Oracle11g静默安装
oracle11g安装介质下载地址:
http://download.oracle.com/otn/nt/oracle11g/112010/linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip
http://download.oracle.com/otn/nt/oracle11g/112010/linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip
1 环境配置
1.1 依赖
1.1.1 依赖查看
| # 输入以下命令,查看依赖是否安装 |
| rpm -q binutils compat-libstdc++-33 elfutils-libelf elfutils-libelf-devel gcc gcc-c++ glibc-2.17 glibc-common glibc-devel glibc-headers ksh libaio libaio-devel libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel make sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel unzip |
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1.1.2 依赖安装
| yum install -y binutils compat-libstdc++-33 elfutils-libelf elfutils-libelf-devel gcc gcc-c++ glibc-2.17 glibc-common glibc-devel glibc-headers ksh libaio libaio-devel libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel make sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel unzip |
1.2 新增用户和组
| groupadd oinstall |
| groupadd dba |
| useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle |
| passwd oracle |
| # 输入密码oracle |
1.3 系统参数设置
1.3.1 linux内核
| # 备份 |
| cp /etc/sysctl.conf /etc/sysctl.conf.bak |
| |
| # 修改linux内核 |
| cat >> /etc/sysctl.conf << EOF |
| # 内核参数 |
| fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576 |
| fs.file-max = 6815744 |
| kernel.shmall = 8388608 |
| kernel.shmmax = 34359738368 |
| kernel.shmmni = 4096 |
| kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128 |
| net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 |
| net.core.rmem_default = 262144 |
| net.core.rmem_max = 4194304 |
| net.core.wmem_default = 262144 |
| net.core.wmem_max = 1048576 |
| EOF |
| |
| # 使参数生效 |
| sysctl -p |
1.3.2 关闭selinux
| # 备份 |
| cp /etc/selinux/config /etc/selinux/config.bak |
| # 查看 |
| grep ^SELINUX= /etc/selinux/config |
| # 关闭selinux |
| sed -i 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config |
| # 临时关闭 |
| setenforce 0 |
| # 查看状态 |
| getenforce |
1.3.3 关闭防火墙
| # 关闭防火墙 |
| systemctl stop firewalld |
| systemctl disable firewalld |
1.3.4 其他
| cp /etc/security/limits.conf /etc/security/limits.conf.bak |
| |
| cat >> /etc/security/limits.conf << EOF |
| oracle soft nproc 2047 |
| oracle hard nproc 16384 |
| oracle soft nofile 1024 |
| oracle hard nofile 65536 |
| oracle soft stack 10240 |
| EOF |
| |
| cp /etc/pam.d/login /etc/pam.d/login.bak |
| cat >> /etc/pam.d/login << EOF |
| session required /lib64/security/pam_limits.so |
| session required pam_limits.so |
| EOF |
| |
| cp /etc/profile /etc/profile.bak |
| cat >> /etc/profile << EOF |
| if [ \$USER = "oracle" ]; then |
| if [ \$SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then |
| ulimit -p 16384 |
| ulimit -n 65536 |
| else |
| ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536 |
| fi |
| fi |
| EOF |
| |
| source /etc/profile |
1.4 创建数据库相关目录并授权
| mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0 |
| mkdir /u01/app/oracle/oradata |
| mkdir /u01/app/oracle/inventory |
| mkdir /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area |
| chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle |
| chmod -R 775 /u01/app/oracle |
1.5 添加/etc/oraInst.loc文件
| cat > /etc/oraInst.loc << EOF |
| inventory_loc=/u01/app/oracle/oraInventory |
| inst_group=oinstall |
| EOF |
| |
| # 授权 |
| chown oracle:oinstall /etc/oraInst.loc |
| chmod 664 /etc/oraInst.loc |
2 介质安装
2.1 修改oracle环境变量
| su - oracle |
| |
| cp ~/.bash_profile ~/.bash_profile.bak |
| |
| cat >> ~/.bash_profile << EOF |
| ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle |
| ORACLE_HOME=\$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0 |
| ORACLE_SID=orcl |
| PATH=\$PATH:\$ORACLE_HOME/bin |
| export ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_HOME ORACLE_SID PATH |
| EOF |
| |
| source ~/.bash_profile |
2.2 安装包配置
| # 上传并解压文件 linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip |
| cd /tmp |
| unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip && unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip |
| |
| # 复制配置文件,修改权限 |
| cd /home/oracle/ |
| cp -R /tmp/database/response/ . |
| cd response/ |
| # 修改db_install.rsp内容 |
| sed -i 's/oracle.install.option=/oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY/g' db_install.rsp && \ |
| sed -i 's/UNIX_GROUP_NAME=/UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall/g' db_install.rsp && \ |
| sed -i 's/INVENTORY_LOCATION=/INVENTORY_LOCATION=\/u01\/app\/oracle\/inventory/g' db_install.rsp && \ |
