[Swift]LeetCode472. 连接词 | Concatenated Words

★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★
➤微信公众号：山青咏芝（shanqingyongzhi）
➤博客园地址：山青咏芝（https://www.cnblogs.com/strengthen/）
➤GitHub地址：https://github.com/strengthen/LeetCode
➤原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/strengthen/p/10347611.html 
➤如果链接不是山青咏芝的博客园地址，则可能是爬取作者的文章。
➤原文已修改更新！强烈建议点击原文地址阅读！支持作者！支持原创！
★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★

热烈欢迎，请直接点击！！！

进入博主App Store主页，下载使用各个作品！！！

注：博主将坚持每月上线一个新app！！！

Given a list of words (without duplicates), please write a program that returns all concatenated words in the given list of words.

A concatenated word is defined as a string that is comprised entirely of at least two shorter words in the given array.

Example:

Input: ["cat","cats","catsdogcats","dog","dogcatsdog","hippopotamuses","rat","ratcatdogcat"]

Output: ["catsdogcats","dogcatsdog","ratcatdogcat"]

Explanation: "catsdogcats" can be concatenated by "cats", "dog" and "cats"; 
 "dogcatsdog" can be concatenated by "dog", "cats" and "dog"; 
"ratcatdogcat" can be concatenated by "rat", "cat", "dog" and "cat". 

Note:

1. The number of elements of the given array will not exceed 10,000
2. The length sum of elements in the given array will not exceed 600,000.
3. All the input string will only include lower case letters.
4. The returned elements order does not matter.

---

给定一个不含重复单词的列表，编写一个程序，返回给定单词列表中所有的连接词。

连接词的定义为：一个字符串完全是由至少两个给定数组中的单词组成的。

示例:

输入: ["cat","cats","catsdogcats","dog","dogcatsdog","hippopotamuses","rat","ratcatdogcat"]

输出: ["catsdogcats","dogcatsdog","ratcatdogcat"]

解释: "catsdogcats"由"cats", "dog" 和 "cats"组成; 
     "dogcatsdog"由"dog", "cats"和"dog"组成; 
     "ratcatdogcat"由"rat", "cat", "dog"和"cat"组成。

说明:

1. 给定数组的元素总数不超过 10000。
2. 给定数组中元素的长度总和不超过 600000。
3. 所有输入字符串只包含小写字母。
4. 不需要考虑答案输出的顺序。

---

Runtime: 8332 ms

Memory Usage: 10.2 MB

class Solution {
    func findAllConcatenatedWordsInADict(_ words: [String]) -> [String] {
        var res:[String] = [String]()
        var dict:Set<String> = Set(words)
        for word in words
        {
            var n:Int = word.count
            if n == 0 {continue}
            var dp:[Bool] = [Bool](repeating:false,count:n + 1)
            dp[0] = true
            for i in 0..<n
            {
                if !dp[i] {continue}
                for j in (i + 1)...n
                {
                    var str:String = word.subString(i, j - i)
                    if j - i < n && dict.contains(str)
                    {
                        dp[j] = true
                    }
                }
                if dp[n] 
                {
                    res.append(word)
                    break
                }
            }
        }
        return res
    }
}

extension String {
    // 截取字符串：指定索引和字符数
    // - begin: 开始截取处索引
    // - count: 截取的字符数量
    func subString(_ begin:Int,_ count:Int) -> String {
        let start = self.index(self.startIndex, offsetBy: max(0, begin))
        let end = self.index(self.startIndex, offsetBy:  min(self.count, begin + count))
        return String(self[start..<end]) 
    }
}