队列 & 栈//设计循环队列
设计你的循环队列实现。 循环队列是一种线性数据结构,其操作表现基于 FIFO(先进先出)原则并且队尾被连接在队首之后以形成一个循环。它也被称为“环形缓冲器”。
循环队列的一个好处是我们可以利用这个队列之前用过的空间。在一个普通队列里,一旦一个队列满了,我们就不能插入下一个元素,即使在队列前面仍有空间。但是使用循环队列,我们能使用这些空间去存储新的值。
你的实现应该支持如下操作:
- MyCircularQueue(k): 构造器,设置队列长度为 k 。
- Front: 从队首获取元素。如果队列为空,返回 -1 。
- Rear: 获取队尾元素。如果队列为空,返回 -1 。
- enQueue(value): 向循环队列插入一个元素。如果成功插入则返回真。
- deQueue(): 从循环队列中删除一个元素。如果成功删除则返回真。
- isEmpty(): 检查循环队列是否为空。
- isFull(): 检查循环队列是否已满。
示例:
MyCircularQueue circularQueue = new MycircularQueue(3); // 设置长度为3
circularQueue.enQueue(1); // 返回true
circularQueue.enQueue(2); // 返回true
circularQueue.enQueue(3); // 返回true
circularQueue.enQueue(4); // 返回false,队列已满
circularQueue.Rear(); // 返回3
circularQueue.isFull(); // 返回true
circularQueue.deQueue(); // 返回true
circularQueue.enQueue(4); // 返回true
circularQueue.Rear(); // 返回4
提示:
- 所有的值都在 1 至 1000 的范围内;
- 操作数将在 1 至 1000 的范围内;
- 请不要使用内置的队列库。
Java:
class MyCircularQueue {
int[] queue;
int front, rear, count;
/** Initialize your data structure here. Set the size of the queue to be k. */
public MyCircularQueue(int k) {
queue = new int[k];
}
/** Insert an element into the circular queue. Return true if the operation is successful. */
public boolean enQueue(int value) {
if(isFull())
return false;
else
queue[rear] = value;
rear = (rear+1)%queue.length;
count++;
return true;
}
/** Delete an element from the circular queue. Return true if the operation is successful. */
public boolean deQueue() {
if(isEmpty())
return false;
front = (front+1)%queue.length;
count--;
return true;
}
/** Get the front item from the queue. */
public int Front() {
if(isEmpty())
return -1;
return queue[front];
}
/** Get the last item from the queue. */
public int Rear() {
if(isEmpty())
return -1;
else
return rear == 0?queue[queue.length-1]:queue[rear-1];
}
/** Checks whether the circular queue is empty or not. */
public boolean isEmpty() {
return count == 0;
}
/** Checks whether the circular queue is full or not. */
public boolean isFull() {
return count == queue.length;
}
}
/**
* Your MyCircularQueue object will be instantiated and called as such:
* MyCircularQueue obj = new MyCircularQueue(k);
* boolean param_1 = obj.enQueue(value);
* boolean param_2 = obj.deQueue();
* int param_3 = obj.Front();
* int param_4 = obj.Rear();
* boolean param_5 = obj.isEmpty();
* boolean param_6 = obj.isFull();
*/
C++:
class MyCircularQueue {
private:
int size;
vector<int> q;
public:
/** Initialize your data structure here. Set the size of the queue to be k. */
MyCircularQueue(int k) {
size = k;
}
/** Insert an element into the circular queue. Return true if the operation is successful. */
bool enQueue(int value) {
if(isFull()){
return false;
}
q.push_back(value);
return true;
}
/** Delete an element from the circular queue. Return true if the operation is successful. */
bool deQueue() {
if(isEmpty())
return false;
q.erase(q.begin());
return true;
}
/** Get the front item from the queue. */
int Front() {
if(isEmpty())
return -1;
else
return q.front();
}
/** Get the last item from the queue. */
int Rear() {
if(isEmpty())
return -1;
else
return q.back();
}
/** Checks whether the circular queue is empty or not. */
bool isEmpty() {
return q.size() == 0;
}
/** Checks whether the circular queue is full or not. */
bool isFull() {
return q.size() == size;
}
};
/**
* Your MyCircularQueue object will be instantiated and called as such:
* MyCircularQueue obj = new MyCircularQueue(k);
* bool param_1 = obj.enQueue(value);
* bool param_2 = obj.deQueue();
* int param_3 = obj.Front();
* int param_4 = obj.Rear();
* bool param_5 = obj.isEmpty();
* bool param_6 = obj.isFull();
*/
class MyCircularQueue {
private:
int *data; // 存放循环队列的数据
int head; // 循环队列头
int tail; // 循环队列尾
int len; // 循环队列的最大长度
int count; // 循环队列的元素个数
public:
/** Initialize your data structure here. Set the size of the queue to be k. */
MyCircularQueue(int k) {
data = new int[k];
head = 0;
tail = 0;
len = k;
count = 0;
}
/** Insert an element into the circular queue. Return true if the operation is successful. */
bool enQueue(int value) {
if (isFull()) //循环队列满
{
return false;
}
else // 插入元素到队尾,队尾索引值增一,元素个数增一
{
data[tail] = value;
count++;
tail = (tail + 1) % len;
return true;
}
}
/** Delete an element from the circular queue. Return true if the operation is successful. */
bool deQueue() {
if (isEmpty()) //循环队列空
{
return false;
}
else // 队头索引值增一,元素个数减一
{
head = (head + 1) % len;
count--;
return true;
}
}
/** Get the front item from the queue. */
int Front() {
if (isEmpty()) //循环队列空
{
return -1;
}
else
{
return data[head];
}
}
/** Get the last item from the queue. */
int Rear() {
if (isEmpty()) //循环队列空
{
return -1;
}
// 队尾元素位于队尾索引值减一的位置,但若队尾循环到索引 0 的位置,队尾元素位于数组最后
else
{
int temp = tail == 0 ? (len-1) : (tail-1);
return data[temp];
}
}
/** Checks whether the circular queue is empty or not. */
bool isEmpty() {
return count == 0; // 队列元素个数为零,队列空
}
/** Checks whether the circular queue is full or not. */
bool isFull() {
return count == len; // 队列元素个数为数组最大长度,队列满
}
};
/**
* Your MyCircularQueue object will be instantiated and called as such:
* MyCircularQueue obj = new MyCircularQueue(k);
* bool param_1 = obj.enQueue(value);
* bool param_2 = obj.deQueue();
* int param_3 = obj.Front();
* int param_4 = obj.Rear();
* bool param_5 = obj.isEmpty();
* bool param_6 = obj.isFull();
*/