| sed -i 's/SELECTED_LANGUAGES=/SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN/g' db_install.rsp && \ |
| sed -i 's/ORACLE_HOME=/ORACLE_HOME=\/u01\/app\/oracle\/product\/11.2.0/g' db_install.rsp && \ |
| sed -i 's/ORACLE_BASE=/ORACLE_BASE=\/u01\/app\/oracle/g' db_install.rsp && \ |
| sed -i 's/oracle\.install\.db\.InstallEdition=/oracle\.install\.db\.InstallEdition=EE/g' db_install.rsp && \ |
| sed -i 's/oracle\.install\.db\.DBA_GROUP=/oracle\.install\.db\.DBA_GROUP=dba/g' db_install.rsp && \ |
| sed -i 's/oracle\.install\.db\.OPER_GROUP=/oracle\.install\.db\.OPER_GROUP=dba/g' db_install.rsp && \ |
| sed -i 's/DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=/DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true/g' db_install.rsp |
2.3 执行安装
| cd /tmp/database/ |
| ./runInstaller -silent -responseFile /home/oracle/response/db_install.rsp -ignorePrereq |
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| # 安装完后使用root用户执行 |
| su root |
| sh /u01/app/oracle/inventory/orainstRoot.sh |
| sh /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/root.sh |
| |
| # 切换到oracle用户【配置监听】 |
| netca /silent /responsefile /home/oracle/response/netca.rsp |
成功运行后,在/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/network/admin/中生成listener.ora和sqlnet.ora
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| # 配置监听后,可以查看1521端口是否启动 |
| ss -ntlp | grep 1521 |
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3 数据库实例安装
以静默方式建立新库,同时也建立一个对应的实例,注意在设置密码时,不能使用特殊符号
3.1 配置dbca.rsp文件
| vim /home/oracle/response/dbca.rsp |
| |
| # 修改以下配置【查找出每一条后修改】 |
| sed -i 's/GDBNAME = \"orcl11\.us\.oracle\.com\"/GDBNAME = \"orcl\"/g' /home/oracle/response/dbca.rsp && \ |
| sed -i 's/GDBNAME = \"orcl11g\.us\.oracle\.com\"/GDBNAME = \"orcl\"/g' /home/oracle/response/dbca.rsp && \ |
| sed -i 's/SID = \"orcl11g\"/SID = \"orcl\"/g' /home/oracle/response/dbca.rsp && \ |
| sed -i 's/#SYSPASSWORD = \"password\"/SYSPASSWORD = "oracle"/g' /home/oracle/response/dbca.rsp && \ |
| sed -i 's/#SYSTEMPASSWORD = \"password\"/SYSTEMPASSWORD = "oracle"/g' /home/oracle/response/dbca.rsp && \ |
| sed -i 's/#SYSMANPASSWORD = \"password\"/SYSMANPASSWORD = "oracle"/g' /home/oracle/response/dbca.rsp && \ |
| sed -i 's/#DBSNMPPASSWORD = \"password\"/DBSNMPPASSWORD = "oracle"/g' /home/oracle/response/dbca.rsp && \ |
| sed -i 's/#DATAFILEDESTINATION =/DATAFILEDESTINATION =\/u01\/app\/oracle\/oradata/g' /home/oracle/response/dbca.rsp && \ |
| sed -i 's/#DATAFILEDESTINATION =/RECOVERYAREADESTINATION=\/u01\/app\/oracle\/fast_recovery_area/g' /home/oracle/response/dbca.rsp && \ |
| sed -i 's/#CHARACTERSET = \"US7ASCII\"/CHARACTERSET = \"AL32UTF8\"/g' /home/oracle/response/dbca.rsp && \ |
| sed -i 's/#TOTALMEMORY = "800"/TOTALMEMORY = \"800\"/g' /home/oracle/response/dbca.rsp |
| # 其中TOTALMEMORY = "1638" 为1638MB,物理内存2G*80%。 |
| |
3.2 安装数据库实例
| # 切换到刚在oralce用户终端 |
| dbca -silent -responseFile /home/oracle/response/dbca.rsp |
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| # 完成后检查进程 |
| ps -ef | grep ora_ | grep -v grep |
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3.4 登录
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| # 登录查看实例状态 |
| sqlplus / as sysdba |
| select status from v$instance; |
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4 开机自启
4.1 配置
| # 切换到root用户 |
| vim /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/bin/dbstart |
| # 将 ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$1 修改为 |
| ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$ORACLE_HOME |
| |
| vim /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/bin/dbshut |
| # 将 ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$1 修改为 |
| ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$ORACLE_HOME |
| |
| vim /etc/oratab |
| # 将 orcl:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0:N 中最后的 N 改为 Y |
| |
| # 切换到oracle用户 |
| # 使用dbshut 和 dbstart 测试 |
| dbshut |
| dbstart |
4.2 自启脚本
| # 切换root用户 |
| chmod 755 /etc/rc.d/rc.local |
| vim /etc/rc.d/rc.local |
| # 在rc.local中添加 |
| su oracle -lc "/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/bin/lsnrctl start" |
| su oracle -lc /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/bin/dbstart |
| |
| # 重启机器后执行 |
| netstat -tpln |
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5 账户解锁
| sqlplus / as sysdba |
| alter user SYSTEM account unlock; |
| |
| # SYSTEM用户为之前设置的oracle |
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