服务熔断

服务熔断

熔断机制概述

熔断机制是应对雪崩效应的一种微服务链路保护机制。当扇出链路的某个微服务出错不可用或者响应时间太长时,会进行服务的降级,进而熔断该节点微服务的调用,快速返回错误的响应信息。

当检测到该节点微服务调用响应正常后,恢复调用链路。

在spring的框架里,熔断机制通过Hystrix实现。Hystrix会监控微服务间调用的状况,当失败的调用到一定阈值,缺省是5秒内20次调用失败,就会启用熔断机制,熔断机制的注解是@HystrixCommand。

服务熔断案例

在子项目(cloud-provider-hystrix-payment8001),修改PaymentService

//服务熔断=========

    @HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "paymentCircuitBreaker_fallback",commandProperties = {
            @HystrixProperty(name = "circuitBreaker.enabled",value = "true"),// 是否开启断路器
            @HystrixProperty(name = "circuitBreaker.requestVolumeThreshold",value = "10"),// 请求次数
            @HystrixProperty(name = "circuitBreaker.sleepWindowInMilliseconds",value = "10000"), // 时间窗口期
            @HystrixProperty(name = "circuitBreaker.errorThresholdPercentage",value = "60"),// 失败率达到多少后跳闸
    })
    public String paymentCircuitBreaker( Integer id)
    {
        if(id < 0)
        {
            throw new RuntimeException("******id 不能负数");
        }
        String serialNumber = IdUtil.simpleUUID();

        return Thread.currentThread().getName()+"\t"+"调用成功,流水号: " + serialNumber;
    }
    public String paymentCircuitBreaker_fallback(Integer id)
    {
        return "id 不能负数,请稍后再试,/(ㄒoㄒ)/~~   id: " +id;
    }

在PaymentController

//服务熔断===============
    @GetMapping("/payment/get/{id}")
    public String paymentCircuitBreaker(@PathVariable("id") Integer id) {
        String result = paymentService.paymentCircuitBreaker(id);
        return result;
    }

运行

image-20201031163943532

image-20201031164109421

服务熔断总结

熔断类型:

  • 熔断打开:请求不再进行调用当前服务,内部设置时钟一般为MTTR(平均故障处理时间),当打开时长达到所设适中则进入半熔断状态。
  • 熔断关闭:熔断关闭不会对服务进行熔断
  • 熔断半开:部分请求根据规则调用当前服务,如果请求成功且符合规则则认为当前服务恢复正常,关闭熔断。

Hystrix图形化Dashboard搭建

image-20201031165754097

创建一个子项目(cloud-consumer-hystrix-dashboard9001)

pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>cloud2020</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.atguigu.springcloud</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>cloud-consumer-hystrix-dashboard9001</artifactId>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix-dashboard</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

创建application.yml

server:
	port: 9001

创建主启动类HystrixDashboardMain9001

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableHystrixDashboard
public class HystrixDashboardMain9001 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(HystrixDashboardMain9001.class,args);
    }
}

运行http://localhost:9001/hystrix

image-20201031171311611

Hystrix图形化监控

修改子项目(cloud-provider-hystrix-payment8001)里的主启动类PaymenthystrixMain8001

   /**
     *此配置是为了服务监控而配置,与服务容错本身无关,springcloud升级后的坑
     *ServletRegistrationBean因为springboot的默认路径不是"/hystrix.stream",
     *只要在自己的项目里配置上下面的servlet就可以了
     */
    @Bean
    public ServletRegistrationBean getServlet() {
        HystrixMetricsStreamServlet streamServlet = new HystrixMetricsStreamServlet();
        ServletRegistrationBean registrationBean = new ServletRegistrationBean(streamServlet);
        registrationBean.setLoadOnStartup(1);
        registrationBean.addUrlMappings("/hystrix.stream");
        registrationBean.setName("HystrixMetricsStreamServlet");
        return registrationBean;
    }

运行

image-20201101102013066

image-20201101102108980

posted @ 2020-11-12 22:45  striver-sc  阅读(189)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报