通过Rman catalog 创建及管理Oracle数据库备份

基本环境信息
target DB (需备份数据库)
192.168.199.67
ORACLE_SID=zgw
HOSTNAME=Oracle11


catlog DB (备份管理数据库)
192.168.199.68
ORACLE_SID=rman
HOSTNAME=Oracle11_2


创建rman账号及相关设置
sqlplus / as sysdba

select file_name, tablespace_name from dba_data_files group by tablespace_name;

create tablespace catalog_tb datafile     
  '/opt/oracle/oradata/rman/catalog_tb01.dbf' size 50M;
  
create user rman identified by rman default tablespace catalog_tb;
grant recovery_catalog_owner to rman;
alter user rman quota unlimited on catalog_tb;
grant dba to rman;
grant connect,resource to rman;

配置catalog服务器tnsname.org文件
vi $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
RMAN = 
  (DESCRIPTION =    
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost.localdomain)(PORT = 1521))    
    (CONNECT_DATA =    
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)    
      (SERVICE_NAME = rman)    
    )    
  ) 


ZGW =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.199.67)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = zgw)
    )
  )

连接rman并创建catalog信息及注册数据库  
rman catalog rman/rman target sys/oracle@zgw  

RMAN> create catalog;

recovery catalog created
========================
SQL> show user
USER is "RMAN"
SQL> select count(*) from tab;

  COUNT(*)
----------
       142
=========================
RMAN> register database;

database registered in recovery catalog
starting full resync of recovery catalog
full resync complete

查看target数据库的信息
RMAN> list incarnation;

List of Database Incarnations
DB Key  Inc Key DB Name  DB ID            STATUS  Reset SCN  Reset Time
------- ------- -------- ---------------- --- ---------- ----------
2       19      ZGW      4066279841       PARENT  1          15-AUG-09
2       4       ZGW      4066279841       CURRENT 945184     18-MAY-15

RMAN> report schema;

Report of database schema for database with db_unique_name ZGW

List of Permanent Datafiles
===========================
File Size(MB) Tablespace           RB segs Datafile Name
---- -------- -------------------- ------- ------------------------
1    680      SYSTEM               YES     /opt/oracle/oradata/zgw/system01.dbf
2    530      SYSAUX               NO      /opt/oracle/oradata/zgw/sysaux01.dbf
3    90       UNDOTBS1             YES     /opt/oracle/oradata/zgw/undotbs01.dbf
4    5        USERS                NO      /opt/oracle/oradata/zgw/users01.dbf

List of Temporary Files
=======================
File Size(MB) Tablespace           Maxsize(MB) Tempfile Name
---- -------- -------------------- ----------- --------------------
1    29       TEMP                 32767       /opt/oracle/oradata/zgw/temp01.dbf

备份脚本
[oracle@Oracle11_2 scripts]$ cat rman_backup.sh 
#!/bin/bash 
#this is rman catalog auto full backup script  
#date 2015-06-02 

#环境变量
NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.AL32UTF8
ORACLE_SID=rman
ORACLE_BASE=/opt/oracle
ORACLE_HOME=/opt/oracle/11g
PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$HOME/bin
BAK_HOME=/backup
export ORACLE_SID ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_HOME NLS_LANG PATH

#时间戳
backtime=`date +"20%y%m%d%H%M%S"` 
#执行远程创建目录命令
ssh -l oracle Oracle11 "mkdir -p $BAK_HOME/$backtime"

cd $ORACLE_HOME/bin 
rman catalog rman/rman target sys/oracle@zgw log=$BAK_HOME/$backtime/backupall_$backtime.log <<EOF
run{ 
allocate channel c1 device type disk; 
allocate channel c2 device type disk;  
crosscheck backup; 
sql 'alter system archive log current'; 
backup database format '$BAK_HOME/$backtime/%d_%T_%U'; 
backup current controlfile format '$BAK_HOME/$backtime/%d_cntrl_%s_%p_%s'; 
backup spfile format '$BAK_HOME/$backtime/%d_spfile_%U.bak';
backup archivelog all format '$BAK_HOME/$backtime/%d_arc_%t_%s' delete all input;  
crosscheck archivelog all; 
delete noprompt expired backup; 
delete noprompt obsolete; 
delete noprompt backup of database completed before 'sysdate - 30'; 
release channel c1; 
release channel c2;  
} 
EOF
echo "backup complete!"

此脚本功能：
1.备份数据文件
2.备份spfile
3.备份控制文件
4.备份archivelog
5.清除已备份的archivelog文件
6.清除30天以前的备份记录

注意：
1.备份日志会写入rman本机的$BAK_HOME/$backtime/backupall_$backtime.log目录中。
2.备份数据写入target数据库服务器的$BAK_HOME/$backtime 目录中。
3.此脚本在rman服务器上执行。

参考：http://www.cnblogs.com/gaojian/p/3604814.html

http://blog.csdn.net/staricqxyz/article/details/8306447