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HarmonyOS:UIAbility组件间的交互

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UIAbility是系统调度的最小单元。在设备内的功能模块之间跳转时,会涉及到启动特定的UIAbility,包括应用内的其他UIAbility、或者其他应用的UIAbility(例如启动三方支付UIAbility)。

本文主要介绍启动应用内的UIAbility组件的方式。应用间的组件跳转详见应用间跳转

启动应用内的UIAbility

当一个应用内包含多个UIAbility时,存在应用内启动UIAbility的场景。例如在支付应用中从入口UIAbility启动收付款UIAbility。

假设应用中有两个UIAbility:EntryAbility和FuncAbility(可以在同一个Module中,也可以在不同的Module中),需要从EntryAbility的页面中启动FuncAbility。

  1. 在EntryAbility中,通过调用startAbility()方法启动UIAbility,want为UIAbility实例启动的入口参数,其中bundleName为待启动应用的Bundle名称,abilityName为待启动的Ability名称,moduleName在待启动的UIAbility属于不同的Module时添加,parameters为自定义信息参数。示例中的context的获取方式请参见获取UIAbility的上下文信息

    import { common, Want } from '@kit.AbilityKit';
    import { hilog } from '@kit.PerformanceAnalysisKit';
    import { BusinessError } from '@kit.BasicServicesKit';
    
    const TAG: string = '[Page_UIAbilityComponentsInteractive]';
    const DOMAIN_NUMBER: number = 0xFF00;
    
    @Entry
    @Component
    struct Page_UIAbilityComponentsInteractive {
      private context = getContext(this) as common.UIAbilityContext;
    
      build() {
        Column() {
          //...
          List({ initialIndex: 0 }) {
            ListItem() {
              Row() {
                //...
              }
              .onClick(() => {
                // context为Ability对象的成员,在非Ability对象内部调用需要
                // 将Context对象传递过去
                let wantInfo: Want = {
                  deviceId: '', // deviceId为空表示本设备
                  bundleName: 'com.samples.stagemodelabilitydevelop',
                  moduleName: 'entry', // moduleName非必选
                  abilityName: 'FuncAbilityA',
                  parameters: {
                    // 自定义信息
                    info: '来自EntryAbility Page_UIAbilityComponentsInteractive页面'
                  },
                };
                // context为调用方UIAbility的UIAbilityContext
                this.context.startAbility(wantInfo).then(() => {
                  hilog.info(DOMAIN_NUMBER, TAG, 'startAbility success.');
                }).catch((error: BusinessError) => {
                  hilog.error(DOMAIN_NUMBER, TAG, 'startAbility failed.');
                });
              })
            }
            //...
          }
          //...
        }
        //...
      }
    }
  2. 在FuncAbility的onCreate()或者onNewWant()生命周期回调文件中接收EntryAbility传递过来的参数。

    import { AbilityConstant, UIAbility, Want } from '@kit.AbilityKit';
    
    export default class FuncAbilityA extends UIAbility {
      onCreate(want: Want, launchParam: AbilityConstant.LaunchParam): void {
        // 接收调用方UIAbility传过来的参数
        let funcAbilityWant = want;
        let info = funcAbilityWant?.parameters?.info;
      }
      //...
    }
    说明

    在被拉起的FuncAbility中,可以通过获取传递过来的want参数的parameters来获取拉起方UIAbility的PID、Bundle Name等信息。

  3. 在FuncAbility业务完成之后,如需要停止当前UIAbility实例,在FuncAbility中通过调用terminateSelf()方法实现。

    import { common } from '@kit.AbilityKit';
    import { hilog } from '@kit.PerformanceAnalysisKit';
    
    const TAG: string = '[Page_FromStageModel]';
    const DOMAIN_NUMBER: number = 0xFF00;
    
