Sentinel降级服务
Sentinel降级简介
Sentinel熔断降级会在调用链路中某个资源出现不稳定状态时(例如调用超时或异常比例升高),对这个资源的调用进行限制,让请求快速失败,避免影响到其它的资源而导致级联错误。
当资源被降级后,在接下来的降级时间窗口之内,对该资源的调用都自动熔断(默认行为是抛出DegradeException)。
RT(平均响应时间,秒级)
平均响应时间 超出阈值且在时间窗口内通过的请求>=5,两个条件同时满足后触发降级窗口期过后关闭断路器
RT最大4900(最大的需要通过-Dcsp.sentinel.statistic.max.rt=XXXX才能生效)
异常比例(秒级)
QPS>=5且异常比例(秒级统计)超过阈值时,触发降级;窗口期结束后,关闭降级。
异常数
异常数(分钟统计)超过阈值时,触发降级;时间窗口期结束后,关闭降级。
Sentinel降级-RT
修改子项目(8401)的FlowLimitController
@GetMapping("/testD")
public String testD() {
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return "**********testD***********";
}
在sentinel的窗口,设置降级
当一秒钟打进来十个线程来调用testD,我们希望200毫秒处理完本次任务,如果超过200毫秒还没处理完,在未来1秒钟的时间窗口内,断路器打开,服务不可用。
Sentinel降级-异常比例
异常比例:当资源的每秒请求量>=5,并且每秒异常总数占通过量的比值超过阈值之后,资源进入降级状态,即在接下来的时间窗口之内,对这个方法的调用都会自动返回,异常比例的阈值范围[0.0,1.0],代表0%-100%。
修改子项目(8401)的FlowLimitController
@GetMapping("/testD")
public String testD() {
/*try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}*/
int age = 10/0;
return "**********testD异常比例***********";
}
Sentinel降级-异常数
异常数:当资源近1分钟的异常数目超过阈值滞后进行熔断。由于统计时间窗口是分钟级别的,若时间窗口小于60s,则结束熔断状态后仍可能再进入熔断状态。
时间窗口一定要大于60秒
修改子项目(8401)的FlowLimitController
@GetMapping("/testE")
public String testE() {
int age = 10/0;
return "********testE异常数********";
}
运行报错。
设置异常数
Sentinel热点key
热点参数限流会统计参数中的热点参数,并根据配置的限流阈值与模式,对包含热点参数的资源调用进行限流,热点参数限流可以看作是一种特殊的流量控制,仅包含热点参数的资源调用生效。
修改子项目(8401)的FlowLimitController
@GetMapping("/testHotKey")
@SentinelResource(value = "testHotKey",blockHandler = "deal_testHotKey")
public String testHotKey(@RequestParam(value = "p1",required = false) String p1,
@RequestParam(value = "p2",required = false) String p2) {
return "*****testHotKey successful**********";
}
public String deal_testHotKey(String p1, String p2, BlockException ex){
return "********deal_testHotKey**********";
}
运行
配置热点规则
参数索引:对访问的第一个参数进行限流
当每秒访问多次的时候就会进行服务熔断。
当把blockHandler参数去掉,一秒一次就会显示成功页面,当一秒访问多次的时候就会直接弹出错误页面(Error Page)。
参数例外项
普通:超过1秒钟一个之后,达到阈值1后马上被限流
我们希望p1参数当它是摸个特殊值时,它的限流值和平时不一样
假如当p1的值等于5时,它的阈值可以达到200
配置参数例外项
当p1的值不等于5时,阈值是1
当p1的值等于5时,阈值为200
当代码中有错误它不会去报deal_testHotKey,而是会直接显示错误界面。
Sentinel系统规则
系统自适应限流
Sentinel系统自适应限流从整体维度对应用入口流量控制,结合应用的Load、CPU使用率、总体平均RT、入口QPS和并发线程数等几个维度的监控指标,通过自适应的流控策略、让系统的入口流量和系统的负载达到一个平衡,让系统尽可能跑在最大吞吐量的同时保证系统整体的稳定性。
Load自适应(仅对Linux/Unix-like机器生效):系统的load作为启发指标,进行自适应系统保护。当系统load超过设定的启发值,且系统当前的并发线程数超过估算的系统容量时才会触发系统保护(BBR阶段)。系统容量有系统的maxQps*minRt估算得出,设定参考值一般是CPU cores * 2.5。
CPU usage(1.5.0+版本):当系统CPU使用率超过阈值即触发系统保护(取值范围0.0-1.0),比较灵敏。
平均RT:当单台机器所有入口流量的平均RT达到阈值即触发系统保护,单位是毫秒
并发线程数:当单台机器所有入口流量的并发线程数达到阈值即触发系统保护
入口QPS:当单台机器上所有入口流量的QPS达到阈值即触发系统保护
SentinelResource配置
修改一个RateLimitController
@GetMapping("/byResource")
@SentinelResource(value = "byResource",blockHandler = "handleException")
public CommonResult byResource() {
return new CommonResult(200,"按资源名称限流测试OK",new Payment(2020L,"serial001"));
}
public CommonResult handleException(BlockException exception){
return new CommonResult(444,exception.getClass().getCanonicalName()+"\t 服务不可用");
}
运行8401
设置限流规则
按照Url地址限流
修改RateLimitController
//按照URl限流
@GetMapping("/rateLimit/byUrl")
@SentinelResource(value = "byUrl")
public CommonResult byUrl() {
return new CommonResult(200,"按Url限流测试OK",new Payment(2020L,"serial002"));
}
设置限流规则
上面兜底方案面临的问题
- 系统默认的,没有体现我们自己的业务要求。
- 依照现有条件,我们自定义的处理方法又和业务代码耦合在一块,不直观。
- 每个业务方法都添加一个兜底的,那会造成代码膨胀加剧。
- 全局统一的处理方法没有体现。
修改一个RateLimitController
//CustomerBlockHandler
@GetMapping("/rateLimit/customerBlockHandler")
