『用英语学英语』英文语法为什么要有独立主格?

用英语学英语,用工具来学习工具。最近总是要捣腾些事情,虽然我还是一个接近毕业的毕业gou,但就控制不住自己的不务正业啊~

英语学英语就是这样子产生的,准备写一小系列的英文语法知识陈述,一方面再巩固下渣的英文语法知识,另外一方面也从探询各个语法知识点背后的知识逻辑,探询为什么就要有这个语法点?

声明:本文先发于博客园structure,与简书为同一作者。博客园地址为 http://www.cnblogs.com/structure/

 

回归正题,英文语法中为什么要有独立主格?

在学习英文语法的过程中,独立主格是一个比较酷的知识点吧,一方面是因为它被单独拎出来讲,英文老师把它作为进阶知识点进行补充,在各大中高考中也是比较常考的知识点。另外一方面是它的名字确实比较酷炫,独立主格?哇塞,跟其他什么被动语态、名词、代词、形容词、时态什么都不一样好嘛。。

一般学生同学难免会觉得,哇塞,英文老师肯定又要说独立主格在英文中是高级用法#@%……¥#之类的吧。

A尼为!

独立主格结构(Independent Genitive)由两部分组成,前一部份是名词或者代词,后一部分是非谓语动词(不定式动名词分词)或形容词、副词、或介词短语。前后两部分具有逻辑主谓关系。独立主格结构在句中做状语,多用于书面语。 独立主格结构本身不是句子,在句子中作状语

1)独立主格,首先它是一个“格”,而不是一个“句子”。
2)其公式为:名词/名词短语/代词+不定式/ing分词/ed分词/形容词/副词/介词短语。名词前也可以加with。#这里注意ed一般表被动,ing一般表主动~
3)可以表时间、条件、原因、伴随状况、补充说明等等
4)独立主格结构主要用于描绘性文字中,其作用相当于一个状语从句,常用来表示时间、原因、条件、行为方式或伴随情况等。
5)独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,它独立存在。
 
1) 表示时间
The meeting being over, all of us went home. 开完会后我们都回家了。the meeting being over相当于when the meeting was over
Her work done, she sat down for a cup of tea. 她干完了活,坐下来喝茶。her work done相当于when her work was done
2) 表示条件
The condition being favorable, he may succeed. 若条件有利,他或许能成功。the condition being favorable相当于If the condition is favorable
3) 表示原因
There being no taxis, we had to walk. 没有出租车,我们只好步行。There being no taxis相当于Since there was no taxis,
He wrapped her up with great care, the night being dark and frosty. 夜又黑又冷,所以他把她裹得严严实实的。the night being dark and frosty相当于as the night was dark and frosty
4) 表示伴随情况
Almost all metals are good conductors, silver being the best of all. 几乎所有的金属都是良导体,而银则是最好的导体。(=Almost all metals are good conductors, and silver is the best of all.)
He came into the room, his ears red with cold. 他回到屋子里,耳朵冻坏了。#这里的red其实是动词,表示冻红了。。是吗。。。反正能这样用吧?~
5) 表示补充说明
We redoubled our efforts, each man working like two. 我们加倍努力,一个人干两个人的活。
 
以上来自国内百科,其实就是没有解释独立主格的来源,惯例查了一下wiki,果然有~链接在下,我贴过来
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nominative_absolute
 
其实独立主格来自Latin语系的希腊,因为英文是拉丁语系,古人在书写的过程中,用主语+谓语的写法来代替状语从句,所以这一书写的点也就逐渐保留下来。其标准的英文翻译是Nominative absolute,跟上边的翻译不一样,其实是上边是希腊文的说法。

下边是Wiki的说法,

In English grammar, a nominative absolute is a free-standing (absolute) part of a sentence that describes the main subject and verb. It is usually at the beginning or end of the sentence, although it can also appear in the middle. Its parallel is the ablative absolute in Latin or the genitive absolute in Greek.

One way to identify a nominative absolute is to add a conjunction #连词 and a verb: one can always create a subordinate clause out of a nominative absolute by adding a subordinate conjunction (such as "after" or "because") and a form of the verb to be.

Examples
The dragon slain # 杀死(slay的过去分词), the knight took his rest.
The battle over, the soldiers trudged back to the camp.

In each case, if a conjunction such as "after" or "because" were added before the nominative absolute as well as the verb "was", the absolute would become a subordinate clause# 从句.

Because the dragon was slain, the knight took his rest.
After the battle was over, the soldiers trudged back to the camp.

引用自Absolute Constructions from the American Heritage Book of English Usage (1996).

 

好了,这就是为什么英文有独立主格及独立主格的用法啦,认得就行,2017/3/13又学到一个知识点,就这样啦~写论文去了

 

posted on 2017-03-13 20:20  班扬-317顶级数据师  阅读(2065)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报

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