    @Entry
    @Component
    struct Page_FromStageModel {
      build() {
        Column() {
          //...
          Button('FuncAbilityB')
            .onClick(() => {
              let context: common.UIAbilityContext = getContext(this) as common.UIAbilityContext; // UIAbilityContext
              // context为需要停止的UIAbility实例的AbilityContext
              context.terminateSelf((err) => {
                if (err.code) {
                  hilog.error(DOMAIN_NUMBER, TAG, `Failed to terminate self. Code is ${err.code}, message is ${err.message}`);
                  return;
                }
              });
            })
        }
        //...
      }
    }
    说明

    调用terminateSelf()方法停止当前UIAbility实例时,默认会保留该实例的快照(Snapshot),即在最近任务列表中仍然能查看到该实例对应的任务。如不需要保留该实例的快照,可以在其对应UIAbility的module.json5配置文件中,将abilities标签的removeMissionAfterTerminate字段配置为true。

  4. 如需要关闭应用所有的UIAbility实例,可以调用ApplicationContextkillAllProcesses()方法实现关闭应用所有的进程。

 

启动应用内的UIAbility并获取返回结果

在一个EntryAbility启动另外一个FuncAbility时,希望在被启动的FuncAbility完成相关业务后,能将结果返回给调用方。例如在应用中将入口功能和账号登录功能分别设计为两个独立的UIAbility,在账号登录UIAbility中完成登录操作后,需要将登录的结果返回给入口UIAbility。

  1. 在EntryAbility中,调用startAbilityForResult()接口启动FuncAbility,异步回调中的data用于接收FuncAbility停止自身后返回给EntryAbility的信息。示例中的context的获取方式请参见获取UIAbility的上下文信息

    import { common, Want } from '@kit.AbilityKit';
    import { hilog } from '@kit.PerformanceAnalysisKit';
    import { promptAction } from '@kit.ArkUI';
    import { BusinessError } from '@kit.BasicServicesKit';
    
    const TAG: string = '[Page_UIAbilityComponentsInteractive]';
    const DOMAIN_NUMBER: number = 0xFF00;
    
    @Entry
    @Component
    struct Page_UIAbilityComponentsInteractive {
      build() {
        Column() {
          //...
          List({ initialIndex: 0 }) {
            ListItem() {
              Row() {
                //...
              }
              .onClick(() => {
                let context: common.UIAbilityContext = getContext(this) as common.UIAbilityContext; // UIAbilityContext
                const RESULT_CODE: number = 1001;
                let want: Want = {
                  deviceId: '', // deviceId为空表示本设备
                  bundleName: 'com.samples.stagemodelabilitydevelop',
                  moduleName: 'entry', // moduleName非必选
                  abilityName: 'FuncAbilityA',
                  parameters: {
                    // 自定义信息
                    info: '来自EntryAbility UIAbilityComponentsInteractive页面'
                  }
                };
                context.startAbilityForResult(want).then((data) => {
                  if (data?.resultCode === RESULT_CODE) {
                    // 解析被调用方UIAbility返回的信息
                    let info = data.want?.parameters?.info;
                    hilog.info(DOMAIN_NUMBER, TAG, JSON.stringify(info) ?? '');
                    if (info !== null) {
                      promptAction.showToast({
                        message: JSON.stringify(info)
                      });
                    }
                  }
                  hilog.info(DOMAIN_NUMBER, TAG, JSON.stringify(data.resultCode) ?? '');
                }).catch((err: BusinessError) => {
                  hilog.error(DOMAIN_NUMBER, TAG, `Failed to start ability for result. Code is ${err.code}, message is ${err.message}`);
                });
              })
            }
            //...
          }
          //...
        }
        //...
      }
    }
  2. 在FuncAbility停止自身时,需要调用terminateSelfWithResult()方法,入参abilityResult为FuncAbility需要返回给EntryAbility的信息。

    import { common } from '@kit.AbilityKit';
    import { hilog } from '@kit.PerformanceAnalysisKit';
    
    const TAG: string = '[Page_FuncAbilityA]';
    const DOMAIN_NUMBER: number = 0xFF00;
    