@SentinelResource(value = "customerBlockHandler",blockHandlerClass = CustomerBlockHandler.class,blockHandler = "handlerException1")
public CommonResult customerBlockHandler() {
return new CommonResult(200,"按客户自定义",new Payment(2020L,"serial003"));
}
新建一个CustomerBlockHandler.java
public class CustomerBlockHandler {
public static CommonResult handlerException1(BlockException exception){
return new CommonResult(444,"按客户自定义,global handlerException-------1");
}
public static CommonResult handlerException2(BlockException exception){
return new CommonResult(444,"按客户自定义,global handlerException-------2");
}
}
配置限流规则
Sentinel服务熔断Ribbon环境
新建子项目(cloudalibaba-provider-payment9003)
pom.xml
<dependencies>
<!--SpringCloud ailibaba nacos -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- SpringBoot整合Web组件 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--引入自己定义的api通用包-->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.atguigu.springcloud</groupId>
<artifactId>cloud-api-commons</artifactId>
<version>${project.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!--日常通用jar包配置-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
<scope>runtime</scope>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.atguigu.springcloud</groupId>
<artifactId>cloud-api-commons</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<scope>compile</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
新建配置文件application.yml
server:
port: 9003
spring:
application:
name: nacos-payment-provider
cloud:
nacos:
discovery:
server-addr: localhost:8848 #配置nacos地址
management:
endpoints:
web:
exposure:
include: '*'
新建主启动类
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class PaymentMain9003 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(PaymentMain9003.class,args);
}
}
新建业务类PaymentController
@RestController
public class PaymentController {
@Value("${server.port}")
private String serverPort;
public static HashMap<Long, Payment> hashMap = new HashMap<>();
static {
hashMap.put(1L,new Payment(1L,"从入门到放弃"));
hashMap.put(2L,new Payment(2L,"从删库到跑路"));
hashMap.put(3L,new Payment(3L,"从进门到坐牢"));
}
@GetMapping("/paymentSQL/{id}")
public CommonResult<Payment> paymentSQL(@PathVariable("id") Long id) {
Payment payment = hashMap.get(id);
CommonResult<Payment> result = new CommonResult(200,"from mysql,serverPort: "+serverPort,payment);
return result;
}
}
新建子项目(cloudalibaba-provider-payment9003)
步骤按照上述
新建子项目(cloudalibaba-consumer-nacos-order84)
pom.xml
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.atguigu.springcloud</groupId>
<artifactId>cloud-api-commons</artifactId>
<version>${project.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!--SpringCloud ailibaba nacos -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- SpringBoot整合Web组件 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--SpringCloud ailibaba sentinel -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-sentinel</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--日常通用jar包配置-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
<scope>runtime</scope>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
新建application.yml配置文件
server:
port: 84
spring:
application:
name: nacos-order-consumer
cloud:
nacos:
discovery:
server-addr: localhost:8848
sentinel:
transport:
dashboard: localhost:8080
port: 8719
service-url:
nacos-user-service: http://nacos-payment-provider
