C++ 析构函数的调用顺序

如果指针指向基类,但是指针在运行时指向派生类,则该基类必须具有虚拟析构函数,以便破坏派生类。如果没有虚拟析构函数,则只会运行基类的析构函数。

比如:

Base* basePtr;

basePtr = new Derived(1);

如果没有添加virtual,也就是没有虚拟析构函数,看下面代码示例:

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class Base
{
public:
    Base()
    {
        cout << "Base contruction" << endl;
    }
    ~Base()
    {
        cout << "Base deconstruction" << endl;
    }

};

class Derived : public Base
{
public:
    Derived()
    {
        cout << "Derived contruction " << endl;
    }
    ~Derived()
    {
        cout << "Derived deconstruction" << endl;
    }

};

int main()
{
    Base* basePtr;
    Derived* derevedPtr;

    basePtr = new Derived;
    delete basePtr;
}

则只会调用基类的析构函数

结果:

Base contruction
Derived contruction
Base deconstruction

在添加virtual之后,就会先用派生类的析构函数,再调用基类的析构函数

这样添加:

virtual ~Base()

结果:

Base contruction
Derived contruction
Derived deconstruction
Base deconstruction

最后再提一下,如果指针是派生类声明的,并且是指向派生类的,那么调用顺序是基类构造->派生类构造->派生类析构->基类析构 

如果指针是基类声明,并且指向基类的,那么调用顺序是基类构造->基类析构

一些有用的blog:  Understanding warning C4265: class has virtual functions

 

posted @ 2020-06-24 17:53  strive-sun  阅读(793)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报