分区表MBR与GPT的说明：
MBR：主引导记录，是传统的分区机制，应用于绝大多数使用BIOS的PC设备，MBR+BIOS，MBR支持32位和64位系统，支持的分区数量有限，MBR只支持不超过2T的硬盘，超过2T的硬盘将只能用2T空间
GPT：全局唯一标识分区表，是一个较新的分区机制，解决了MBR很多缺点，支持超过2T的磁盘（64位寻址空间），fdisk最大只能建立2TB大小的分区，创建一个大于2TB的分区使用parted。向后兼容MBR，必须在支持UEFI的硬件上才能使用（Intel提出，用于取代BIOS），GPT+UEFI，必须使用64位系统，Mac、Linux系统都能支持GPT分区格式。Windows 7/8 64bit、Windows Server 2008 64bit支持GPT，当 GPT 分区的盘在老的只支持 mbr 的工具下查看时，也会读到分区信息，只不过看到的是只有一个分区，这是为了防止用户误认为盘是空盘。
以上就是Linux系统MBR和GPT分区的区别，总得来说GPT比MBR更先进，但MBR的兼容性比GPT要更好。
1.在Azure虚拟机中附加两块4TB的数据磁盘
2.系统版本信息：
[root@hlmcent74n ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS Linux release 7.4.1708 (Core)
3.使用命令"parted -l"或"fdisk -l"查看新附加磁盘的信息
4.使用命令"parted"对两块磁盘创建GPT类型的分区表，并进行分区
备注：由于parted内嵌的mkfs还不够完善，所以完成后，我们需要使用quit命令退出parted，并使用系统的mkfs命令对分区进行格式化，此时如果使用fdisk -l命令打印分区表会出现警告信息，这是正常的
[root@hlmcent74n ~]# parted /dev/sdc GNU Parted 3.1 Using /dev/sdc Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands. (parted) mklabel New disk label type? gpt (parted) mkpart Partition name? []? sdc1 File system type? [ext2]? ext4 Start? 0GB End? 4397GB (parted) p Model: Msft Virtual Disk (scsi) Disk /dev/sdc: 4397GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: gpt Disk Flags: Number Start End Size File system Name Flags 1 1049kB 4397GB 4397GB sdc1 (parted) q Information: You may need to update /etc/fstab. [root@hlmcent74n ~]# parted /dev/sdd GNU Parted 3.1 Using /dev/sdd Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands. (parted) mklabel New disk label type? gpt (parted) mkpart Partition name? []? sdd1 File system type? [ext2]? ext4 Start? 0GB End? 4397GB (parted) p Model: Msft Virtual Disk (scsi) Disk /dev/sdd: 4397GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: gpt Disk Flags: Number Start End Size File system Name Flags 1 1049kB 4397GB 4397GB sdd1 (parted) q Information: You may need to update /etc/fstab.
5. 再次使用命令"parted -l"查看磁盘分区信息，可以看到磁盘"/dev/sdc""/dev/sdd"已经成功分区
[root@hlmcent74n ~]# parted -l Model: Msft Virtual Disk (scsi) Disk /dev/sda: 32.2GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: msdos Disk Flags: Number Start End Size Type File system Flags 1 1049kB 525MB 524MB primary xfs boot 2 525MB 32.2GB 31.7GB primary xfs Model: Msft Virtual Disk (scsi) Disk /dev/sdb: 75.2GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: msdos Disk Flags: Number Start End Size Type File system Flags 1 1049kB 75.2GB 75.2GB primary ext4 Model: Msft Virtual Disk (scsi) Disk /dev/sdc: 4397GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: gpt Disk Flags: Number Start End Size File system Name Flags 1 1049kB 4397GB 4397GB sdc1 Model: Msft Virtual Disk (scsi) Disk /dev/sdd: 4397GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: gpt Disk Flags: Number Start End Size File system Name Flags 1 1049kB 4397GB 4397GB sdd1
6.使用命令"blkid"查看分区设备信息
[root@hlmcent74n ~]# blkid /dev/sdb1: UUID="03a52d9e-d3e3-49ab-abd1-894d1b74ce00" TYPE="ext4" /dev/sda1: UUID="e6a6edce-cf86-4b3c-a1f7-06dc28e9ba8c" TYPE="xfs" /dev/sda2: UUID="27a53870-f773-44d3-83b0-a18dfc3dd672" TYPE="xfs" /dev/sdc1: PARTLABEL="sdc1" PARTUUID="c18865a0-122e-46c6-8ea4-4bc750db3419" /dev/sdd1: PARTLABEL="sdd1" PARTUUID="2d402179-0590-4b61-b32d-a341f781958b"
7.使用命令"mdadm"创建Raid0
[root@hlmcent74n ~]# mdadm -C /dev/md127 -l 0 -n 2 /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdd1 mdadm: Defaulting to version 1.2 metadata mdadm: array /dev/md127 started.
