"

23、将结果分别赋值给变量

 应用场景:希望将执行结果或者位置参数赋值给变量,以便后续使用。
 方法1:
for i in $(echo "4 5 6"); do
    eval a$i=$i
 done
 echo $a4 $a5 $a6

 方法2:将位置参数192.168.1.1{1,2}拆分为到每个变量
 num=0
 for i in $(eval echo $*);do   #eval将{1,2}分解为1 2
    let num+=1
    eval node${num}="$i"
 done
 echo $node1 $node2 $node3
 # bash a.sh 192.168.1.1{1,2}
 192.168.1.11 192.168.1.12
方法3:
 arr=(4 5 6)
 INDEX1=$(echo ${arr[0]})
 INDEX2=$(echo ${arr[1]})
 INDEX3=$(echo ${arr[2]})

24、批量修改文件名

 示例:
 # touch article_{1..3}.html
 # ls
 article_1.html  article_2.html  article_3.html
 目的:把article改为bbs
 方法1:
 for file in $(ls *html); do
     mv $file bbs_${file#*_}
     # mv $file $(echo $file |sed -r 's/.*(_.*)/bbs\1/')
     # mv $file $(echo $file |echo bbs_$(cut -d_ -f2)
 done
 方法2:
 for file in $(find . -maxdepth 1 -name "*html"); do
      mv $file bbs_${file#*_}
 done
 方法3:
 # rename article bbs *.html

25、统计当前目录中以.html结尾的文件总大

 方法1:
 # find . -name "*.html" -exec du -k {} \; |awk '{sum+=$1}END{print sum}'
 方法2:
for size in $(ls -l *.html |awk '{print $5}'); do
     sum=$(($sum+$size))
 done
 echo $sum

26、扫描主机端口状态

 #!/bin/bash
 HOST=$1
 PORT="22 25 80 8080"
 for PORT in $PORT; do
     if echo &>/dev/null > /dev/tcp/$HOST/$PORT; then
         echo "$PORT open"
     else
         echo "$PORT close"
     fi
 done

27、Expect实现SSH免交互执行命令

 Expect是一个自动交互式应用程序的工具,如telnet,ftp,passwd等。
 需先安装expect软件包。
 方法1:EOF标准输出作为expect标准输入
 #!/bin/bash
 USER=root
 PASS=123.com
 IP=192.168.1.120
 expect << EOF
 set timeout 30
 spawn ssh $USER@$IP   
 expect {
     "(yes/no)" {send "yes\r"; exp_continue}
     "password:" {send "$PASS\r"}
 }
 expect "$USER@*"  {send "$1\r"}
 expect "$USER@*"  {send "exit\r"}
 expect eof
 EOF
方法2:
 #!/bin/bash
 USER=root
 PASS=123.com
 IP=192.168.1.120
 expect -c "
     spawn ssh $USER@$IP
     expect {
         \"(yes/no)\" {send \"yes\r\"; exp_continue}
         \"password:\" {send \"$PASS\r\"; exp_continue}
         \"$USER@*\" {send \"df -h\r exit\r\"; exp_continue}
     }"

 方法3:将expect脚本独立出来
 登录脚本:
 # cat login.exp
 #!/usr/bin/expect
 set ip [lindex $argv 0]
 set user [lindex $argv 1]
 set passwd [lindex $argv 2]
 set cmd [lindex $argv 3]
 if { $argc != 4 } {
 puts "Usage: expect login.exp ip user passwd"
 exit 1
 }
 set timeout 30
 spawn ssh $user@$ip
 expect {
     "(yes/no)" {send "yes\r"; exp_continue}
     "password:" {send "$passwd\r"}
 }
 expect "$user@*"  {send "$cmd\r"}
 expect "$user@*"  {send "exit\r"}
 expect eof
 执行命令脚本:写个循环可以批量操作多台服务器
 #!/bin/bash
 HOST_INFO=user_info.txt
 for ip in $(awk '{print $1}' $HOST_INFO)
 do
     user=$(awk -v I="$ip" 'I==$1{print $2}' $HOST_INFO)
     pass=$(awk -v I="$ip" 'I==$1{print $3}' $HOST_INFO)
     expect login.exp $ip $user $pass $1
 doneLinux主机SSH连接信息:
 # cat user_info.txt
 192.168.1.120 root 123456

28、批量修改服务器用户密码

 Linux主机SSH连接信息:旧密码
 https://www.linuxprobe.com/books
 # cat old_pass.txt 
 192.168.18.217  root    123456     22
 192.168.18.218  root    123456     22
 内容格式:IP User Password Port
 SSH远程修改密码脚本:新密码随机生成
 #!/bin/bash
 OLD_INFO=old_pass.txt
 NEW_INFO=new_pass.txt
 for IP in $(awk '/^[^#]/{print $1}' $OLD_INFO); do
     USER=$(awk -v I=$IP 'I==$1{print $2}' $OLD_INFO)
     PASS=$(awk -v I=$IP 'I==$1{print $3}' $OLD_INFO)
     PORT=$(awk -v I=$IP 'I==$1{print $4}' $OLD_INFO)
     NEW_PASS=$(mkpasswd -l 8)  # 随机密码
     echo "$IP   $USER   $NEW_PASS   $PORT" >> $NEW_INFO
     expect -c "
     spawn ssh -p$PORT $USER@$IP
     set timeout 2
     expect {
         \"(yes/no)\" {send \"yes\r\";exp_continue}
         \"password:\" {send \"$PASS\r\";exp_continue}
         \"$USER@*\" {send \"echo \'$NEW_PASS\' |passwd --stdin $USER\r exit\r\";exp_continue}
     }"
 done
 生成新密码文件:
 # cat new_pass.txt 
 192.168.18.217  root    n8wX3mU%      22
 192.168.18.218  root    c87;ZnnL      22

29、打印乘法口诀

 方法1:
# awk 'BEGIN{for(n=0;n++<9;){for(i=0;i++<n;)printf i"x"n"="i*n" ";print ""}}'
方法2:
 for ((i=1;i<=9;i++)); do
    for ((j=1;j<=i;j++)); do
      result=$(($i*$j))
      echo -n "$j*$i=$result "
    done
    echo
 done

30、getopts工具完善脚本命令行参数

 getopts是一个解析脚本选项参数的工具。
 命令格式:getopts optstring name [arg]
 初次使用你要注意这几点:
 脚本位置参数会与optstring中的单个字母逐个匹配,如果匹配到就赋值给name,否则赋值name为问号;
 optstring中单个字母是一个选项,如果字母后面加冒号,表示该选项后面带参数,参数值并会赋值给OPTARG变量;
 optstring中第一个是冒号,表示屏蔽系统错误(test.sh: illegal option -- h);
 允许把选项放一起,例如-ab
 下面写一个打印文件指定行的简单例子,引导你思路:
 #!/bin/bash
 while getopts :f:n: option; do
     case $option in
         f)
             FILE=$OPTARG
       [ ! -f $FILE ] && echo "$FILE File not exist!" && exit
             ;;
         n)
             sed -n "${OPTARG}p" $FILE
             ;;
         ?)
             echo "Usage: $0 -f  -n "
             echo "-f, --file           specified file"
             echo "-n, --line-number    print specified line"
             exit 1
         ;;
     esac
 done



posted @ 2021-02-19 02:14  上善若水~小辉  阅读(428)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报