创建主启动类OrderNacosMain84
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class OrderNacosMain84 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(OrderNacosMain84.class,args);
}
}
创建配置类ApplicationContextConfig
@Configuration
public class ApplicationContextConfig {
@Bean
@LoadBalanced
public RestTemplate getRestTemplate() {
return new RestTemplate();
}
}
创建业务类CircleBreakerController
@RestController
public class CircleBreakerController {
public static final String SERVICE_URL = "http://nacos-payment-provider";
@Resource
private RestTemplate restTemplate;
@RequestMapping("/consumer/fallback/{id}")
@SentinelResource(value = "fallback")
public CommonResult<Payment> fallback(@PathVariable Long id){
CommonResult<Payment> result = restTemplate.getForObject(SERVICE_URL+"/paymentSQL/"+id,CommonResult.class,id);
if(id==4) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("非法参数,异常");
}else if(result.getData()==null) {
throw new NullPointerException("该ID没有对应的记录,空指针异常");
}
return result;
}
}
Sentinel服务熔断配置fallback
在子项目84上业务类CircleBreakerController加上兜底方法
@RestController
public class CircleBreakerController {
public static final String SERVICE_URL = "http://nacos-payment-provider";
@Resource
private RestTemplate restTemplate;
@RequestMapping("/consumer/fallback/{id}")
@SentinelResource(value = "fallback",fallback = "handerFallback")
public CommonResult<Payment> fallback(@PathVariable Long id){
CommonResult<Payment> result = restTemplate.getForObject(SERVICE_URL+"/paymentSQL/"+id,CommonResult.class,id);
if(id==4) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("非法参数,异常");
}else if(result.getData()==null) {
throw new NullPointerException("该ID没有对应的记录,空指针异常");
}
return result;
}
public CommonResult handlerFallback(@PathVariable Long id,Throwable e) {
Payment payment = new Payment(id, null);
return new CommonResult<>(444,"兜底异常,异常内容:"+e.getMessage(),payment);
}
}
fallback只负责业务异常。
Sentinel服务熔断配置blockhandler
修改子项目84上业务类CircleBreakerController
@RestController
public class CircleBreakerController {
public static final String SERVICE_URL = "http://nacos-payment-provider";
@Resource
private RestTemplate restTemplate;
@RequestMapping("/consumer/fallback/{id}")
//@SentinelResource(value = "fallback",fallback = "handerFallback") //fallback只处理业务出现异常
@SentinelResource(value = "fallback",blockHandler = "blockHandler") //blockHandler只负责sentinel控制台配置违规
public CommonResult<Payment> fallback(@PathVariable Long id){
CommonResult<Payment> result = restTemplate.getForObject(SERVICE_URL+"/paymentSQL/"+id,CommonResult.class,id);
if(id==4) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("非法参数,异常");
}else if(result.getData()==null) {
throw new NullPointerException("该ID没有对应的记录,空指针异常");
}
return result;
}
/*public CommonResult handlerFallback(@PathVariable Long id,Throwable e) {
Payment payment = new Payment(id, null);
return new CommonResult<>(444,"兜底异常,异常内容:"+e.getMessage(),payment);
}*/
public CommonResult handlerFallback(@PathVariable Long id, BlockException blockException) {
Payment payment = new Payment(id, null);
return new CommonResult<>(445, "blockHandler-sentinel限流,无此流水:" + blockException.getMessage(), payment);
}
}
添加降级规则
blockHandler只负责sentinel控制台配置违规
Sentinel服务熔断配置fallback和blockhandler
若blockHandler和fallback都进行了配置,则被限流降级而抛出BlockException时只会进入blockHandler处理逻辑。
Sentinel服务熔断exceptionsTolgnore