    @Entry
    @Component
    struct Page_FuncAbilityA {
      build() {
        Column() {
          //...
          List({ initialIndex: 0 }) {
            ListItem() {
              Row() {
                //...
              }
              .onClick(() => {
                let context: common.UIAbilityContext = getContext(this) as common.UIAbilityContext; // UIAbilityContext
                const RESULT_CODE: number = 1001;
                let abilityResult: common.AbilityResult = {
                  resultCode: RESULT_CODE,
                  want: {
                    bundleName: 'com.samples.stagemodelabilitydevelop',
                    moduleName: 'entry', // moduleName非必选
                    abilityName: 'FuncAbilityB',
                    parameters: {
                      info: '来自FuncAbility Index页面'
                    },
                  },
                };
                context.terminateSelfWithResult(abilityResult, (err) => {
                  if (err.code) {
                    hilog.error(DOMAIN_NUMBER, TAG, `Failed to terminate self with result. Code is ${err.code}, message is ${err.message}`);
                    return;
                  }
                });
              })
            }
            //...
          }
          //...
        }
        //...
      }
    }
  3. FuncAbility停止自身后,EntryAbility通过startAbilityForResult()方法回调接收被FuncAbility返回的信息,RESULT_CODE需要与前面的数值保持一致。

     
    import { common, Want } from '@kit.AbilityKit';
    import { hilog } from '@kit.PerformanceAnalysisKit';
    import { promptAction } from '@kit.ArkUI';
    import { BusinessError } from '@kit.BasicServicesKit';
    
    const TAG: string = '[Page_UIAbilityComponentsInteractive]';
    const DOMAIN_NUMBER: number = 0xFF00;
    
    @Entry
    @Component
    struct Page_UIAbilityComponentsInteractive {
      build() {
        Column() {
          //...
          List({ initialIndex: 0 }) {
            ListItem() {
              Row() {
                //...
              }
              .onClick(() => {
                let context: common.UIAbilityContext = getContext(this) as common.UIAbilityContext; // UIAbilityContext
                const RESULT_CODE: number = 1001;
    
                let want: Want = {
                  deviceId: '', // deviceId为空表示本设备
                  bundleName: 'com.samples.stagemodelabilitydevelop',
                  moduleName: 'entry', // moduleName非必选
                  abilityName: 'FuncAbilityA',
                  parameters: {
                    // 自定义信息
                    info: '来自EntryAbility UIAbilityComponentsInteractive页面'
                  }
                };
                context.startAbilityForResult(want).then((data) => {
                  if (data?.resultCode === RESULT_CODE) {
                    // 解析被调用方UIAbility返回的信息
                    let info = data.want?.parameters?.info;
                    hilog.info(DOMAIN_NUMBER, TAG, JSON.stringify(info) ?? '');
                    if (info !== null) {
                      promptAction.showToast({
                        message: JSON.stringify(info)
                      });
                    }
                  }
                  hilog.info(DOMAIN_NUMBER, TAG, JSON.stringify(data.resultCode) ?? '');
                }).catch((err: BusinessError) => {
                  hilog.error(DOMAIN_NUMBER, TAG, `Failed to start ability for result. Code is ${err.code}, message is ${err.message}`);
                });
              })
            }
            //...
          }
          //...
        }
        //...
      }
    }

 

启动UIAbility的指定页面

 

概述

一个UIAbility可以对应多个页面,在不同的场景下启动该UIAbility时需要展示不同的页面,例如从一个UIAbility的页面中跳转到另外一个UIAbility时,希望启动目标UIAbility的指定页面。

UIAbility的启动分为两种情况:UIAbility冷启动和UIAbility热启动。

  • UIAbility冷启动:指的是UIAbility实例处于完全关闭状态下被启动,这需要完整地加载和初始化UIAbility实例的代码、资源等。
  • UIAbility热启动:指的是UIAbility实例已经启动并在前台运行过,由于某些原因切换到后台,再次启动该UIAbility实例,这种情况下可以快速恢复UIAbility实例的状态。

