Django入门
Django入门
学习了第一章《跟老齐学Python Django实战》 齐伟 编著
1，创建项目
django-admin startproject mysite
或者PyCharm新建DJango项目
2，与项目交互
python manage.py 回车，可以看到交互的内容
python manage.py startserver # 启动程序
修改端口
python manage.py startserver 9999
3，创建应用
python manage.py startapp blog
或者django-admin startapp blog
4，修改settings.py
添加应用 'blog',
修改编码 zh-hans
5，添加blog/models.py中的内容
from django.db import models
from django.utils import timezone
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
class BlogArticles(models.Model):
title = models.CharField(max_length=300)
author = models.ForeignKey(User, related_name="blog_posts")
body = models.TextField()
publish = models.DateTimeField(default=timezone.now)
class Meta:
ordering = ("-publish",)
def __str__(self):
return self.title
需要pip install pytz 来使用timezone
6，根据模型进行数据库迁移
python manage.py makemigrations # 数据库迁移准备
python manage.py sqlmigrate blog 0001 # 查看sql语句
python manage.py migrate # 进行迁移
7，创建超级用户
python manage.py createsuperuser
进行启动测试；
8，修改 blog/admin.py
from .models import BlogArticles
admin.site.register(BlogArticles)
进行启动测试；
9，修改 blog/admin.py增加效果
from .models import BlogArticles
class BlogArticlesAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
list_display = ("title", "author", "publish")
list_filter = ("publish","author")
search_fields = ("title","body")
raw_id_fields = ("author",)
date_hierarchy = "publish"
ordering = ['publish', 'author']
admin.site.register(BlogArticles, BlogArticlesAdmin)
10，修改 blog/views.py，增加视图函数
from .models import BlogArticles
def blog_title(request):
blogs = BlogArticles.objects.all()
return render(request, "blog/titles.html", {"blogs":blogs})
11，编写模板页面，注意文件需要存储为utf-8格式；
templates/base.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-cn">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge">
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-with, initial-scale=1">
<title>{%block title%}{%endblock%}</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="http://necolas.github.io/normalize.css/">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css">
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
{%block content%}
{%endblock%}
</div>
<script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/jquery/3.2.1/jquery.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
</body>
</html>
templates/blog/index.html # 必须加个blog文件夹，否则不同app下面的index.html页面会重复
{% extends "base.html" %}
{% block title %}blog titles{% endblock %}
{% block content %}
<div class="row text-center vertical-middle-sm">
<h1>我的博客</h1>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-xs-12 col-md-8">
<ul>
{% for blog in blogs %}
<li>{{blog.title}}</li>
{% endfor %}
</ul>
</div>
<div class="col-xs-6 col-md-4">
<h2>广告</h2>
<p>跟老齐学：www.itdiffer.com</p>
<img width="200px" src="http://www.mrwallpaper.com/wallpapers/Fluffy-Cat.jpg">
</div>
</div>
{% endblock %}
12，修改urls.py，引入blog.urls
from django.conf.urls import url, include
url(r'^blog/',include('blog.urls', namespace='blog', app_name='blog')),
13，修改titles.html，增加文件详情标签
<li><a href="{{blog.id}}">{{blog.title}}</a></li>
14，增加详情模板blog/content.html
{% extends "base.html" %}
{% block title %}blog article{% endblock %}
{% block content %}
<div class="row text-center vertical-middle-sm">
<h1>{{article.title}}</h1>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-xs-12 col-md-8">
<p class="text-center"><span>{{article.author.username}}</span><span style="margin-left:20px">{{publish}}</span></p>
<div>{{article.body}}</div>
</div>
<div class="col-xs-6 col-md-4">
<h2>广告</h2>
<p>跟老齐学：www.itdiffer.com</p>
<img width="200px" src="http://www.mrwallpaper.com/wallpapers/Fluffy-Cat.jpg">
</div>
</div>
{% endblock %}
15，修改urls.py，引入content.html
url(r'(?P<article_id>\d)/$', views.blog_article, name="blog_detail")
16，在views.py中引入get_object_or_404
from django.shortcuts import render, get_object_or_404
修改获取对象的方法：
article = BlogArticles.objects.get(id=article_id) 修改为
article = get_object_or_404(BlogArticles, id=article_id)