8.使用命令"parted -l"或"fdisk -l"查看md127的大小
9.为/dev/md127创建ext4的文件系统
备注：为加快磁盘的格式化，加入参数"-T largefile"
[root@hlmcent74n ~]# mkfs.ext4 -T largefile /dev/md127 mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013) Filesystem label= OS type: Linux Block size=4096 (log=2) Fragment size=4096 (log=2) Stride=128 blocks, Stripe width=256 blocks 8386304 inodes, 2146892800 blocks 107344640 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user First data block=0 Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296 65518 block groups 32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group 128 inodes per group Superblock backups stored on blocks: 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208, 4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872, 71663616, 78675968, 102400000, 214990848, 512000000, 550731776, 644972544, 1934917632 Allocating group tables: done Writing inode tables: done Creating journal (32768 blocks): done Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
10.创建挂载点，并挂载Raid0使用
[root@hlmcent74n ~]# mkdir /mnt/md127 [root@hlmcent74n ~]# mount /dev/md127 /mnt/md127/
11.查看挂载情况及Raid设备的大小
[root@hlmcent74n ~]# mount | tail /dev/sda2 on / type xfs (rw,relatime,seclabel,attr2,inode64,noquota) selinuxfs on /sys/fs/selinux type selinuxfs (rw,relatime) systemd-1 on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type autofs (rw,relatime,fd=24,pgrp=1,timeout=0,minproto=5,maxproto=5,direct,pipe_ino=12701) hugetlbfs on /dev/hugepages type hugetlbfs (rw,relatime,seclabel) mqueue on /dev/mqueue type mqueue (rw,relatime,seclabel) debugfs on /sys/kernel/debug type debugfs (rw,relatime) /dev/sda1 on /boot type xfs (rw,relatime,seclabel,attr2,inode64,noquota) /dev/sdb1 on /mnt/resource type ext4 (rw,relatime,seclabel,data=ordered) tmpfs on /run/user/1000 type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,seclabel,size=170680k,mode=700,uid=1000,gid=1000) /dev/md127 on /mnt/md127 type ext4 (rw,relatime,seclabel,stripe=256,data=ordered)
[root@hlmcent74n ~]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda2 30G 1.5G 29G 5% / devtmpfs 823M 0 823M 0% /dev tmpfs 834M 0 834M 0% /dev/shm tmpfs 834M 8.4M 826M 1% /run tmpfs 834M 0 834M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup /dev/sda1 497M 79M 419M 16% /boot /dev/sdb1 69G 53M 66G 1% /mnt/resource tmpfs 167M 0 167M 0% /run/user/1000 /dev/md127 8.0T 93M 7.6T 1% /mnt/md127
参考链接：
http://blog.csdn.net/z_yttt/article/details/53020797
http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_6d55a74b0102xcip.html
I hear and I forget. I see and I remeber. I do and I understand!