本文主要讲解目标UIAbility冷启动目标UIAbility热启动两种启动指定页面的场景,以及在讲解启动指定页面之前会讲解到在调用方如何指定启动页面。

 

调用方UIAbility指定启动页面

调用方UIAbility启动另外一个UIAbility时,通常需要跳转到指定的页面。例如FuncAbility包含两个页面(Index对应首页,Second对应功能A页面),此时需要在传入的want参数中配置指定的页面路径信息,可以通过want中的parameters参数增加一个自定义参数传递页面跳转信息。示例中的context的获取方式请参见获取UIAbility的上下文信息

import { common, Want } from '@kit.AbilityKit';
import { hilog } from '@kit.PerformanceAnalysisKit';
import { BusinessError } from '@kit.BasicServicesKit';

const TAG: string = '[Page_UIAbilityComponentsInteractive]';
const DOMAIN_NUMBER: number = 0xFF00;

@Entry
@Component
struct Page_UIAbilityComponentsInteractive {
  build() {
    Column() {
      //...
      List({ initialIndex: 0 }) {
        ListItem() {
          Row() {
            //...
          }
          .onClick(() => {
            let context: common.UIAbilityContext = getContext(this) as common.UIAbilityContext; // UIAbilityContext
            let want: Want = {
              deviceId: '', // deviceId为空表示本设备
              bundleName: 'com.samples.stagemodelabilityinteraction',
              moduleName: 'entry', // moduleName非必选
              abilityName: 'FuncAbility',
              parameters: { // 自定义参数传递页面信息
                router: 'funcA'
              }
            };
            // context为调用方UIAbility的UIAbilityContext
            context.startAbility(want).then(() => {
              hilog.info(DOMAIN_NUMBER, TAG, 'Succeeded in starting ability.');
            }).catch((err: BusinessError) => {
              hilog.error(DOMAIN_NUMBER, TAG, `Failed to start ability. Code is ${err.code}, message is ${err.message}`);
            });
          })
        }
        //...
      }
      //...
    }
    //...
  }
}

 

目标UIAbility冷启动

目标UIAbility冷启动时,在目标UIAbility的onCreate()生命周期回调中,接收调用方传过来的参数。然后在目标UIAbility的onWindowStageCreate()生命周期回调中,解析调用方传递过来的want参数,获取到需要加载的页面信息url,传入windowStage.loadContent()方法。

import { AbilityConstant, Want, UIAbility } from '@kit.AbilityKit';
import { hilog } from '@kit.PerformanceAnalysisKit';
import { window, UIContext } from '@kit.ArkUI';

const DOMAIN_NUMBER: number = 0xFF00;
const TAG: string = '[EntryAbility]';

export default class EntryAbility extends UIAbility {
  funcAbilityWant: Want | undefined = undefined;
  uiContext: UIContext | undefined = undefined;

  onCreate(want: Want, launchParam: AbilityConstant.LaunchParam): void {
    // 接收调用方UIAbility传过来的参数
    this.funcAbilityWant = want;
  }

  onWindowStageCreate(windowStage: window.WindowStage): void {
    // Main window is created, set main page for this ability
    hilog.info(DOMAIN_NUMBER, TAG, '%{public}s', 'Ability onWindowStageCreate');
    // Main window is created, set main page for this ability
    let url = 'pages/Index';
    if (this.funcAbilityWant?.parameters?.router && this.funcAbilityWant.parameters.router === 'funcA') {
      url = 'pages/Page_ColdStartUp';
    }
    windowStage.loadContent(url, (err, data) => {
      // ...
    });
  }
}

 

目标UIAbility热启动

在应用开发中,会遇到目标UIAbility实例之前已经启动过的场景,这时再次启动目标UIAbility时,不会重新走初始化逻辑,只会直接触发onNewWant()生命周期方法。为了实现跳转到指定页面,需要在onNewWant()中解析参数进行处理。

