[Swift]LeetCode1307. 口算难题 | Verbal Arithmetic Puzzle

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Given an equation, represented by words on left side and the result on right side.

You need to check if the equation is solvable under the following rules:

Each character is decoded as one digit (0 - 9).
Every pair of different characters they must map to different digits.
Each words[i] and result are decoded as one number without leading zeros.
Sum of numbers on left side (words) will equal to the number on right side (result). 
Return True if the equation is solvable otherwise return False.

 

Example 1:

Input: words = ["SEND","MORE"], result = "MONEY"
Output: true
Explanation: Map 'S'-> 9, 'E'->5, 'N'->6, 'D'->7, 'M'->1, 'O'->0, 'R'->8, 'Y'->'2'
Such that: "SEND" + "MORE" = "MONEY" , 9567 + 1085 = 10652
Example 2:

Input: words = ["SIX","SEVEN","SEVEN"], result = "TWENTY"
Output: true
Explanation: Map 'S'-> 6, 'I'->5, 'X'->0, 'E'->8, 'V'->7, 'N'->2, 'T'->1, 'W'->'3', 'Y'->4
Such that: "SIX" + "SEVEN" + "SEVEN" = "TWENTY" , 650 + 68782 + 68782 = 138214
Example 3:

Input: words = ["THIS","IS","TOO"], result = "FUNNY"
Output: true
Example 4:

Input: words = ["LEET","CODE"], result = "POINT"
Output: false
 

Constraints:

2 <= words.length <= 5
1 <= words[i].length, result.length <= 7
words[i], result contains only upper case English letters.
Number of different characters used on the expression is at most 10.

---

给你一个方程，左边用 words 表示，右边用 result 表示。

你需要根据以下规则检查方程是否可解：

每个字符都会被解码成一位数字（0 - 9）。
每对不同的字符必须映射到不同的数字。
每个 words[i] 和 result 都会被解码成一个没有前导零的数字。
左侧数字之和（words）等于右侧数字（result）。 
如果方程可解，返回 True，否则返回 False。

 

示例 1：

输入：words = ["SEND","MORE"], result = "MONEY"
输出：true
解释：映射 'S'-> 9, 'E'->5, 'N'->6, 'D'->7, 'M'->1, 'O'->0, 'R'->8, 'Y'->'2'
所以 "SEND" + "MORE" = "MONEY" , 9567 + 1085 = 10652
示例 2：

输入：words = ["SIX","SEVEN","SEVEN"], result = "TWENTY"
输出：true
解释：映射 'S'-> 6, 'I'->5, 'X'->0, 'E'->8, 'V'->7, 'N'->2, 'T'->1, 'W'->'3', 'Y'->4
所以 "SIX" + "SEVEN" + "SEVEN" = "TWENTY" , 650 + 68782 + 68782 = 138214
示例 3：

输入：words = ["THIS","IS","TOO"], result = "FUNNY"
输出：true
示例 4：

输入：words = ["LEET","CODE"], result = "POINT"
输出：false
 

提示：

2 <= words.length <= 5
1 <= words[i].length, results.length <= 7
words[i], result 只含有大写英文字母
表达式中使用的不同字符数最大为 10