修改子项目84上业务类CircleBreakerController
@RestController
public class CircleBreakerController {
public static final String SERVICE_URL = "http://nacos-payment-provider";
@Resource
private RestTemplate restTemplate;
@RequestMapping("/consumer/fallback/{id}")
//@SentinelResource(value = "fallback",fallback = "handerFallback") //fallback只处理业务出现异常
//@SentinelResource(value = "fallback",blockHandler = "blockHandler") //blockHandler只负责sentinel控制台配置违规
//@SentinelResource(value = "fallback",fallback = "handerFallback",blockHandler = "blockHandler")
@SentinelResource(value = "fallback",fallback = "handerFallback",blockHandler = "blockHandler",
exceptionsToIgnore = {IllegalArgumentException.class})
public CommonResult<Payment> fallback(@PathVariable Long id){
CommonResult<Payment> result = restTemplate.getForObject(SERVICE_URL+"/paymentSQL/"+id,CommonResult.class,id);
if(id==4) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("非法参数,异常");
}else if(result.getData()==null) {
throw new NullPointerException("该ID没有对应的记录,空指针异常");
}
return result;
}
public CommonResult handlerFallback(@PathVariable Long id,Throwable e) {
Payment payment = new Payment(id, null);
return new CommonResult<>(444,"兜底异常,异常内容:"+e.getMessage(),payment);
}
public CommonResult handlerFallback(@PathVariable Long id, BlockException blockException) {
Payment payment = new Payment(id, null);
return new CommonResult<>(445, "blockHandler-sentinel限流,无此流水:" + blockException.getMessage(), payment);
}
}
运行
假如4报异常,不再有fallback方法兜底,没有降级效果了。
Sentinel服务熔断OpenFeign
修改子项目(84)
pom.xml
<!--SpringCloud openfeign -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
</dependency>
修改application.yml
# 激活Sentinel对Feign的支持
feign:
sentinel:
enabled: true
在主启动类上面加上注解,开启Feign
@EnableFeignClients
创建service接口
@FeignClient(value = "nacos-payment-provider",fallback = PaymentFallbackService.class)
public interface PaymentService {
@GetMapping(value = "/paymentSQL/{id}")
public CommonResult<Payment> paymentSQL(@PathVariable("id") Long id);
}
创建接口实现类PaymentFallbackService
@Component
public class PaymentFallbackService implements PaymentService {
@Override
public CommonResult<Payment> paymentSQL(Long id) {
return new CommonResult<>(444,"服务降级返回,----PaymentFallbackService",new Payment(id,"errorService"));
}
}
在业务类CirleBreakerController添加
@Resource
private PaymentService paymentService;
@GetMapping(value = "/paymentSQL/{id}")
public CommonResult<Payment> paymentSQL(@PathVariable("id") Long id){
return paymentService.paymentSQL(id);
}
运行
当9003停止运行后,84会
Sentinel持久化规则
一旦我们重启应用,sentinel规则将会消失,生产环境需要将配置规则进行持久化。
将限流配置规则持久化进Nacos保存,只要刷新8401某个rest地址,sentinel控制台的流控规则就能看到,只要Nacos里面的配置不删除,针对8401上的sentinel上的流控规则持续有效。
修改子项目(8401)
application.yml
server:
port: 8401
spring:
application:
name: cloudalibaba-sentinel-service
cloud:
nacos:
discovery:
server-addr: localhost:8848
sentinel:
transport:
dashboard: localhost:8080 #配置Sentinel dashboard地址
port: 8719 #默认8719端口,如果被占用会自动从8719开始依次+1,直到找到未被占用的端口
#8719端口是应用和Sentinel控制台交互的端口
datasource:
ds1:
nacos:
server-addr: localhost:8848
dataId: cloudalibaba-sentinel-service
groupId: DEFAULT_GROUP
data-type: json
rule-type: flow
management:
endpoints:
web:
exposure:
include: '*'
在nacos里面新建配置
resource:资源名称;
limitApp:来源应用;
grade:阈值类型,0表示线程数、1表示QPS;
count:单机阈值;
strategy:流控模式,0表示直接,1表示关联,2表示链路;
controlBehavior:流控效果,0表示快速失败,1表示Warm up,2表示排队等待;
clusterMode:是否集群;
启动8401后刷新sentinel发现业务规则有了