例如短信应用和联系人应用配合使用的场景。

  1. 用户先打开短信应用,短信应用的UIAbility实例启动,显示短信应用的主页。
  2. 用户将设备回到桌面界面,短信应用进入后台运行状态。
  3. 用户打开联系人应用,找到联系人张三。
  4. 用户点击联系人张三的短信按钮,会重新启动短信应用的UIAbility实例。
  5. 由于短信应用的UIAbility实例已经启动过了,此时会触发该UIAbility的onNewWant()回调,而不会再走onCreate()onWindowStageCreate()等初始化逻辑。

图1 目标UIAbility热启动

开发步骤如下所示。

  1. 冷启动短信应用的UIAbility实例时,在onWindowStageCreate()生命周期回调中,通过调用getUIContext()接口获取UI上下文实例UIContext对象。

    import { hilog } from '@kit.PerformanceAnalysisKit';
    import { Want, UIAbility } from '@kit.AbilityKit';
    import { window, UIContext } from '@kit.ArkUI';
    
    const DOMAIN_NUMBER: number = 0xFF00;
    const TAG: string = '[EntryAbility]';
    
    export default class EntryAbility extends UIAbility {
      funcAbilityWant: Want | undefined = undefined;
      uiContext: UIContext | undefined = undefined;
    
      // ...
    
      onWindowStageCreate(windowStage: window.WindowStage): void {
        // Main window is created, set main page for this ability
        hilog.info(DOMAIN_NUMBER, TAG, '%{public}s', 'Ability onWindowStageCreate');
        let url = 'pages/Index';
        if (this.funcAbilityWant?.parameters?.router && this.funcAbilityWant.parameters.router === 'funcA') {
          url = 'pages/Page_ColdStartUp';
        }
    
        windowStage.loadContent(url, (err, data) => {
          if (err.code) {
            return;
          }
    
          let windowClass: window.Window;
          windowStage.getMainWindow((err, data) => {
            if (err.code) {
              hilog.error(DOMAIN_NUMBER, TAG, `Failed to obtain the main window. Code is ${err.code}, message is ${err.message}`);
              return;
            }
            windowClass = data;
            this.uiContext = windowClass.getUIContext();
          });
          hilog.info(DOMAIN_NUMBER, TAG, 'Succeeded in loading the content. Data: %{public}s', JSON.stringify(data) ?? '');
        });
      }
    }
  2. 在短信应用UIAbility的onNewWant()回调中解析调用方传递过来的want参数,通过调用UIContext中的getRouter()方法获取Router对象,并进行指定页面的跳转。此时再次启动该短信应用的UIAbility实例时,即可跳转到该短信应用的UIAbility实例的指定页面。

    import { AbilityConstant, Want, UIAbility } from '@kit.AbilityKit';
    import { hilog } from '@kit.PerformanceAnalysisKit';
    import type { Router, UIContext } from '@kit.ArkUI';
    import type { BusinessError } from '@kit.BasicServicesKit';
    
    const DOMAIN_NUMBER: number = 0xFF00;
    const TAG: string = '[EntryAbility]';
    
    export default class EntryAbility extends UIAbility {
      funcAbilityWant: Want | undefined = undefined;
      uiContext: UIContext | undefined = undefined;
      // ...
      onNewWant(want: Want, launchParam: AbilityConstant.LaunchParam): void {
        if (want?.parameters?.router && want.parameters.router === 'funcA') {
          let funcAUrl = 'pages/Page_HotStartUp';
          if (this.uiContext) {
            let router: Router = this.uiContext.getRouter();
            router.pushUrl({
              url: funcAUrl
            }).catch((err: BusinessError) => {
              hilog.error(DOMAIN_NUMBER, TAG, `Failed to push url. Code is ${err.code}, message is ${err.message}`);
            });
          }
        }
      }
    }
说明

当被调用方UIAbility组件启动模式设置为multiton启动模式时,每次启动都会创建一个新的实例,那么onNewWant()回调就不会被用到。

 

posted @ 2024-10-21 21:29  为敢技术  阅读(14)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报